فِيهِIn itوَهَؤُلَاءِand theseـ-مَعَwithفَرْطِexcessiveجَهْلِهِمْtheir ignoranceوَضَلَالِهِمْand their misguidanceمُتَنَاقِضُونَare contradictoryفَإِنَّforطَرْدَthe rejectionمَذْهَبِهِمْof their doctrineيُوْجِبُnecessitatesتَعْطِيلَthe nullificationجَمِيعِallالأَسْبَابِthe causes
In it, and these are contradictory due to their excessive ignorance and misguidance, for the rejection of their doctrine necessitates the nullification of all causes.
فَيُقَالُIt is saidلِأَحَدِهِمْto one of themإِنَّthat ifكَانَit has beenالشَّبَعُsatiationوَالرِّيُّand drinkingقَدْhasقَدْرًاbeen destinedلَكَfor youفَلَابُدَّthen it mustمِنْofوُقُوعِهِمَاtheir occurrenceأَكَلْتَyou ateأَوْorلَمْdid notتَأْكُلْeat
It is said to one of them: If satiation and drinking have been destined for you, then it must be that they occur, whether you ate or did not eat.
وَإِنْAnd ifلَمْthey have notيُقَدَّرَاbeen destinedلَمْthey did notيَقَعَاoccurأَكَلْتَyou ateأَوْorلَمْdid notتَأْكُلْeat
And if they have not been destined, they will not occur, whether you ate or did not eat.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَthere isالْوَلَدُthe childقَدْرٌdestinedلَكَfor youفَلَابُدَّthen it mustمِنْهُbeوَطِئْتَyou conceivedالزَّوْجَةَthe wifeوَالْأَمَةَand the concubineأَوْorلَمْdid notتَطَأْconceive
And if there is a child destined for you, then it must be that you conceive, whether you conceived the wife and the concubine or did not conceive.
وَإِنْAnd ifلَمْnotيُقَدَّرbe destinedلَمْthere will not beيَكُنْthereفَلَاso there is noحَاجَةٌneedإِلَىtoالتَّزَوُّجِmarriageوَالتَّسْرِيand concubinage
And if there is no destiny, then there is no need for marriage and concubinage.
وَهَلُمَّAnd so onجَرًّاand so forth
And so on.
فَهَلIs itيُقَالُsaidهَذَاthisعَاقِلٌa rational personأَوْorآدَمِيٌّa human being?
Is it said by a rational person or a human being?
بَلْRatherالْحَيَوَانُthe animalالْبَهِيمُthe beastمَفْطُورٌis instinctively createdعَلَىtoمُبَاشَرَةٍdirectlyالأَسْبَابِthe causesالَّتِيthat by whichبِهَاtherebyقَوَامَهُits existenceوَحَيَاتِهُand its life
Rather, the beastly animal is instinctively created to directly engage in the causes that sustain its existence and life.
فَالحَيَوَانَاتُSo the animalsأَعْقَلُare more rationalوَأَفْهَمُand more understandingمِنْthanهَأُولَاءِtheseالَّذِينَwho areهُمْthey areكَالأَنْعَامِlike cattleبَلْratherهُمْthey areأَضَلُّmore misguidedسَبِيلًاin their way.
So the animals are more rational and more understanding than those who are like cattle; rather, they are more misguided in their way.
وَتَكَايَسَAnd some of them claimedبَعْضُهُمْsome of themوَقَالَand saidالِاشْتِغَالُthe engagementبِالدُّعَاءِin supplicationمِنْfromبَابِthe perspectiveالتَّعَبُّدِof pure worshipالْمَحْضِit is rewardedيُثِيبُAllah rewardsاللَّهُGodعَلَيْهِfor itالدَّاعِيto the supplicantمِنْwithoutغَيْرِanyأَنْthat it shouldيَكُونَhaveلَهُfor itتَأْثِيرٌan effect
And some of them claimed and said: Engaging in supplication from the perspective of pure worship is rewarded by Allah for the supplicant, without it having any effect.
فِيInالْمَطْلُوبِthe requiredبِوَجْهٍin any wayمَاat allوَلَاand notفَرْقٌdifferenceعِندَfor thisالكَيسِclever personبَيْنَbetweenالدُّعَاءِsupplicationوَبَيْنَand betweenالْإِمْسَاكِholding backعَنْهُfrom itبِالْقَلْبِin the heartوَاللِّسَانِand tongueفِيwith regard toالتَّأْثِيرِthe effectفِيinحُصُولِthe attainmentالْمَطْلُوبِthe desired
There is no difference for this clever person between supplication and holding back from it in the effect on attaining the desired.
وَارْتِبَاطُAnd the connectionالدُّعَاءِof supplicationعِندَهُمْfor themبِهَاwith itكَارْتِبَاطِis like the connectionالسُّكُوتِof silenceوَلَاand notفَرْقٌdifference
And the connection of supplication for them with it is like the connection of silence, and there is no difference.
وَقَالَتْAnd another group saidطَائِفَةٌa partyأُخْرَىanotherأَكْيَسُclevererمِنْthanهَؤُولَاءِthese
And another group said, more clever than these:
بَلْRatherالدُّعَاءُsupplicationعَلَامَةٌis a signمُجَرَّدَةٌpurelyنَصَبَهَاwhich God has setاللَّهُAllahسُبْحَانَهُGlory beأَمَارَةًas a markerعَلَىforقَضَاءِthe fulfillmentالْحَاجَةِof needs
Rather, supplication is a purely sign set by Allah as a marker for the fulfillment of needs.
فَمَتَىSo wheneverوَفَّقَthe servant is ableالْعَبْدُto the servantلِلْدُّعَاءِto supplicateكَانَit isذَلِكَthat signعَلَامَةًa signلَهُfor himوَأَمَارَةًand a markerعَلَىforأَنْthatحَاجَتَهُhis needقَدْhasقُضِيَتْbeen fulfilled
So whenever the servant is able to supplicate, that is a sign for him and a marker that his needs have been fulfilled.
وَهَذَاAnd thisكَمَاis likeإِذَاwhenرَأَيْنَاwe seeغَيْمًاa cloud
And this is like when we see a cloud.