أَمَّاAs forالدَّلِيلُthe evidenceالسَّمْعِيُّ؛auditory;فَمَثَلُlikeقَوْلِهِHis sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿[قُلْSay,إِنَّمَاIndeed,حَرَّمَHe has forbiddenرَبِّيَmy Lordالْفَوَاحِشَthe obsceneمَاwhateverظَهَرَhas appearedمِنْهَاof themوَمَاand whateverبَطَنَhas been hiddenوَالْإِثْمَand the sin,وَالْبَغْيَand the oppressionبِغَيْرِwithoutالْحَقِّthe truth,وَأَنْand to associateتُشْرِكُواyou associateبِاللَّهِwith Allah,مَاthat whichلَمْhas notيُنَزِّلْsent downبِهِwith it,سُلْطَانًاauthority.وَأَنْand to sayتَقُولُواyou sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاyou do notتَعْلَمُونَknow."﴾][الأعراف:(Al-A'raf:٣٣]،33],وَالشَّاهِدُand the witnessفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying:(وَأَنْ(and thatتَقُولُواyou sayعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllah,مَاwhatلَاyou do notتَعْلَمُونَ)know.)فَإِذَاSo ifجَاءَa man comesرَجُلٌa manوَقَالَ:and said:إِنَّIndeed,اللَّهَAllahاسْتَوَىascendedعَلَىuponالْعَرْشِ،the throne,عَلَىonهَذِهِthisالْكَيْفِيَّةِ...way...وَوَصَفَand describedكَيْفِيَّةًa certain manner.مُعَيَّنَةً.specific.نَقُولُ:We say:هَذَاthisقَدِhasقَالَsaidعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahمَاwhatلَاnotيَعْلَمُ!knows!هَلDidأَخْبَرَكَHe inform youاللَّهُAllahبِأَنَّهُthat Heاسْتَوَىascendedعَلَىuponهَذِهِthisالْكَيْفِيَّةِ؟manner?!لَا؛No;أَخْبَرَنَاHe informed usاللَّهُAllahبِأَنَّهُthat Heاسْتَوَى،ascended,وَلَمْand did notيُخْبِرْنَاtell usكَيْفَhowاسْتَوَىHe ascendedفَنَقُولُ:So we say:هَذَاthisتَكْيِيفٌis a specificationوَقَوْلٌand statementعَلَىaboutاللَّهِAllahبِغَيْرِwithoutعِلْمٍ.knowledge.وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَsaidبَعْضٌsomeالسَّلَفِ:of the predecessors:إِذَاIfقَالَa person saysلَكَto youالْجَهْمِيُّ:the Jahmi:إِنَّIndeed,اللَّهَAllahيَنْزِلُdescendsإِلَىtoالسَّمَاءِ؛the sky;فَكَيْفَHowيَنْزِلُ؟does He descend?فَقُلْ:So say:إِنَّIndeed,اللَّهَAllahأَخْبَرَنَاhas informed usأَنَّهُthat Heيَنْزِلُ،descends,وَلَمْand did notيُخْبِرْنَاtell usكَيْفَhowيَنْزِلُ.He descends.وَهَذِهِAnd thisقَاعِدَةٌis a ruleمُفِيدَةٌ.that is beneficial.دَلِيلٌEvidenceآخَرُanotherمِنَfromالسَّمْعِthe hearingقَالَsaidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿[وَلَاAnd do notنَقْفُfollowمَاwhatلَيْسَis notلَكَfor youبِهِwith it.عِلْمٌknowledge;إِنَّIndeed,السَّمْعَthe hearingوَالْبَصَرَand the sight,وَالْفُؤَادَand the heart—كُلُّallأُولَـٰئِكَof thoseكَانُواwereعَنْهُabout itمَسْئُولًاquestioned."﴾][الإسراء:(Al-Isra:٣٦]:36]:لَاDo notتَتَّبِعْfollowمَاwhatلَيْسَis notلَكَfor youبِهِwith it;إِنَّIndeed,السَّمْعَthe hearingوَالْبَصَرَand the sight,وَالْفُؤَادَand the heart—كُلُّallأُولَـٰئِكَthoseكَانُواwereعَنْهُabout itمَسْئُولًا)questioned)[الإسراء:(the Night Journey:٣٦].36].وَأَمَّاAs forالدَّلِيلُthe evidenceالْعَقْلِيُّ؛rational;فَكَيْفِيَّةُthe way ofالشَّيْءِthe thingلَاdoes notتُدْرَكَunderstoodإِلَّاexceptبِوَاحِدٍby oneمِنْofأُمُورٍthree mattersثَلاَثَةٌThreeمَشَاهِدَتِهِseeing it,أَوْorمُشَاهَدَةِobservingنَظِيرِهِits counterpart,أَوْorخَبَرٍreportصَادِقٍthe truthfulعَنْهُ.about it.أَي:That is:إِمَّاEitherأَنْthat youتَكُونَbeشَاهِدَتَهُhave witnessedأَنْتَyouوَعَرَفْتَand knownكَيْفِيَّتَهُhow it is,أَوْorشَاهِدْتَyou observedنَظِيرَهُ؛its counterpart;كَمَاasلَوْifقَالَsomeone saysوَاحِدٌoneإِنَّthatفُلَانًاso-and-soاشْتَرَىpurchasedسَيَّارَةًa carدَاتِسُنDatsunمُودِيلَmodelثَمَانٍ وَثَمَانِينَeighty-eightرَقَمًاnumberأَلْفَيْنَ.two thousand.
That is: either you have witnessed it yourself and knew how it is, or you observed its counterpart; as if someone said that so-and-so purchased a Datsun car, model eighty-eight, number two thousand.