سَمُّواname they calledعَمْرَوAmrبْنَson ofعَبْدِAbdمَنَافٍManafبِهَاشِمٍHashim،,
They named Amr ibn Abd Manaf as Hashim,
حِينَwhenهَشَمَhe crumbledالْخُبْزَ1the bread،,
when he crumbled the bread [1],
وَاتَّخَذَand madeمِنْهُfrom itالثَّرِيدَthe tharid،,
and made tharid from it,
حَتَّىuntilغَلَبَovercameعَلَيْهِon himالِاسْمُthe nameالْمُشْتَقُّderivedلَهُfor himمِنْfromذَلِكَthat..
until the name derived from that prevailed over him.
[عَوْفُ[Awfبْنُibnالْقَعْقَاعِ]al-Qa'qa']
[Awf ibn al-Qa'qa']
وَقَالَand saidعَوْفُAwfبْنُibnالْقَعْقَاعِal-Qa'qa'لِمَوْلَاهُto his master::
And Awf ibn al-Qa'qa' said to his master:
اتَّخِذْprepareلَنَاfor usطَعَامًاfoodيَشْبَعُthat satisfiesفَضْلُهُits surplusأَهْلَpeopleالْمَوْسِمِthe season..
Prepare for us food whose surplus will satisfy the people of the season.
قُلْتُمْyou said::
You said:
فَلَمَّاand whenرَأَىhe sawالْخُبْزَthe breadالرِّقَاقَthinوَالْغِلَاظَand thickوَالشِّوَاءَand roasted meat،,
And when he saw the thin and thick bread, and the roast,
وَالْأَلْوَانَand the colors،,وَاسْتِطْرَافَand admirationالنَّاسِof peopleلِلَوْنٍfor a colorبَعْدَafterلَوْنٍcolor،,
and the colors, and people's admiration for one color after another,
وَدَوَامِand continuanceأَكْلِهِمْof their eatingلِدَوَامِbecause of continuanceالطَّرَفِof the eye،,
and their eating continues because the eye continues,
وَأَنَّand thatذَلِكَthatلَوْifكَانَit wereلَوْنًاa colorوَاحِدًاoneلَكَانَit would beأَقَلَّlessلِأَكْلِهِمْfor their eating،,
and that if that were one color, it would be less for their eating,
قَالَhe said::
he said:
فَهَلَّاthen why notجَعَلْتَهُyou made itطَعَامَfood ofيَدٍone hand،,وَلَمْand notتَجْعَلْهُyou made itطَعَامَfood ofيَدَيْنِtwo hands..
Then why did you not make it one-handed food, and not make it two-handed food?
فَقُلْتُمْand you said::
And you said:
اتَّسَعَit expandedثُمَّthenضَاقَit became narrow،,
It expanded then narrowed,
حِينَwhenأَرَادَhe wantedإِطْعَامَهُمُto feed themالثَّرِيدَtharidوَالْحَيْسَ2and hais،,
when he wanted to feed them tharid and hais [2],
وَكُلَّand everythingمَاthatيُؤْكَلُis eatenبِيَدٍwith one handدُونَwithoutيَدَيْنِtwo hands..
and everything eaten with one hand, not two.
وَابْنُand ibnالْقَعْقَاعِal-Qa'qa'عَرَبِيٌّan Arabكَرِهَdislikedلِمَوْلَاهُfor his masterأَنْthatيَرْغَبَhe desires awayعَنْfromطَعَامِfood ofالْعَرَبِthe Arabsإِلَىtoطَعَامِfood ofالْعَجَمِthe non-Arabs،,
And the son of al-Qa'qa' was an Arab who disliked for his master to turn from Arab food to non-Arab food,
وَأَرَادَand wantedدَوَامَcontinuationقَوْمِهِof his peopleعَلَىonمِثْلِlikeمَاwhatكَانُواthey wereعَلَيْهِon it..
and wanted his people to continue as they were.
وَعَلَىand onأَنَّthatالتُّرْفَةَ3luxuryتُفَنِّخُهُمْ4makes them effeminateوَتُفْسِدُهُمْand corrupts them،,
And that luxury [3] makes them effeminate [4] and corrupts them,
وَأَنَّand thatالَّذِيthat whichفُتِحَwas openedعَلَيْهِمْon themمِنْfromبَابِdoor ofالتُّرْفَةِluxuryأَشَدُّmore severeعَلَيْهِمْon themمِمَّاthan whatأُغْلِقَwas closedعَلَيْهِمْon themمِنْfromبَابِdoor ofفُضُولِexcess ofاللَّذَّةِpleasure..
and that what was opened for them from the door of luxury was more severe on them than what was closed from the door of excess of pleasure.
وَقَدْand indeedفَعَلَdidعُمَرُUmar،,مِنْfromجِهَةِaspect ofالتَّأْدِيبِdiscipline،,أَكْثَرَmoreمِنْthanذَلِكَthat،,
And Umar, from the aspect of discipline, did more than that,
حِينَwhenدُعِيَhe was invitedإِلَىtoعُرْسٍa wedding،,فَرَأَىand sawقِدْرًاa potصَفْرَاءَyellow،,
when he was invited to a wedding and saw a yellow pot,
وَأُخْرَىand anotherحَمْرَاءَred،,وَوَاحِدَةًand oneمُرَّةًbitter،,
and another red, and one bitter,
وَأُخْرَىand anotherحُلْوَةًsweet،,وَوَاحِدَةًand oneمُحَمَّضَةًsour..
and another sweet, and one sour.
فَكَدَّرَهَاand he mixed themكُلَّهَاall of themفِيinقِدْرٍa potعَظِيمَةٍgreat..
And he mixed them all in a great pot.
وَقَالَand said::
And he said:
إِنَّindeedالْعَرَبَthe Arabsإِذَاwhenأَكَلَتْeatهَذَاthis،,قَتَلَkillبَعْضُهَاsome of themبَعْضًاothers..
Indeed, if the Arabs eat this, some of them will kill others.
[تَفْسِيرُ[Interpretation ofكَلَامِspeech ofأَبِيAbuفَاتِكٍ:]Fatik:]
[Interpretation of Abu Fatik's speech:]
أَمَّاas forقَوْلُهُhis saying::
As for his saying:
الْفَتَىthe young manلَاnotيَكُونُisنَشَّالًاa snatcher؛;
The young man is not a snatcher;
فَالنَّشَّالُfor the snatcher،,عِنْدَهُin his view،,الَّذِيwhoيَتَنَاوَلُtakes
for the snatcher, in his view, is the one who takes
Footnotes
- 1.هَشَمَ الْخُبْزَ: كَسَرَهُ وَفَتَّتَهُ
Hashama al-khubz: he broke and crumbled the bread.
- 2.الْحَيْسُ: طَعَامٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَسَمْنٍ وَأَقِطٍ
Al-hais: a food made of dates, clarified butter, and dried yogurt.
- 3.التُّرْفَةُ: التَّنَعُّمُ وَالْإِتْرَافُ
Al-turfah: luxury and extravagance.
- 4.تُفَنِّخُهُمْ: تُلَيِّنُهُمْ وَتُضْعِفُهُمْ
Tufannikhuhum: makes them soft and weak.