ثَالِثًاThirdlyأَنْthatنَفْيَthe negationالتَّشْبِيهِof similarityعَلَىabsolutelyالإِطْلَاقِgeneralizationغَيْرُis notصَحِيحٌ؛correct;لِأَنَّbecauseمَاthere are noشَيْءَينِtwo thingsمِنَofالْأَعْيَانِthe essencesأَوْorالْصِّفَاتِthe attributesإِلَّاexceptوَبَيْنَهُمَاand between themاشْتِرَاكٌis a commonalityمِنْfromبَعْضِsomeالْوُجُوهِ،aspects,وَالِاشْتِرَاكُand the commonalityنَوْعٌis a typeتَشَابُهٌof similarityفَلَوْIf youنَفَيْتَnegateالتَّشْبِيهَthe similarityمُطْلَقًا؛absolutely;لَكِنَّbutكُنتَyou would have negatedنَفَيْتَnegatedكُلَّeverythingمَاthat whichيَشْتَرِكُis shared inالْخَالِقِthe Creatorوَالْمَخْلُوقِand the creatureفِيinشَيْءٍsomethingمَا.at all.
Thirdly: The absolute denial of similarity is incorrect; for there are no two things in essences or attributes except that there is some commonality between them.
مَثَلًاFor exampleالْوُجُودِ؛existence;يَشْتَرِكُis sharedفِيinأَصْلِهِits essenceالْخَالِقِthe Creatorوَالْمَخْلُوقِ،and the creature,هَذَاthisنَوْعٌis a typeاشْتِرَاكٍof commonalityوَنَوْعٌand a kindتَشَابُهٍof similarityلَكِنَّbutفَرْقٌthere is a differenceبَيْنَbetweenالْوُجُودَيْنِ؛the two existences;وُجُودُExistenceالْخَالِقِof the Creatorوَاجِبٌ،is necessary,وَوُجُودُand the existenceالْمَخْلُوقِof the creatureمُمْكِنٌ.is possible.
For example: Existence; the Creator and the creature share in its essence; this is a type of commonality and a type of similarity, but there is a difference between the two existences; the existence of the Creator is necessary, and the existence of the creature is possible.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewise,السَّمْعِ؛the hearing;فِيهِin itاشْتِرَاكٌ؛there is commonality;الإِنْسَانُhumansلَهُhasسَمْعٌ،hearing,وَالْخَالِقُand the Creatorلَهُhasسَمْعٌ،hearing,لَكِنَّbutبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themفَرْقٌ،there is a difference,لَكِنَّbutأَصْلُthe essenceوُجُودُof existenceالسَّمْعِof hearingمُشْتَرَكٌ.is shared.
And likewise, there is commonality in the hearing; humans have hearing, and the Creator has hearing, but there is a difference between them; however, the essence of hearing is shared.
إِشْكَالٌ.A complication.
A complication.
فَإِذَاSo ifقُلْنَا:we say:مِنْwithoutغَيْرِapart fromتَشْبِيهٍsimilarityوَنَفَيْنَاand we negateمُطْلَقَabsoluteالتَّشْبِيهِ؛similarity;صَارَit becomesفِيin thisوَهَذَاand thisعَرَفْنَاwe knowأَنْthatالتَّعْبِيرَthe expressionبِالتَّمْثِيلِby representationأَوْلَىis preferableمِنْoverثَلاثَةٍthreeأَوْجُهٍ.aspects.
So if we say: without similarity, and we negate absolute similarity; it becomes in this way we know that the expression by representation is preferable to three aspects.
فَإِنْIf you sayقُلْتَyou sayمَاwhatالْفَرْقُis the differenceبَيْنَbetweenالتَّكْيِيفِthe qualificationوَالتَّمْثِيلِ؟and representation?
If you say, what is the difference between qualification and representation?
فَالْجَوَابُ:The answer is:الْفَرْقُthe differenceبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themمِنْis fromوَجْهَيْنِ:two aspects:
The answer is: the difference between them is from two aspects:
الأَوَّلُ:the first:أَنْthatالتَّمْثِيلَthe representationذَكَرَmentionsالْصِّفَةَthe attributeمُقَيَّدَةًis limitedبِمُمَاثِلٍ؛by a similarity;فَتَقُولُyou sayيَدٌthe handفُلَانٌof such-and-suchمِثْلُlikeيَدٍthe handفُلَانٌof such-and-suchوَالتَّكْيِيفُBut the qualificationذَكَرَmentionsالْصِّفَةَthe attributeغَيْرَwithoutمُقَيَّدَةًis limitedبِمُمَاثِلٍ؛by a similarity;مِثْلَsuch thatأَنْthatتَقُولُ:you say:كَيْفِيَّةَthe manner ofيَدِof the handفُلَانٌof such-and-suchكَذَاthus and so.
The first: that representation mentions the attribute limited by similarity; you say, the hand of such-and-such is like the hand of such-and-such. But qualification mentions the attribute without limitation by similarity; such that you say: the manner of the hand of such-and-such is thus and so.
وَعَلَىAnd based on this,هَذَاthisنَقُولُ:we say:كُلُّeveryمُمَثِّلٍrepresentativeمُكَيفٌ،is qualified,وَلَاand notعَكْسٌ.the reverse.
And based on this, we say: every representative is qualified, but not the reverse.
الثَّانِي:The second:أَنْthatالْكَيْفِيَّةَthe wayلَاis notتَكُونَis to beإِلَّاexceptفِيinالصِّفَةِthe attributeوَالْهَيْئَةِ،and the state,وَالتَّمْثِيلُand the representationيَكُونُisفِيinذَلِكَthatوَفِيand inالْعَدَدِ؛the number;كَمَاasفِيinقَوْلِهِhis sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿﴿اللَّهُGodالَّذِيWhoخَلَقَcreatedسَبْعَsevenسَمَاوَاتٍheavens;وَأَرْضًاand earth;﴾١١﴾11
The second: that the way is only in the attribute and the structure, and representation is in that and in the number; as in his saying the Most High: "God who created seven heavens and earth;"