إذًاSoمِنَfromالْقُرْآنِthe Quranثَلاثَةَthreeأَدِلَّةًevidencesتَدُلُّthat indicateعَلَىonأَنْthatنُوحًاNoahأَوَّلَthe firstالرُّسُلِmessengers
So from the Quran, there are three evidences that indicate that Noah is the first of the messengers.
وَمِنَAnd fromالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahمَاwhatثَبَتَhas been establishedفِيinحَدِيثِthe Hadithالشَّفَاعَةِof intercession::«أَنْthatأَهْلَthe peopleالْمَوْقِفِof the standingيَقُولُونَsayلِنوحٍ:to Noah:أَنْتَyou areأَوَّلَthe firstرَسُولٍmessengerأَرْسَلَهُHe sentاللَّهُAllahإِلَىtoأَهْلِthe peopleالْأَرْضِ»of the earth"
And from the Sunnah, what has been established in the Hadith of intercession: "That the people of the standing say to Noah: You are the first messenger that Allah sent to the people of the earth".
(١)(1)،,وَهَذَاAnd thisصَرِيحٌis explicit
(1), and this is explicit.
أَمَّاAs forآدَمَAdamعَلَيْهِupon himالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَالسَّلاَمَ؛and peace;فَهُوَhe isنَبِيٌّ،a prophet,وَلَيْسَand notبِرَسُولٍ.a messenger.
As for Adam, peace be upon him; he is a prophet, and not a messenger.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forإِدْرِيسَ؛Idris;فَذَهَبَmany wentكثيرٌa lotمِنَofالْمُؤَرِّخِينَthe historiansأَوْorأَكْثَرُهُمْmost of themوَبَعْضُand someالْمُفَسِّرِينَof the interpretersأَيْضًاalsoإِلَىtoأَنَّهُthat he isقَبْلَbeforeنُوحٍNoahوَأَنَّهُand that he isمِنَofأَجْدَادِهِ،his ancestors,لَكِنَّbutهَذَاthisقَوْلٌsayingضَعِيفٌis weakجِدًّا،very much,وَالْقُرْآنَand the Quranوَالسُّنَّةَ،and the Sunnah,تَرُدُّهُ،reject it,وَالصَّوَابُand the correctمَاwhatذَكَرْنَاwe mentioned.
And as for Idris; many historians or most of them and some interpreters also went to say that he is before Noah and that he is of his ancestors, but this saying is very weak, and the Quran and the Sunnah reject it, and the correct is what we mentioned.
وَآخِرُهُمْAnd the last of themمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadعَلَيْهِupon himالصَّلَاةُthe prayerوَالسَّلاَمُ؛and peace;لِقَوْلِهِdue to his sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿{وَلَكِنَّButرَسُولًاa messengerاللَّهِ،of Allah;وَخَاتَمَand the sealالنَّبِيِّ)of the prophets)[الأحزاب:[Al-Ahzab:٤٠]،40],وَلَمْAnd did notيَقُلْ:say:وَخَاتَمَand the sealالْمُرْسَلِينَ؛of the messengers;لِأَنَّهُbecause heإِذَاifخَتَمَhe sealedالنُّبُوَّةَ؛prophethood;خَتَمَhe sealedالرِّسَالَةَthe messageمِنْfromبَابِthe aspectأُولَى.most prior.
And the last of them is Muhammad, peace be upon him; due to his saying, the Most High: "But he is the messenger of Allah and the seal of prophets" [Al-Ahzab: 40], and he did not say: "and the seal of messengers"; because if he sealed prophethood, he sealed the message all the more.
فَإِنْIf you say:قُلْتَ:you said:عِيسَىJesusعَلَيْهِupon himالصَّلَاةُthe prayerوَالسَّلام،and peace,يَنْزِلُwill descendفِيinآخِرِthe lastالزَّمَانِ،time,(۲)(2)وَهُوَand he isرَسُولٌ؛a messenger;فَمَاwhatالْجَوَابُ؟is the answer?
If you say: Jesus, peace be upon him, will descend in the last time, (2) and he is a messenger; what is the answer?
(1)(1)رَوَاهُNarrated byالْبُخَارِيAl-Bukhari(٧٤٤٠)(7440)وَمُسْلِمٌand Muslim(١٩٤).(194).
(1) Narrated by Al-Bukhari (7440) and Muslim (194).
(۲)(2)لِمَاDue to whatرَوَاهُwas narrated byالإِمَامُthe ImamأَحْمَدُAhmad(۲٩٢١)(2921)عَنْbyابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُمَاabout both of themفِيinتَفْسِيرِthe interpretationهَذِهِthisالْآيَةَ:verse:(وَإِنَّهُ(And indeed heلَعَلَمٌis a signلِلسَّاعَةِ)for the hour)قَالَHe said:هُوَHe isخُرُوجُthe exitعِيسَىJesusابْنِson ofمَرْيَمَMaryعَلَيْهِupon himالسَّلاَمُpeaceقَالَHe said;أَحْمَدُAhmadشَاكِرٌShakirإِسْنَادُهُits chain of transmissionصَحِيحٌ،is authentic,وَفِيand inالْحَدِيثِthe HadithعَنْaboutأَبِيAbuهُرَيْرَةَHurayraرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُabout himقَالَ:said:قَالَThe Messengerرَسُولُthe Messengerاللَّهِof Allah::وَالَّذِيAnd by Himنَفْسِيmy soulبِيَدِهِin His handلَيُوشِكَنَّsurely almostأَنْthatيَنْزِلَwill descendفِيكُمْamong youابْنَthe sonمَرْيَمَMaryحُكْمًاas a just ruler"عَدْلًا»justly."أَخْرَجَهُNarrated byالْبُخَارِيAl-Bukhari(٢٢٢٢)(2222)وَمُسْلِمٌ،and Muslim,(١٥٥)،(155),وَقَدْand hasذُكِرَmentionedابْنُIbnكثيرٌKithirالْأَحَادِيثُthe Hadithsالْوَارِدَةُthat have been narratedفِيinنُزُولِthe descentعِيسَىof Jesusابْنِthe son ofمَرْيَمَMaryعَلَيْهِupon himالسَّلاَمُpeaceإِلَىtoالْأَرْضِthe earthمِنَfromالسَّمَاءِthe skyعِندَatتَفْسِيرِهِhis interpretationلِقَوْلِهِfor His sayingتَعَالَىthe Most High::(وَإِنَّ(And ifمِنَofأَهْلِthe peopleالْكِتَابِthe Bookإِلَّاexceptلَيُؤْمِنَنَّthat they will surely believeبِهِin himقَبْلَbeforeمَوْتِهِhis deathوَيَوْمَAnd the Dayالْقِيَامَةِ:of Resurrection:==
(2) Due to what was narrated by the Imam Ahmad (2921) from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, in the interpretation of this verse: (And indeed he is a sign for the hour) he said: He is the descent of Jesus, son of Mary, peace be upon him, before the Day of Resurrection. Ahmad Shakir said: Its chain of transmission is authentic, and in the Hadith about Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, he said: The Messenger of Allah: And by Him in whose hand is my soul, surely almost he will descend among you, the son of Mary as a just ruler." Narrated by Al-Bukhari (2222) and Muslim, (155), and Ibn Kathir mentioned the hadiths about the descent of Jesus, the son of Mary, peace be upon him, to the earth from the sky in his interpretation for His saying: (And there is none among the People of the Book but will surely believe in him before his death and on the Day of Resurrection: