الْفَاحِشَةُthe obsceneوَيُرَاوِدُهُand urges himعَلَيْهَاto itوَيَسْتَعِينُand seeks helpعَلَيْهِagainst itمِمَّنْfrom whoيُعِينُهُhelps himعَلَىinذَلِكَthat
The obscene urges him to it and seeks help from those who will assist him in that.
فَاسْتَعْصَمَSo he resistedوَاخْتَارَand choseالسِّجْنَprisonعَلَىoverالْفَاحِشَةِthe obsceneوَآثَرَand preferredعَذَابَthe punishmentالدُّنْيَاof this worldعَلَىoverسَخَطِthe wrathاللَّهِof Allah
So he resisted and chose prison over the obscene, and preferred the punishment of this world over the wrath of Allah.
فَكَانَSo he wasمَظْلُومًاoppressedمِنْbyجِهَةٍthe side ofمَنْthose whoأَحَبَّهُloved himلِهَوَاهُfor his desireوَغَرَضِهِand his aimمَفَاسِدَ(corruption)
So he was oppressed by the side of those who loved him for his desire and aim of corruption.
فَهَذِهِThis loveالْمَحَبَّةُthe affectionأَحَبَتْهُloved himلِهَوَىfor the desireمَحْبُوبِهَاof her belovedشِفَاؤُهَاits healingوَشَقَاؤُهَاand its miseryإِنْifوَافَقَتْهَاit agrees with it
This love, the affection, loved him for the desire of her beloved; its healing and its misery if it agrees with it.
وَأُولَـٰئِكَAnd thoseالْمُبْغِضُونَwho hateأَبْغَضُوهُhated himبِبَغْضَةٍwith a hatredأَوْجَبَتْthat necessitatedأَنْthatيَصِيرَhe becomesمُلْقًىcastفِيinالْجُبّthe pit
And those who hate him hated him with a hatred that necessitated him to be cast into the pit.
ثُمَّThenأَسِيرًاa prisonerمَمْلُوكًاownedبِغَيْرِwithoutاخْتِيَارٍhis choice
Then he was a prisoner owned without his choice.
فَأُولَـٰئِكَSo thoseأَخْرَجُوهُdrove him outمِنْfromانْطَلَاقِthe freedomالْحُرِّيَّةِof freedomإِلَىtoرِقِّthe bondageالْعُبُودِيَّةِof slaveryالْبَاطِلَةِthe falseبِغَيْرِwithoutاخْتِيَارِهِhis choice
So those drove him out from the freedom to the false bondage of slavery without his choice.
وَهَذِهِAnd thisأَلْجَأَتْهُcompelled himإِلَىtoأَنْthatاخْتَارَhe choseأَنْtoيَكُونَbeمَحْبُوسًاimprisonedمَسْجُونًاa prisonerبِاخْتِيَارِهِby his choice
And this compelled him to choose to be imprisoned by his choice.
فَكَانَتْSo this wasهَذِهِgreaterأَعْظَمَin his trialفِيinمِحْنَتِهِhis tribulation
So this was greater in his trial.
وَكَانَAnd he wasصَبْرُهُhis patienceهُنَاhereاخْتِيَارِيًّاvoluntaryاقْتَرَنَcoupledبِهِwith itالتَّقْوَىpiety
And his patience here was voluntary, coupled with piety.
بِخِلَافِIn contrastصَبْرِهِhis patienceعَلَىagainstظُلْمِهِمtheir oppression
In contrast, his patience against their oppression.
فَإِنَّForذَلِكَthatكَانَwasمِنْfromبَابِthe door ofالْمَصَائِبِcalamitiesالَّتِيthatمِنْthose whoلَمْdid notيَصْبِرُواbe patientعَلَيْهَاto itصَبْرُthe patienceالْكِرَامِof the nobleسَلَامٌleavesسَلَوٌthe leavesالْبَهَائِمِof beasts
For that was from the door of calamities that those who did not endure to its patience left the leaves of the noble beasts.
وَالصَّبْرُAnd the patienceالثَّانِيthe secondأَفْضَلُbetterالصَّبْرَيْنِof the two types of patienceوَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَit was saidيُوسُفُYusufإِنَّهُIndeed heمِنْfromيَتَّقِيwho fearsوَيَصْبِرُand enduresفَإِنَّfor ifاللَّهَAllahلَاnotيُضِيعُwastesأَجْرَthe rewardالْمُحْسِنِينَof the good doers
And the second patience is better of the two types of patience, and for this it was said: 'Indeed, Yusuf said: Whoever fears and endures, indeed Allah does not waste the reward of the good doers.'
وَهَكَذَاAnd likewiseإِذَاifأُوذِيَhe was harmedالْمُؤْمِنُthe believerعَلَىforإِيمَانِهِhis faithوَطُلِبَand was askedمِنْهُfrom himالْكُفْرَto disbelieveأَوْorالْفُسُوقَto commit sinأَوْorالْعِصْيَانَto disobey
And likewise, if the believer is harmed for his faith and asked to disbelieve or to commit sin or to disobey.
وَإِنْAnd ifلَمْhe did notيَفْعَلْdoأُوذِيَhe was harmedوَعُوقِبَand punished
And if he does not do, he is harmed and punished.
فَاخْتَارَSo he choseالْأَذَىthe harmوَالْعُقُوبَةَand the punishmentعَلَىoverفِرَاقِthe separationدِينِهِof his religionإِمَّاeitherالْحَبْسِthe prisonأَوْorالْخُرُوجِthe exitمِنْfromبَلَدِهِhis country
So he chose the harm and the punishment over the separation from his religion, either the prison or the exit from his country.
كَمَاAsجَرَىoccurredلِلْمُهَاجِرِينَto the emigrantsحِينَwhenاخْتَارُواthey choseفِرَاقَthe separationالْأَوْطَانِof the homelandsعَلَىoverفِرَاقِthe separationالدِّينِof religion
As occurred to the emigrants when they chose the separation of the homelands over the separation of religion.
وَكَانُواAnd they wereيُعَذَّبُونَtorturedيُؤْذَوْنَharmed
And they were tortured and harmed.
وَقَدْAnd indeedأُوذِيَwas harmedالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ(peace be upon him)
And indeed the Prophet (peace be upon him) was harmed.
بِأَنْوَاعٍwith typesمِنَofالْأَذَىharm
with types of harm.
فَكَانَSo he wasيَصْبِرُpatientعَلَيْهَاagainst it.صَبْرًاthe patienceاخْتِيَارِيًّاvoluntary
So he was patient against it, a voluntary patience.
فَإِنَّهُIndeed, heإِنَّمَاonlyيُؤْذَىwas harmedلِئَلَّاso that notيَفْعَلَto doمَاwhatيَفْعَلُهُhe doesبِاخْتِيَارِهِby his choice.
Indeed, he was harmed so that he would not do what he does by his choice.
وَكَانَتْAnd this wasهَذَاgreaterأَعْظَمَthanمِنَtheصَبْرِpatienceيُوسُفَof Yusuf.
And this was greater than the patience of Yusuf.
لِأَنَّBecauseيُوسُفَYusufإِنَّمَاonlyطَلَبَrequestedمِنْهُfrom himالْفَاحِشَةَthe obscene.وَإِنَّمَاAnd he was punished onlyعُوقِبَpunishedإِذَاifلَمْdid notيَفْعَلْdoبِالْحَبْسِwith imprisonment.
Because Yusuf only requested him the obscene, and he was punished only if he did not do it with imprisonment.
وَالنَّبِيُّAnd the Prophetصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ(peace be upon him)
And the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions.
طَلَبُواThey requestedمِنْهُمْfrom themالْكُفْرَthe disbeliever.وَإِذَاAnd ifلَمْdid notيَفْعَلُواdo themطَلَبُواthey would requestعُقُوبَتَهُمْtheir punishmentبِالْقَتْلِby death.فَمَاSo whatدُونَهُis lesserوَأَهُونُand lessمَاwhatعُوقِبَthey were punishedبِهِby itالْحَبْسُthe prison.
They requested from them disbelief, and if they did not do so, they would request their punishment by death; so what was less and easier was imprisonment.
فَإِنَّFor ifالْمُشْرِكِينَthe polytheistsحَبَسُوهُimprisoned him.وَبَنِيAnd the sonsهَاشِمٍof Hashimبِالشَّعْبِin the tribeمُدَّةًfor a while.
For if the polytheists imprisoned him and the sons of Hashim for a while.
ثُمَّThenلَمَّاwhenمَاتَhe diedأَبُوthe fatherطَالِبٍTalib.اشْتَدُّواthey intensifiedعَلَيْهِagainst him.
Then when the father Talib died, they intensified against him.
فَلَمَّاSo whenبَايَعَتْthey pledged allegianceالْأَنْصَارَthe Ansar.وَعَرَفُواand they knewبِذَلِكَby that.صَارُواThey beganيَقْصِدُونَto aimمَنْعَهُto prevent himمِنْfromالْخُرُوجِleaving.وَيُحْبَسُونَهُAnd they imprisoned himهُوَheوَأَصْحَابَهُand his companions.
So when they pledged allegiance to the Ansar and knew by that, they began to aim to prevent him from leaving, and they imprisoned him and his companions.
عَنْfromذَلِكَthat.وَلَمْAnd noيَكُنْoneأَحَدٌto migrateيُهَاجِرmigrateإِلَّاexceptسِرًّاin secret.إِلَّاExceptعُمَرُUmarبْنِthe son ofالْخَطَّابِAl-Khattab.وَنَحْوَهُand his likes.
And no one was allowed to migrate except in secret, except Umar, the son of Al-Khattab and his likes.
فَكَانُواSo they wereقَدْalreadyأُجْبِرُواforced themإِلَىtoالْخُرُوجِleaveمِنْfromدِيَارِهِمْtheir homes.
So they were already forced to leave from their homes.
وَمَعَAnd with thisهَذَاthisمُنِعُواpreventedمِنْfromمَنْعِهِمُpreventing himمِنْهُمْfrom themعَنْaboutذَلِكَthatوَحُبِسُوهُand imprisoned him.
And with this, they prevented him from them about that and imprisoned him.
فَكَانَتْSo whatمَاwasحَصَلَachievedلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَfor the believersمِنَfromالْأَذَىharmوَالْمَصَائِبِand calamitiesهُوَit isبِاخْتِيَارِهِمby their choiceطَاعَةًobedienceلِلَّهِto Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His messenger.
So what was achieved for the believers from harm and calamities was by their choice, an obedience to Allah and His messenger.
لَمْnotيَكُنْfromمِنَthe calamitiesالْمَصَائِبِthe calamitiesالسَّمَاوِيَّةِheavenlyالَّتِيwhichتَجْرِيoccur withoutبِدُونِthe choiceالاِخْتِيَارِof the servant.
It was not from the calamities that occur without the choice of the servant.
مِنْFromجِنْسِthe kind ofحَبْسِimprisonmentيُوسُفَYusufلَاnotمِنْfromجِنْسِthe kind ofالتَّفْرِيقِseparationبَيْنِهِbetween himوَبَيْنَand betweenأَبِيهِhis father.
It was not from the kind of imprisonment of Yusuf, nor from the kind of separation between him and his father.
وَهَذَاAnd thisأَشْرَفُis more honorableمِنْthan the two kindsالنَّوْعَيْنِand those who belong to itوَأَهْلُهَاis greaterأَعْظَمُby degree.
And this is more honorable than the two kinds and those who belong to it are greater by degree.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَwasصَاحِبُthe owner ofالْمَصَائِبِcalamitiesيُثَابُis rewardedعَلَىforصَبْرِهِhis patienceوَرِضَاهُand approval.وَتُكَفِّرُAnd it expiatesعَنْهُfor himالذُّنُوبَthe sinsبِمَصَائِبِهِwith calamities.
And if the owner of calamities is rewarded for his patience and approval, and it expiates for him the sins with calamities.
فَإِنْFor ifهَذَاthisأُصِيبَwas afflictedوَأُوذِيَand harmedبِاخْتِيَارِهِby his choiceطَاعَةًobedienceلِلَّهِto Allah.يُثَابُis rewardedعَلَىforنَفْسِthe selfالْمَصَائِبِof calamitiesوَيُكْتَبُand he is writtenلَهُfor himبِهَاby themعَمَلٌgood deedصَالِحٌrighteous.
For if this was afflicted and harmed by his choice in obedience to Allah, he is rewarded for the self of calamities and good deeds are written for him by them.
قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىتعالىالتَّوْبَةُthe repentance.ذَلِكَThatبِأَنَّهُمْis because theyلَاdo notيَصِيبُهُمْafflict themظَمَاءٌthirstوَلَاand notنَصَبٌaffliction.وَلَاand notمَخْمَصَةٌdifficultiesفِيinسَبِيلِthe pathاللَّهِof Allah.وَلَاand notيَطَءُونَtreadمَوْطِئًاa groundيُغِيظُthat annoys.
He said: 'That is because they do not afflict them thirst, nor affliction in the path of Allah, and they do not tread a ground that annoys.