لَاNotيَرْضَاهَاhe is pleased with itوَلَاand notيُحِبُّهَاhe loves itوَإِنand ifكَانَتْit wasقَدْرُهَاits destinyوَقَضَاهَاand its decreeكَمَاasقَالَhe saidسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himالْبَقَرَةُthe Cow
He is not pleased with it and does not love it, even if its destiny and decree were as Allah, the Most High, said in Surah Al-Baqarah.
وَاللهُAnd Allahلَاdoes notيُحِبُّloveالْفَسَادَcorruptionوَقَالَand He saidتَعَالَىthe Exaltedالزُّمَرُthe Groups
And Allah does not love corruption, and He, the Most Exalted, said in Surah Az-Zumar.
وَلَاAnd does notيَرْضَىapproveلِعِبَادِهِHis servantsالْكُفْرَdisbeliefبَلْbutيَسْخَطُهُHe dislikes itكَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَىthe ExaltedمُحَمَّدٌMuhammad
And He does not approve of disbelief for His servants, but He dislikes it, as He, the Exalted, mentioned in Surah Muhammad.
ذَلِكَThatبِأَنَّهُمْis because theyاتَّبَعُواfollowedمَاwhatأَسْخَطَdispleasedاللَّهَAllahوَكَرهُواand hatedرِضْوَانَهُHis pleasureفَأَحْبَطَand so He invalidatedأَعْمَالَهُمْtheir deeds
That is because they followed what displeased Allah and hated His pleasure, so He invalidated their deeds.
وَقَالَتْAnd a group saidطَائِفَةٌa partyتَرْضَىis pleasedمِنْfromجِهَةٍthe aspectكَوْنِهَاof its beingمُضَافَةًadditionإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahخَلْقاًas creationوَتَسْخَطُand is displeasedمِنْfromجِهَةٍthe aspectكَوْنِهَاof its beingمُضَافَةًadditionإِلَىtoالْعَبْدِthe servantفِعْلاًactوَكَسْباًand profits
And a party said that it is pleased from the aspect of its being an addition to Allah as creation and is displeased from the aspect of its being an addition to the servant as an act and a profit.
وَهَذَاAnd thisلَاdoes notيُنَافِيcontradictالَّذِيwhat (is) before itبَلْbutهُمَاboth returnإِلَىtoأُصْلٍone originوَاحِدٍoneوَهُوَand that isسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himقَدْرَdecreedالْأَشْيَاءِthe thingsلِحِكْمَةٍfor wisdom
And this does not contradict what is before it; rather, both return to one origin, and that is Glory be to Him who decreed things for a wisdom.
فَهِيَSo they areلَا عِتْبَارَfor considering itتِلْكَthat (is) aالْحِكْمَةُwisdomمَحْبُوبَةٌlovedرَضِيَّةٌpleasingوَقَدْand mayتَكُونَbeفِيinنَفْسِهَاitselfمَكْرُوهَةًdislikedوَمَسْخُوطَةًand displeasing
So they are for considering that wisdom loved and pleasing, and may be in itself disliked and displeasing.
إِذْSinceالشَّيْءُthe thingالْوَاحِدُoneيَجْتَمِعُcombinesفِيهِin itوَصْفَانِtwo qualitiesيُحِبُّloveمِنْfromأَحَدِهِمَاone of themوَيَكْرَهُand hatesمِنْfromالْآخَرِthe other
Since the one thing combines in it two qualities: it is loved by one of them and hated by the other.
كَمَاAsفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe HadithالصَّحِيحِauthenticمَاwhatتَرَدَّدْتُI hesitateعَنْaboutشَيْءٍa thingأَنَاIفَاعِلُهُdo itتَرَدُّدِيmy hesitationعَنْaboutقَبْضِseizingنَفْسِsoulعَبْدِيof my servantالْمُؤْمِنِthe believer
As in the authentic Hadith, "I did not hesitate about any matter as I hesitate about seizing the soul of my believing servant."
يَكْرَهُhe hatesالْمَوْتَdeathوَأَكْرَهُand I dislikeمَسَاءَتَهُhis displeasureوَلَاand there is noبُدٌّescapeلَهُfor himمِنْهُfrom it
He hates death and I dislike his displeasure, and there is no escape for him from it.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forمَنْwhoقَالَsaidبِالرِّضَاabout approvalبِالْقَضَاءِof the decreeالَّذِيwhichهُوَisوَصْفٌa descriptionاللَّهِof Allahوَفِعْلُهُand His actionلَاnotبِالْمَقْضِيِّof that which is decreedالَّذِيthat whichهُوَisمُفَعَلُوهُthe doers of it
And as for whoever says about approval of the decree, which is a description of Allah and His action, not of that which is decreed, that which is being done.
فَهُوَHe isخُرُوجٌa departureمِنْهُfrom itعَنْfromمَقْصُودٍthe intendedالْكَلَامِspeechفَإِنَّfor indeedالْكَلَامُthe speechلَيْسَis notبِالرِّضَاabout the approvalفِيْمَاin whatيَقُومُstandsبِذَاتِby itselfالرَّبِّthe Lordتَعَالَىthe ExaltedمِنْofصِفَاتِهِHis attributesوَأَفْعَالِهِand His actions
He is a departure from the intended speech, for indeed, the speech is not about approval in what stands by itself of the Lord, the Exalted, from His attributes and actions.
وَإِنَّمَاAnd ratherالْكَلَامُthe speechفِيis aboutالرِّضَاthe approvalبِمَفْعُولَاتِهِof the actionsوَالْكَلَامُand the speechفِيمَاin whatيَتَعَلَّقُrelatesبِهَذَاto thisقَدْalreadyبَيَّنَاهُexplained itفِيinغَيْرِother thanهَذَاthisالْمَوْضِعِplace
And the speech is concerning the approval of actions, and the speech in what relates to this has already been explained in other than this place.
وَالرِّضَاAnd the approvalوَإِنْeven ifكَانَit isمِنْofأَعْمَالِthe actionsالْقُلُوبِof the heartsفَكَمَالُهُits perfectionهُوَisالْحَمْدُthe praiseحَتَّىso much so thatإِنْifبَعْضَهُمْsome of themفَسَّرَexplainedالْحَمْدَthe praiseبِالرِّضَاby approval
And the approval, even if it is of the actions of the hearts, its perfection is praise, so much so that some of them explained praise by approval.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisجَاءَcameفِيinالْكِتَابِthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةِand the SunnahحَمْدُpraiseاللَّهِAllahعَلَىuponكُلِّeveryحَالٍcondition
And for this came in the Book and the Sunnah praise of Allah upon every condition.
وَذَٰلِكَAnd thatيَتَضَمَّنُincludesبِمَقْضِيَّاتِهِwhat is decreedوَفِيand inالْحَدِيثِthe Hadithأَوَّلُthe firstمَنْwhoيُدْعَىis calledإِلَىtoالْجَنَّةِparadiseالْحَمَّادُونَthe laudersالَّذِينَwhoيَحْمَدُونَpraiseاللَّهَAllahفِيinالسَّرَّاءِeaseوَالضَّرَّاءِand hardship
And that includes what is decreed, and in the Hadith, those who are the first called to Paradise are the lauders who praise Allah in ease and hardship.
وَرَوَىAnd narratedعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace) أَنَّهُthat heكَانَwasإِذَاifأَتَاهُcame to himالأَمْرُthe matterيَسُرُّهُpleased himقَالَhe saidالْحَمْدُthe praiseلِلَّهِto Allahالَّذِيwhoبِنِعْمَتِهِby His graceتَتِمُّthe good worksالصَّالِحَاتُrighteous
And narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that when a matter that pleased him came to him, he said, "Praise be to Allah who, by His grace, completes the righteous works."
وَإِذَاAnd ifأَتَاهُcame to himالأَمْرُthe matterالَّذِيwhichيَسُوءُهُdispleased himقَالَhe saidالْحَمْدُthe praiseلِلَّهِto Allahعَلَىuponكُلِّeveryحَالٍcondition
And if a matter which displeased him came to him, he said, "Praise be to Allah upon every condition."
وَفِيAnd inمُسْنَدِthe Musnadالإِمَامِof the ImamأَحْمَدَAhmadعَنْfromأَبِيAbuمُوسَىMusaالْأَشْعَرِيِّthe Ash'ariعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace) قَالَsaidإِذَاifقَبَضَseizingوَلَدَa childالْعَبْدِthe servantيَقُولُhe saysاللَّهُAllahلِمَلَائِكَتِهِto His angels
And in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad from Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "When the child of a servant is seized, Allah says to His angels..."
أَقَبَضْتُمْHave you seizedوَلَدَthe childعَبْدِيof my servantفَيَقُولُونَthey sayنَعَمyesفَيَقُولُand He saysأَقَبَضْتُمْHave you seizedثَمَرَةَthe fruitفُؤَادِهِof his heartفَيَقُولُونَthey sayنَعَمyesفَيَقُولُand He saysمَاذَاwhatقَالَit saidفَيَقُولُونَthey sayحَمْدَكَYour praiseوَاسْتَرْجِعُكَand I seek refuge with You
Have you seized the child of my servant? They say, "Yes." He says, "Have you seized the fruit of his heart?" They say, "Yes." He says, "What did he say?" They say, "Your praise and I seek refuge with You."
فَيَقُولُThen He saysابْنُواBuildلِعَبْدِيfor my servantبَيْتاًa houseفِيinالْجَنَّةِParadiseوَاسْمُوهُand name itبَيْتَthe houseالْحَمْدِof praise
Then He says, 'Build for my servant a house in Paradise and name it the House of Praise.'
وَنَبِيُّنَاAnd our Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace) هُوَhe isصَاحِبُthe ownerلِوَاءِof the bannerالْحَمْدِof praiseوَأُمَّتُهُand his nationهُمْareالْحَمَّادُونَthe laudersالَّذِينَwhoيَحْمَدُونَpraiseاللَّهَAllahعَلَىuponالسَّرَّاءِeaseوَالضَّرَّاءِand hardship
And our Prophet (peace be upon him) is the owner of the banner of Praise, and his nation are the lauders who praise Allah in ease and hardship.
وَالرِّضَاAnd the approvalوَالحَمْدُand praiseعَلَىuponالضَّرَاءِhardshipيُوجِبُهُmakes necessaryشَاهِدَانِtwo witnessesأَحَدُهُمَاone of themعِلْمُknowledgeالْعَبْدِof the servantبِأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himمُسْتَوجَبٌis worthy
And approval and praise in hardship makes necessary two witnesses; one of them is the knowledge of the servant that Allah, Glory be to Him, is worthy.
لِذَلِكَof thatمُسْتَحِقٌّis deservingلَهُfor Himلِنَفْسِهِfor Himselfفَإِنَّهُfor indeed Heأَحْسَنَhas perfectedكُلَّeverythingشَيْءٍthingخَلَقَهُcreatedوَأَتْقَنَand perfectedكُلَّeveryشَيْءٍthing
Of that, He is deserving for Himself, for indeed, He has perfected everything He created and perfected everything.
وَهُوَAnd He isالْعَلِيمُthe All-Knowingالْحَكِيمُthe All-Wiseالْخَبِيرُthe All-Awareالرَّحِيمُthe Most Merciful
And He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise, the All-Aware, the Most Merciful.
وَالثَّانِيAnd the secondعِلْمُهُis his knowledgeبِأَنَّthatاخْتِيَارَthe choiceاللَّهَAllahلِعَبْدِهِfor His servantالْمُؤْمِنِthe believerخَيْرٌis betterمِنْthanاخْتِيَارِهِhis own choiceلِنَفْسِهِfor himself
And the second is his knowledge that Allah's choice for His believing servant is better than his own choice for himself.
كَمَاAsرَوَىnarratedمُسْلِمٌMuslimفِيinصَحِيحِهِhis authentic workوَغَيْرِهِand othersعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace) أَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaidوَالَّذِيAnd he whoنَفْسِيmy soulبِيَدِهِin His handلَاdoes notيَقْضِيdecreeاللَّهُAllahلِلْمُؤْمِنِfor the believerقَضَاءًa decreeإِلَّاexceptكَانَit wasخَيْرًاgoodلَهُfor him
As narrated by Muslim in his authentic work and others from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said, 'And he who my soul is in His hand, Allah does not decree for the believer except that it is good for him.'