يُسَمَّىis calledالأَعْمَالُthe deedsالْوَاجِبَةُrequiredمِنْfromتَمَامِthe completionالإِيمَانِof faithلَاnotتُحْصَىcountedكَثْرَةٌa multitudeبِخِلَافِunlikeدَلَالَتِهِhis indicationعَلَىofأَنَّهُthat it isإِيمَانًاfaith,,إِلَّاexceptمَاwhatمَاتَdiedالرَّجُلُthe manعَلَيْهِon it,,فَإِنَّهُfor itلَيْسَthere is notفِيinالشَّرْعِthe lawمَاwhatيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonهَذَاthis,,وَهُوَand it isقَوْلٌa sayingمُحْدَثٌnewly innovatedلَمْdid notيَقُلْهُsay itأَحَدٌanyoneمِنَofالسَّلَفِthe predecessors,,لَكِنَّbutهَؤُلَاءِtheseظَنُّواassumedأَنَّthatالَّذِينَthoseاسْتَثْنَوْاexcludedفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithمِنَofالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsكَانَwasهَذَاthisمَأْخَذَهُمْtheir reference,,لِأَنَّbecauseهَؤُلَاءِtheseوَأَمْثَالَهُمْand their likesلَمْdid notيَكُونُواbeخَبِيرِينَexpertsبِكَلَامِwith the speechالسَّلَفِof the predecessors,,بَلْratherيَنْصُرُونَthey supportمَاwhatيَظْهَرُappearsمِنْofأَقْوَالِهِمtheir sayingsبِمَاwith whatتَلَقَّوْهُthey receivedعَنْfromالْمُتَكَلِّمِينَthe speakersمِنَofالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmitesوَنَحْوِهِمand their likesمِنَofأَهْلِthe peopleالْبِدَعِof innovation,,فَيَبْقَىtherefore remainsالظَّاهِرُthe apparentقَوْلٌsayingالسَّلَفِthe predecessors,,وَالْبَاطِنُand the hiddenقَوْلٌsayingالْجَهْمِيَّةِof the Jahmitesالَّذِينَwhoهُمْareأَفْسَدُthe most corruptالنَّاسُof peopleمَقَالَةٌstatementفِيinالإِيمَانِfaith,,وَسَنَذْكُرُand we will mentionـ-إِنifشَاءَwilledاللَّهُGod––أَقْوَالٌsayingsفِيinالِاسْتِثْنَاءِthe exceptionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaith,,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonلَمَّاwhenصَارَbecameيَظْهَرُappearsلِبَعْضِto someأَتْبَاعِfollowersأَبِيof AbuالْحَسَنِAl-Hasanالسَّلَفِthe predecessors,,الطَّاعَاتِthe acts of obedience,,فَسَادَتْthe corruptionقَوْلَsayingجَهْمٍJahmفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithخَالَفَهُcontradicted himكَثِيرٌmanyمِنْهُمof themفَمِنْهُمso among themمِنَsomeتَبِعَfollowedالسَّلَفَthe predecessors.
The required deeds from the completion of faith are countless unlike its indication that it is faith, except what the man died upon, for there is nothing in the law that indicates this, and it is a newly innovated saying that no one from the predecessors said, but these assumed that those excluded in faith from the predecessors had this as their reference because these and their likes were not experts with the speech of the predecessors, rather they support what appears from their sayings with what they received from the speakers of the Jahmites and their likes from the people of innovation, therefore the apparent saying is that of the predecessors, and the hidden saying is that of the Jahmites who are the most corrupt of people regarding their statement in faith. And we will mention, if God wills, the sayings in the exception in faith, and for this reason when it became apparent to some of the followers of Abu Al-Hasan to the predecessors, the corruption of Jahm’s saying in faith, many of them contradicted him; so among them were those who followed the predecessors.
قَالَsaidأَبُوAbuالْقَاسِمِAl-Qasimالْأَنْصَارِيُّthe Ansariشَيْخِthe sheikhالشَّهْرَسْتَانِيُّAl-Shahrastaniفِيinشَرْحِthe explanationالإِرْشَادِof the Guidanceلِأَبِيof AbuالمَعَالِيAl-Maali,,بَعْدَafterأَنْthatذَكَرَhe mentionedقَوْلَsayingأَصْحَابِهِof his companionsقَالَsaid::وَذَهَبَand wentأَهْلُthe peopleالْأَثَرِof the narrationإِلَىtoأَنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithجَمِيعًاallفَرْضَهَاits obligationsوَنَفْلَهَاand its supererogatory actsوَعَبَّرُواand they expressedعَنْهُabout itبِأَنَّهُthat it isإِتِيَانًاthe coming toمَاwhateverأَمَرَHe commandedبِهِwith itفَرْضًاas an obligationوَنَفْلًاand as supererogatory,,وَالْاِنْتِهَاءِand the refrainingعَمَّاfrom whatنَهَىHe forbadeعَنْهُitتَحْرِيمًاas an unlawful actوَأَدَبًand as a mannerly behavior..
Abu Al-Qasim Al-Ansari, the sheikh of Al-Shahrastani, said in the explanation of 'The Guidance' of Abu Al-Maali, after he mentioned the saying of his companions, said: 'And the people of narration went to the opinion that faith involves all its obligations and supererogatory acts, and they expressed it as the act of what He commanded as an obligation and supererogatory, and the refraining from what He forbade as an unlawful act and mannerly behavior.'
قَالَsaid::وَبِهِand with thatكَانَwasيَقُولُsayingأَبُوAbuعَلِيٍّAliالثَّقَفِيُّAl-Thaqafiمِنْofمُتَقَدِّمِيthe earlyأَصْحَابِنَاof our companions,,وَأَبُوand AbuالْعَبَّاسِAl-AbbasالْقَلَانِسِيِّAl-Qalansi..
Abu Ali Al-Thaqafi from the early companions of ours, and Abu Al-Abbas Al-Qalansi said: 'And with that was what he used to say.'
وَقَدْand hasمَالَleanedإِلَىtowardهَذَاthisالْمَذْهَبِopinionأَبُوAbuعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahابْنَIbnمُجَاهِدٍMujahidقَالَsaid::وَهَذَاand thisقَوْلٌsayingمَالِكِof MalikابْنِIbnأَنَسٍAnasإِمَامِthe Imamدَارِof the houseالْهِجْرَةِof Migrationوَمُعْظَمِand most ofأَئِمَّةِthe Imamsالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith Allahعَلَيْهِمْupon themأَجْمَعِينَall..
Abdullah Ibn Mujahid has leaned toward this opinion and said: 'And this is the saying of Malik Ibn Anas, the Imam of the house of Migration and most of the Imams of the predecessors, may Allah be pleased with them all.'
وَكَانُواAnd they wereيَقُولُونَsaying::الإِيمَانُFaithمَعْرِفَةًis knowledge بِالْقَلْبِof the heart,,وَإِقْرَارًاand affirmationبِاللِّسَانِby the tongue,,وَعَمَلًاand actionبِالْأَرْكَانِby the pillars..
And they were saying: 'Faith is knowledge of the heart, affirmation by the tongue, and action by the pillars.'
وَمِنْهُمAnd among themمِنَare those whoيَقُولُونَsayبِقَوْلِthe sayingالْمُرْجِئَةِof the Murji'ah.,,إِنَّهُThat it isالتَّصْدِيقُthe affirmationبِالْقَلْبِby the heartوَاللِّسَانِand the tongue..
And among them are those who say the saying of the Murji'ah: 'That it is affirmation by the heart and by the tongue.'
وَمِنْهُمAnd among themمِنَare those whoقَالُواsaid::إِذَاifتَرَكَhe leavesالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationبِاللِّسَانِby the tongueعِنَادًاout of obstinacyكَانَhe isكَافِرًاdisbelieverبِالشَّرْعِin the law,,وَإِنeven ifكَانَhe wasفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationوَالْعِلْمَand knowledge.,,وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseقَالَsaidأَبُوAbuإِسْحَاقَIshaqالإِسْفَرَائِينِيُّAl-Isfarayini..
And among them are those who said: 'If he leaves the affirmation by the tongue out of obstinacy, he is a disbeliever in the law, even if he has the affirmation and knowledge in his heart.' And likewise said Abu Ishaq Al-Isfarayini.
قَالَsaidالْأَنْصَارِيُّthe Ansari::رَأَيْتُI sawفِيinتَصَانِيفِهِhis writingsأَنَّthatالْمُؤْمِنَthe believerإِنَّمَاonlyيَكُونُisمُؤْمِنًاa believerحَقًّاtrulyإِذَاifحَقَّقَhe fulfillsإِيمَانَهُhis faithبِالْأَعْمَالِby the righteous deedsالصَّالِحَةِrighteous,,,كَمَاjust asأَنَّthatالْعَالِمَthe scholarإِنَّمَاonlyيَكُونُisعَالِمًاa scholarحَقًّاtrulyإِذَاifعَمِلَhe actsبِمَاwith whatعَلِمَhe knows,,,وَاسْتَشْهَدَand he citedبِقَوْلِby the sayingاللَّهِof Godتَعَالَىthe Most High: ﴿إِنَّمَاIndeed, theالْمُؤْمِنُونَbelieversالَّذِينَwhoإِذَاwhenذُكِرَmentionedاللَّهُGod,,وَجِلَتْand trembledقُلُوبُهُمْtheir hearts.::(۱)(1)فِيinالْهِنْدِيَّةِthe Indian texts: :تَحْرِيمًاas an unlawful actوَأَذًىand permission..
Al-Ansari said: 'I saw in his writings that the believer is only a true believer if he fulfills his faith by the righteous deeds, just as the scholar is only a true scholar if he acts according to what he knows, and he cited by the saying of God the Most High: 'Indeed, the believers are those who, when God is mentioned, their hearts tremble.' (1) In the Indian texts: 'as an unlawful act and permission.'