حِينٌWhenقَالَhe saidخَلَفْتُI leftبِبَغْدَادَin Baghdadشَيْئًاsomethingأُحَدِّثُهُnewالزَّنَادِقَةُthe hereticsيَسْمُونهُthey call itالتَّغْيِيرَthe change
When he said, 'I left something in Baghdad, which the heretics call the change'.
يَصْدُونَthey divertبِهِwith itالنَّاسَthe peopleعَنْfromالْقُرْآنِthe Quran
they divert the people from the Quran.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forمَاwhat does notيَقْصِدهُintended by himالْإِنْسَانُthe humanمِنْfromالِاسْتِمَاعِlisteningفَلَاthen notيَتَرَتَّبُthere is a consequenceعَلَيْهِon itنَهْيٌprohibitionوَلَاand notذَمٌّreproachبِاتِّفَاقِby agreementالْأَئِمَّةِthe imams
And as for what the human does not intend from listening, there is neither prohibition nor reproach on it by agreement of the imams.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisإِنَّمَاindeed onlyيَتَرَتَّبُthere is a consequenceالذَّمُthe reproachوَالْمَدْحُand the praiseعَلَىonالِاسْتِمَاعِlisteningلَاnotعَلَىonالسَّمَاعِthe hearing
And for this, indeed only the reproach and the praise are based on listening, not on hearing.
فَالْمُسْتَمِعُSo the listenerلِلْقُرْآنِto the Quranيُثَابُis rewardedعَلَيْهِfor it
So the listener to the Quran is rewarded for it.
وَالسَّامِعُAnd the hearerلَهُto itمِنْfromغَيْرِwithoutقَصْدٍintentionلَاnotيُثَابُis rewardedعَلَىforذَلِكَthat
And the hearer of it, without intention, is not rewarded for that.
إِذْSinceالْأَعْمَالُthe actionsبِالنِّيَّاتِare by intentions
Since the actions are by intentions.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseمَاwhatيُنْهَىis prohibitedعَنْfromاسْتِمَاعِهِlistening to itمِنَfromالْمَلَاهِيِthe entertainments
And likewise what is prohibited from listening to it from the entertainments.
لَوْIfسَمِعَهَاhe hears itالسَّامِعُthe hearerبِدُونِwithoutقَصْدٍintentionلَمْnotيَضُرَّهُharm himذَلِكَthat
If the hearer hears it without intention, that does not harm him.
فَلَوْSo ifاسْتَمَعَhe listensالسَّامِعُthe listenerبَيْتًاto a poemيُنَاسِبُthat matchesبَعْضَsomeحَالِهِof his stateتَحَرَّكَتْit movesسَاكِنَتُهُits subjectالْمَحْمُودَةُpraiseworthyوَأَزْعَجَتْand disturbsقَاطِنَهَاits dwellerالْمُحَبَّبَةُbeloved
So if the listener listens to a poem that matches some of his state, it moves its subject and disturbs its beloved dweller.
أَوْOrتَمَثَّلَhe imaginesبِذَٰلِكَthatوَنَحْوَand suchذَلِكَthatلَمْnotيَكُنْbeذَلِكَthatمِمَّاfrom whatيُنْهَىis prohibitedعَنْهُof it
Or he imagines that, such that is not what is prohibited of it.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَتْit isالْمَحْمُودَةُthe praiseworthyالْحَسَنَةُgoodحَرَكَةًmovementقَلْبَهُof his heartالَّتِيwhichيُحِبُّهَاhe lovesاللَّهُAllahوَرَسُولُهُand His Messenger
And if it is the praiseworthy good movement of his heart that Allah and His Messenger love.
أَوْOrالَّتِيwhichتَتَضَمَّنُincludesفِعْلًاdoingمَاwhatيُحِبُّهُhe lovesاللَّهُAllahوَتَرْكًاand leavingمَاwhatيَكْرَهُهُhe dislikesكَالَّذِيlike one whoاجْتَازَpasses byبِبَيْتٍa houseفَسَمِعَand hearsقَائِلًاa speakerيَقُولُsayingكُلَّeveryيَوْمٍdayتَتَلَوَّنُyou reciteغَيْرَother thanهَذَاthisبِكَwith youأَجْمَلُis more beautiful
Or which includes doing what he loves Allah and leaving what he dislikes, like one who passes by a house and hears a speaker saying, 'Every day you recite better than this with you is more beautiful'.
فَأَخَذَSo he tookمِنْهُfrom itإِشَارَةًa hintتُنَاسِبُthat matchesحَالَهُhis stateفَإِنَّfor surelyإِلَىthe hintالإِشَارَةُis fromبَابِthe doorالْقِيَاسِmeasuringوَandالِاعْتِبَارِconsiderationوَandضَرْبِgivingالْأَمْثَالِexamples
So he took from it a hint that matches his state, for surely the hint is from the door of measuring, consideration, and giving examples.
وَمَسْأَلَةُAnd the issueالسَّمَاعِof listeningكَبِيرَةٌis greatمُنْتَشِرَةٌwidely spreadقَدْindeedتَكَلَّمْنَاwe have talkedعَلَيْهَاabout itفِيinغَيْرِother thanهَذَاthisالمَوْضِعِplace
And the issue of listening is great and widely spread, indeed we have talked about it in other than this place.
وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the purposeهَهُنَاhereأَنْis thatالْمَقَاصِدُthe goalsالْمَطْلُوبَةُthat are soughtلِلْمُرِيدِينَby seekersتَحْصُلُare attainedبِالسَّمَاعِby listeningالْإِيمَانِيِّthe faith-basedالْقُرْآنِيِّQuranicالنَّبَوِيِّpropheticالدِّيْنِيِّreligiousالشَّرْعِيِّlegal
And the purpose here is that the sought goals by seekers are attained by faith-based, Quranic, prophetic, and legal listening.
الَّذِيwhichيَسْمَعُis the listeningالنَّبِيِّينَof the prophetsوَandسَمَاعُthe listeningالْعَالَمِينَof the scholarsوَandسَمَاعُthe listeningالْعارِفِينَof the knowersوَandسَمَاعُthe listeningالْمُؤْمِنِينَof the believers
which is the listening of the prophets and the listening of the scholars and the listening of the knowers and the listening of the believers.
قَالَAllah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighمَرْيَمَMaryأُولَـٰئِكَthoseالَّذِينَwhoأَنْعَمَbestowedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِمupon themمِنَfromالنَّبِيِّينَthe prophetsمِنْfromذُرِّيَّةِthe descendantsآدَمَof Adam
Allah said, the Most High, 'Those who Allah bestowed upon them from the prophets, from the descendants of Adam'.
إِلَىtoقَوْلِهِHis sayingإِذَاWhenتُتْلَىrecitedعَلَيْهِمto themآيَاتُthe versesالرَّحْمَـٰنِof the Most Mercifulخَرُّواthey fellسُجَّدًاin prostrationوَبَكَوْاand wept
to His saying, 'When the verses of the Most Merciful are recited to them, they fall in prostration and weep'.
وَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالإِسْرَاءُAl-IsraإِنَّIndeedالَّذِينَthose whoأُوتُواwere givenالعِلْمَthe knowledgeمِنْfromقَبْلِهِbefore itإِذَاwhenيُتْلَىare recitedعَلَيْهِمto themيَخْرُونَthey fallلِلْأَذْقَانِto their chinsسُجَّدًاin prostration
And Allah said, the Most High, 'Indeed those who were given knowledge from before it, when it is recited to them, they fall to their chins in prostration'.
إِلَىtoقَوْلِهِHis sayingوَيَزِيدُهُمْand He increases themخُشُوعًاin humility
to His saying, 'and He increases them in humility'.
وَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالمَائِدَةُAl-MaidahوَإِذَاAnd whenسَمِعُواthey hearمَاwhatأُنزِلَwas revealedإِلَىtoالرَّسُولِthe Messengerتَرَىyou seeأَعْيُنَهُمْtheir eyesتَفِيضُpouringمِنَfromالدَّمْعِtearsمِمَّاbecause of whatعَرَفُواthey recognizedمِنَfromالْحَقِّthe truth
And Allah said, the Most High, 'And when they hear what was revealed to the Messenger, you see their eyes pouring tears because of what they recognized from the truth'.
وَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالْأَنْفَالُAl-AnfalإِنَّمَاIndeedالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersالَّذِينَwhoإِذَاwhenذُكِرَrememberedاللَّهُAllahوَجِلَتْtrembledقُلُوبُهُمْtheir heartsوَإِذَاand whenتُتْلَىthe verses are recitedعَلَيْهِمto themزَادَتْهُمْincreased themإِيمَانًاfaith
And Allah said, the Most High, 'Indeed the believers who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts tremble, and when the verses are recited to them, they are increased in faith'.
الْآيَةُthe verseوَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالزُّمَرُAz-ZumarاللَّهُAllahنَزَلَhas sent downأَحْسَنَthe bestالْحَدِيثِspeechكِتَابًاa bookمُتَشَابِهًاsimilarمَثَانِيَrepeatedتَقْشَعِرُquiversمِنْهُfrom itجُلُودُskinsالَّذِينَthose whoيَخْشَوْنَfearرَبَّهُمْtheir Lord
And Allah said, the Most High, 'Allah has sent down the best speech, a book similar, repeated, from which the skins of those who fear their Lord quiver'.
الْآيَةُthe verseوَكَماAnd just asمَدَحَHe praisedالْمُقْبِلِينَthose who approachعَلَىtowardsهَذَاthisالسَّمَاعَlisteningفَقَدْhe has indeedذَمَّreproachedالْمُعْرِضِينَthose who turn awayعَنْهُfrom it
And just as He praised those who approach this listening, He has indeed reproached those who turn away from it.
فِيInمِثْلِlikeقَوْلِهِHis sayingلُقْمَانَLuqmanوَandمِنَfromالنَّاسِthe peopleمِنَfromيَشْتَرِيthose who buyلَهْوَthe entertainmentالْحَدِيثِspeech
In like His saying, 'Luqman, and from the people are those who buy the entertainment speech'.
لِيُضِلَّto misleadعَنْfromسَبِيلِthe wayاللَّهِAllahبِغَيْرِwithoutعِلْمٍknowledgeوَيَتَّخِذَهَاand takes itهُزُوًاas a jestإِلَىtoقَوْلِهِHis saying
to mislead from the way of Allah without knowledge and takes it as a jest, to His saying.
وَإِذَاAnd whenتُتْلَىare recitedعَلَيْهِمto themآيَاتُنَاOur versesوَلَّىand he turnsمُسْتَكْبِرًاaway arrogantlyكَأَنَّهُas ifلَمْnotيَسْمَعْهَاheard them
And when Our verses are recited to them, he turns away arrogantly as if he did not hear them.
الْآيَةُthe verseوَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالْفُرْقَانُAl-Furqanوَالَّذِينَand those whoإِذَاwhenذُكِّرُواthey rememberبِآيَاتِby the versesرَبِّهِمof their Lordلَمْnotيَخِرُّواfallعَلَيْهَاon themصُمًّاdeafوَعُمْيَانًاand blind
And Allah said, the Most High, 'And those who, when they are reminded by the verses of their Lord, do not fall down upon them deaf and blind'.
وَقَالَAnd Allah saidتَعَالَىthe Most HighالْأَنْفَالُAl-AnfalوَلَوْAnd ifعَلِمَHe knewاللَّهُAllahفِيهِمin themخَيْرًاgoodلَأَسْمَعَهُمْHe would have made them hearالْآيَةَthe verse
And if Allah knew any good in them, He would have made them hear.