al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 51

اَلْحَاجَةُThe needإِلَىtoاَلْبَحْثِthe researchفِيinاَللُّغَةِthe languageوَالنَّحْوِ:and grammar:

The need to research language and grammar:

وَلَكِنْButمَاnotمَضَتْpassedتِلْكَthatاَلطَّبَقَةُgenerationالْأُولَىfirst

But that first generation of the early vanguard had not passed

مِنَofالرَّعِيلِthe vanguardالْأَوَّلِfirst

of the early vanguard

وَدَاخَلَand mixedالْعَرَبَthe Arabsالْعَجَمُ،the non-Arabs,

and non-Arabs mixed with the Arabs,

وَذَهَبَتْand wentتِلْكَthatاللُّغَةُlanguageالْأَصْلِيَّةُoriginalالْأُولَىfirst

and that first original language passed away

وَاسْتَعْصَىand became difficultفَهْمُunderstandingالْمَطَالِبِthe demandsوَالْمَعَانِيand meaningsفِيinبَعْضِsomeالْمَوَاضِعِ،places,

and understanding the demands and meanings became difficult in some places,

وَمَسَّتِand touchedالْحَاجَةُthe needإِلَىtoالتَّفْتِيشِinspectingوَالْبَحْثِand researchingفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageوَالنَّحْوِ،and grammar,

and the need touched upon inspecting and researching in language and grammar,

وَجَرَتِand took placeالْمُنَاقَشَاتُthe discussionsوَالْأَسْئِلَةُand questionsوَالْأَجْوِبَةُ،and answers,

and discussions, questions, and answers took place,

وَصُنِّفَتْand were classifiedكُتُبُbooksالتَّفْسِيرِ.of exegesis.

and books of exegesis were compiled.

لَزِمَIt became necessaryأَنْthatنَسْتَحْضِرَwe bring to mindبِصُورَةٍin aإِجْمَالِيَّةٍgeneral mannerهَذِهِtheseالْمَوَاضِعَplacesالصَّعْبَةَ،difficult,

It became necessary to bring to mind - in a general way - these difficult places,

وَنُبَيِّنَand we clarifyنَمَادِجَهَاits modelsوَأَمْثِلَتَهَاand its examples

and to clarify their models and examples

حَتَّىso thatلَاnotيَحْتَاجَit is neededعِنْدَuponالْخَوْضِplungingفِيهَاinto themإِلَىtoبَيَانِclarificationمَزِيدٍmore

so that when delving into them, no further clarification is needed

وَلَاand norيُضْطَرَّis forcedإِلَىtoالْمُبَالَغَةِexaggerationفِيinالْكَشْفِuncoveringعَنْهَاitوَشَرْحِهَاand explaining it

nor is one forced to exaggerate in uncovering and explaining it

(عِنْدَ(uponالتَّرْجَمَةِtranslationوَالتَّفْسِيرِ)and exegesis)

(during translation and exegesis)

[أَسْبَابُ[Reasons forصُعُوبَةِdifficulty ofفَهْمِunderstandingالْمُرَادِthe intended meaningمِنَfromالْكَلَامِ:]the speech:]

[Reasons for the difficulty of understanding the intended meaning from the speech:]

  • - فَتَارَةً- Sometimesيَصْعُبُit is difficultالتَّوَصُّلُreachingإِلَىtoفَهْمِunderstandingالْمُرَادِthe intendedمِنَfromالْكَلَامِthe speech
  • - Sometimes it is difficult to reach the understanding of the intended meaning from the speech

  • لِاسْتِعْمَالِdue to the use ofلَفْظَةٍa wordغَرِيبَةٍ،strange,
  • due to the use of a strange word,

  • وَيُعَالَجُand it is treatedذَلِكَthatبِنَقْلِby transmittingمَعْنَىthe meaningاللَّفْظَةِof the wordعَنِfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the successorsوَسَائِرِand the rest ofأَهْلِthe people ofاللُّغَةِ.the language.
  • and that is treated by transmitting the meaning of the word from the Companions, the Successors, and the rest of the people of the language.

  • - وَتَارَةً- And other timesأُخْرَىanotherلِقِلَّةِdue to the scarcity ofالْاطِّلَاعِacquaintanceعَلَىwithالنَّاسِخِthe abrogatingوَالْمَنْسُوخِ.and the abrogated.
  • - And at other times due to a lack of acquaintance with the abrogating and the abrogated.

  • - وَحِينًا- And sometimesلِلْغَفْلَةِdue to heedlessnessعَنْofأَسْبَابِreasonsالنُّزُولِ.of revelation.
  • - And sometimes due to heedlessness regarding the reasons for revelation.

  • - وَحِينًا- And sometimesآخَرَotherبِسَبَبِdue to the reason ofحَذْفِdeletion ofالْمُضَافِthe addedأَوْorالْمَوْصُوفِthe describedأَوْorغَيْرِهِمَا،other than them,
  • - And yet another time due to the omission of the mudhaf (genitive construct), the described, or other than them,

  • - وَأَحْيَانًا- And sometimesبِإْبْدَالِby replacingشَيْءٍ،something,أَوْorإْبْدَالِreplacingحَرْفٍa letterمَكَانَin place ofحَرْفٍ،a letter,
  • - And sometimes by replacing something, or replacing a letter in place of a letter,