عَنْAboutوَلَاAnd notيَلْزَمُobligateمِنْfromذَٰلِكَthatأَنْtoيَدْخُلَenterفِيinلَفْظِthe termالْكَلَامِspeechالْمُطْلَقِabsolute
About this, it is not necessary that it be included in the term of absolute speech.
فَلَيْسَFor there is notفِيinلُغَةِthe languageالْقَوْمِof the peopleأَصْلًاat all
For there is not in the language of the people at all.
مَاWhatيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonأَنْthatمَاwhatفِيis inالنَّفْسِthe soulيَتَنَاوَلُهُis includedلَفْظُthe termالْكَلَامِspeechوَالْقَوْلُand speechالْمُطْلَقُabsoluteفَضْلًاlet aloneالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationوَالتَّكْذِيبِand denial
What indicates that what is in the soul is included in the term of speech and absolute speech, let alone affirmation and denial.
فَعُلِمَIt is knownأَنْthatمَنْwhoeverلَمْdid notيُصَدِّقْaffirmبِلِسَانِهِwith his tongue
It is known that whoever does not affirm with his tongue.
يُسَمَّىis calledفِيinلُغَةِthe languageالْقَوْمِof the peopleمُؤْمِنًاa believer
is called in the language of the people a believer.
كَمَاAsاتَّفَقَagreedعَلَىonذَٰلِكَthisسَلَفٌthe predecessorsالْأُمَّةِof the nationمِنْfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand those who followed themلَهُمْwith goodnessبِإِحْسَانٍin righteousness
As agreed upon by the predecessors of the nation from the companions and those who followed them in goodness.
وَقَوْلِAnd the sayingعُمَرَof Omarرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith himعَنْهُsaidزَوَّرْتُI fabricatedفِيinنَفْسِيmyselfمَقَالَةًa sayingأَرَدْتُI wantedأَنْtoأَقُولَهَاsay it
And the saying of Omar may Allah be pleased with him: 'I fabricated a saying in myself that I wanted to say.'
حُجَّةٌis evidenceعَلَيْهِمْagainst them
is evidence against them.
قَالَHe saidأَبُوAbuعُبَيْدٍUbaidالتَّزْوِيرُThe fabricationإِصْلاحُis the reformingالْكَلَامِof speechوَتَهْيِئَتِهِand preparing it
Ubaid said, 'The fabrication is the reforming of speech and preparing it.'
قَالَAnd he saidأَبُوAbuزَيْدٍZaidالمُزَوَّرُThe fabricatedمِنْofالْكَلَامِthe speechوَالْمُزَوَّقُand the adornedواحِدٌoneوَهُوَand it isالْمُصْلِحُthe reformerالْحَسَنُthe good
And he said, 'The fabricated speech and the adorned are one, and it is the good reformer.'
وَقَالَAnd he saidغَيْرُهُothersزَوَّرْتُI fabricatedفِيinنَفْسِيmyselfمَقَالَةًa sayingأَيْmeaningهَيَّْأْتُهَاI prepared itلِأَقُولَهَاto say it
Others said, 'I fabricated in myself a saying, meaning that I prepared it to say it.'
فَلَفْظَهَاAnd its wordingيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُit isقَدْرٌpossibilityفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfمَاwhatيُرِيدُhe desiresأَنْtoيَقُولَsayوَلَمْand did notيَقُلْهُsay it
And its wording indicates that it is the possibility in himself of what he desires to say, and did not say it.
فَعُلِمَIt is knownأَنَّهُthat it is notلَاnotيَكُونَit will beقَوْلًاa sayingإِلَّاunlessإِذَاifقِيلَit is saidبِاللِّسَانِwith the tongue
It is known that it will not be a saying unless it is said with the tongue.
وَقَبْلَAnd beforeذَٰلِكَthatلَمْnotيَكُنْbeقَوْلًاa sayingلَكِنْbutكَانَwasمُقَدَّرًاanticipatedفِيinالنَّفْسِthe soulيُرَادُwantedأَنْtoيُقَالَbe said
But before that, it was not a saying, but was anticipated in the soul to be said.
كَمَاAsيُقَدِّرُone estimatesالْإِنْسَانُa personفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfأَنَّهُthat heيَحُجُّperforms pilgrimageوَأَنَّهُand that heيُصَلِّيpraysوَأَنَّهُand that heيُسَافِرُtravelsإِلَىtoغَيْرِotherذَٰلِكَthat
As a person estimates in himself that he performs pilgrimage, and that he prays, and that he travels to other than that.
فَيَكُونُSo it becomesلِمَاfor whatيُرِيدُhe wantsمِنْfromالْقَوْلِspeechوَالْعَمَلِand actionصُورَةًan imageذِهْنِيَّةًmentalمُقَدَّرَةًanticipatedفِيinالنَّفْسِthe soul
So it becomes for what he wants of speech and action a mental image anticipated in the soul.
وَلَكِنْButلَاnotيُسَمَّىis calledقَوْلًاa sayingوَعَمَلًاand actionإِلَّاunlessإِذَاifوُجِدَتْfoundفِيinالْخَارِجِthe outside
But it is not called a saying and action unless it is found in the outside.
كَمَاAsأَنَّهُthat it is notلَاnotيَكُونَbeحَاجًّاa pilgrimوَمُصَلِّيًاand a prayerإِلَّاunlessإِذَاifوُجِدَتْfoundهَذِهِtheseالأَفْعَالُactionsفِيinالْخَارِجِthe outside
As it is not a pilgrim and a prayer unless these actions are found in the outside.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonكَانَwasمَاwhatيَهُمُّworriesبِهِis aboutالْمَرْءُa personمِنْofالأَقْوَالِthe sayingsالْمُحَرَّمَةِforbiddenوَالْأَفْعَالِand the actionsالْمُحَرَّمَةِforbiddenلَاnotتُكْتَبُwrittenعَلَيْهِon himحَتَّىuntilيَقُولَهَاhe says itوَيَفْعَلَهَاand does it
And for this reason, what worries a person about the forbidden sayings and forbidden actions is not written against him until he says it and does it.
وَمَاAnd whateverيَنْوِيhe intendsبِهِby itمِنْofالْقَوْلِthe speechالْحَسَنِthe goodوَالْعَمَلِand actionالْحَسَنِthe goodإِنَّمَاonlyيُكْتَبُwrittenلَهُfor himبِهِby itحَسَنَةٌone good deedواحِدَةٌone
And whatever he intends by it of good speech and good action is only written for him as one good deed.
فَإِذَاSo whenصَارَit becomesقَوْلًاa sayingوَفِعْلًاand actionكُتِبَwrittenلَهُfor himبِهِby itعَشَرٌtenحَسَنَاتٍgood deedsإِلَىtoسَبْعِمِئَةٍseven hundred
So when it becomes a saying and action, it is written for him as ten good deeds to seven hundred.
وَعُوقِبَAnd he is punishedعَلَيْهِfor it(إِذَا(ifقَالَhe saysأَوْorفَعَلَ)does)
And he is punished for it (if he says or does it).
كَمَاAsقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺmay peace be upon himإِنَّIndeedاللَّهَAllahتَجَاوَزَhas forgivenلِأُمَّتِيfor my nationعَمَّabout whatتُحْدِثُhappensبِهَاby itأَنْفُسُهَاthemselvesمَاwhatلَمْnotتَتَكَلَّمْspeakبِهِby itأَوْorتَعْمَلْdo
As the Prophet may peace be upon him said, 'Indeed, Allah has forgiven my nation for what happens within themselves as long as they do not speak it or act upon it.'
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالْبَيْتِthe verseالَّذِيwhichيُحْكَىis narratedعَنْaboutالأَخْطَلِal-Akhtalأَنَّهُthat he saidإِنَّIndeedالْكَلَامَspeechلَفِيis inالْفُؤَادِthe heartوَإِنَّمَاand it is onlyجُعِلَتِmadeاللِّسَانُthe tongueعَلَىonالْفُؤَادِthe heartدَلِيلًاa witness
And as for the verse that is narrated about al-Akhtal that he said, 'Indeed, speech is in the heart, and it is only that the tongue is made a witness over the heart.'
فَمِنَSo someالنَّاسِpeopleمُنْكِرٌdeniedأَنْthat it isيَكُونَisهَذَاthisمِنْofشِعْرِهِhis poetryوَقَالُواand they saidإِنَّهُمْthat theyفَتَشُواsearchedدَوَاوِينَهُhis collectionsفَلَمْbut they did notيَجِدُوهُfind it
So some people denied that this is of his poetry and they said that they searched his collections but did not find it.
وَهَذَاAnd thisيُرْوَىis narratedعَنْfromأَبِيAbuمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadبِنْbinالْخَشَّابِal-Khashabوَقَالَand he saidبَعْضُهُمْsome of themلَفْظُهُits wordingإِنَّthatالْبَيَانَthe statementلَفِيis inالْفُؤَادِthe heart
And this is narrated from Abu Muhammad bin al-Khashab, and some of them said its wording is that the statement is in the heart.