سُلطَانًاSultan؛;يَعْنِيmeans::أَنْthatتَجْعَلُواyou makeلَهُfor himشَرِيكًاa partnerلَمْnotيَنْزِلْdescendبِهِwith itسُلْطَانًاauthority؛;أَي:that is:
A sultan; it means that you may make for him a partner.
حُجَّةً،proof,وَسُمِّيَتْand namedالحُجَّةُthe proofسُلْطَانًا؛as authority;لِأَنَّهَاbecause it isسُلْطَةٌauthorityلِلْمُحَاجَّfor the one arguingبِهَاwith it.
And the proof is named authority; because it is authority for the one arguing with it.
وَهَذَاAnd thisالْقَيْدُ:restriction:﴿[مَاwhatلَمْnotيُنَزِّلْdescendبِهِwith itسُلْطَانًا:OUR AUTHORITY:نَقُولُWe sayفِيهِin itكَمَاasقُلْنَاwe saidفِيinوَالْبَغْيَand oppressionبِغَيْرِwithoutالْحَقِّ؛the truth;
And this restriction: ﴿ what has not descended with it OUR AUTHORITY: we say in it as we said in oppression without the truth;
أَيThat isأَنَّهُit is that
That is, it is that every one who associates partners with Allah has no authority with his partnership.
أَنْThatقَوْلَهُ:His saying:﴿[وَأَنَّAnd thatتَقُولُواyou sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاnotتَعْلَمُونَyou know)؛);وَذَٰلِكَAnd thatيَعْنِي:means:وَحُرِّمَand prohibitedأَنْ تَقُولُواto sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاnotنَعْلَمُ،we know,سَوَاءٌwhetherكَانَit isفِيinذَاتِهِitselfأَوْorأَسْمَائِهِHis namesأَوْorصِفَاتِهِHis attributesأَوْorأَفْعَالِهِHis actionsأَوْorأَحْكَامِهِ.His rulings.
means: and it is prohibited to say about Allah what we do not know, whether it is about Himself or His names or His attributes or His actions or His rulings.
فَهَذِهِSo theseخَمْسَةٌfiveأَشْيَاءَthingsحَرَّمَهَاHe prohibited themاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْنَا.upon us.
So these are five things that Allah has prohibited upon us.
وَفِيهَاAnd in itرَدٌّis a responseعَلَىtoالْمُشْرِكِينَthe polytheistsالَّذِينَwhoحَرَّمُواprohibitedمَاwhatلَمْnotيَحْرِمُوهُ.prohibit it.
And in it is a response to the polytheists who prohibited what Allah did not prohibit.
إِذَاIfقَالَa speaker saidقَائِلٌ:the saying:أَيْنَWhere isالصِّفَةُthe negative characteristicالسَّلْبِيَّةُnegativeفِيin thisهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُ؟verse?
If a speaker says: Where is the negative characteristic in this verse?
قُلْنَا:We say:هِيَ:It is:﴿[وَأَنَّAnd thatتُشْرِكُواyou associateبِاللَّهِwith Allahمَاwhatلَمْnotيُنَزِّلْdescendبِهِwith itسُلْطَانًاauthorityوَأَنْand thatتَقُولُواyou sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاnotتَعْلَمُونَ)؛you know);فَالْثَّنْتَانSo bothجَمِيعًاtogetherمِنَare fromبَابِthe categoryالصِّفَاتِpropertiesالسَّلْبِيَّةِ:the negative:
We say: It is: ﴿ And that you associate with Allah what He has not descended with an authority and that you say about Allah what you do not know); thus both are from the category of negative attributes:
﴿[وَأَنْAnd thatتُشْرِكُواyou associate؛;يَعْنِي:means:لَاnotتَجْعَلُواmakeلِلَّهِfor Allahشَرِيكًاa partner.
And that means: do not make a partner for Allah.
﴿[وَأَنْAnd thatتَقُولُواyou sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاnotتَعْلَمُونَyou know)؛);
And that you say about Allah what you do not know);
كَذَٰلِكَ؛Likewise;لِكَمَالِهِ؛for His perfection;فَإِنَّهُfor indeedمِنْfromتَمَامِthe completenessسُلْطَانِهِof His authorityأَنْthatلَاnotيَقُولَsayعَلَيْهِabout Himأَحَدٌanyoneمَاwhatلَاnotيَعْلَمُ.know.
Likewise; for His perfection; for indeed, from the completeness of His authority is that no one says about Him what he does not know.
الْفَائِدَةُThe benefitالْمَسْلَكِيَّةُthe practicalمِنْfromهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُverseالْخَمْسَةُthe fiveالَّتِيwhichصَرَّحَstatedاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىMost Highبِتَحْرِيمِهَا.by prohibiting them.
The benefit from this verse is the five that Allah, the Most High, has stated prohibiting them.
هِيَThey areأَنْthatنَتَجَنَّبَwe avoidهَذِهِtheseالأَشْيَاءَthings
They are that we avoid these things.
وَقَدْAnd indeedقَالَsaidأَهْلُthe peopleالعِلْمِof knowledgeإِنَّthatهَذِهِtheseالْمُحَرَّمَاتُprohibitionsالْخَمْسَةُthe fiveمِمَّاamong whatأَجْمَعَتْconsensus has been reachedالشَّرَائِعُthe lawsعَلَىonتَحْرِيمِهَا.prohibiting them.
And indeed, the people of knowledge said that these five prohibitions are among what there has been consensus on prohibiting them.