فَإنَّSo ifقَالَhe said::فَلَمْthen whyقُلْتُمْdid you say::إِنَّthatمَعْنَىthe meaningالإِسْلَامِof Islamمَاwhatوَصَفْتُمْyou described؟?
So if he said: then why did you say that the meaning of Islam is what you described?
قِيلَIt was said::لِأَجْلِbecause ofقَوْلِهِHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Most High::قَالَتِsaidالأَعْرَابُthe Bedouinsوَآمَنَّاand we believed::قُلْSay::لَمْnotتُؤْمِنُواyou have believedوَلَكِنbutقُولُواsayأَسْلَمْنَاwe have submitted
It was said: because of His saying the Most High: 'The Bedouins say: We have believed.' Say: 'You have not believed, but say: We have submitted.'
فَنَفَىSo He negatedعَنْهُمْfrom themالإِيمَانَthe faithوَأَثْبَتَand affirmedلَهُمْfor themالإِسْلَامَIslam,,وَإِنَّمَاand onlyأَرَادَintendedبِمَاby whatأَثْبَتَهُHe affirmedالِانْقِيَادَthe submissionوَالاِسْتِسْلَامَand surrender
So He negated faith from them and affirmed Islam for them, and He intended by what He affirmed the submission and surrender.
وَمِنْهُمْAnd among them::وَأَلْقَوْاAnd they submittedإِلَيْكُمُto youالسَّلَمَthe peace
And among them: 'And they submitted to you the peace.'
وَكُلُّAnd whoeverمِنْofاسْتَسْلَمَsubmittedلِشَيْءٍto somethingفَقَدْhasأَسْلَمَsubmitted,,وَإِنْand ifكَانَit isأَكْثَرَmostمَاof whatيُسْتَعْمَلُis usedذَلِكَthatفِيinالْمُسْتَسْلِمِthe submitterلِلَّهِto Allahوَلِنَبِيِّهِand to His Prophet.
And whoever submits to something has submitted, and if it is most often used in the context of one who submits to Allah and His Prophet.
قُلتُI said::وَهَذَاAnd thisالَّذِيwhichذَكَرُوهُthey mentionedمَعَwithبُطْلَانِهِits falsityوَمُخَالَفَتِهِand its oppositionلِلْكِتَابِto the Bookوَالسُّنَّةِand the Sunnahهُوَisتَنَاقُضٌa contradiction.
I said: And this which they mentioned, with its falsity and its opposition to the Book and the Sunnah, is a contradiction.
فَإِنَّهُمْFor theyجَعَلُواmadeالإِيمَانَfaithخَصْلَةًa characteristicمِنْofخِصَالِthe traitsالإِسْلَامِof Islam.
For they made faith a characteristic of the traits of Islam.
فَاطِعَاتُSo the acts of obedienceكُلُّهَاall of themإِسْلَامٌare Islam,,وَلَيْسَand there is noفِيْهَاin themإِيمَانٌfaithإِلَّاexceptالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationوَالْمُرْجِئَةُand the Murji'ah.
So all acts of obedience are Islam, and there is no faith in them except for affirmation and the Murji'ah.
وَإِنْAnd ifقَالُواthey said::إِنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithيَتَضَمَّنُincludesالإِسْلَامَIslam,,فَهُمْtheyيَقُولُونَsay::الإِيمَانُFaith:: هُوَit isتَصْدِيقٌafffirmationالْقَلْبِof the heartوَاللِّسَانِand the tongueوَأَمَّاAnd as forالْجَهْمِيَّةُthe Jahmites,فَيَجْعَلُونَهُthey make itتَصْدِيقَthe affirmationالْقَلْبِof the heart,فَلَاso it is notتَكُونُthe tahoodالشَّهَادَتَانِthe two testimonialsوَلَاnorالصَّلَاةَthe prayer,وَلَاnorالزَّكَاةَthe alms,وَلَاnorغَيْرَهَاothersمِنْofالإِيمَانِfaith.
And if they said: that faith includes Islam, they say: faith is the affirmation of the heart and the tongue, and as for the Jahmites, they make it the affirmation of the heart, so the two testimonials, nor the prayer, nor the alms, nor others are of faith.
وَقَدْAnd indeedتَقَدَّمَit was statedمَاwhatبَيَّنَهُwas clarifiedاللَّهُAllahوَرَسُولُهُand His MessengerمِنْofأَنَّthatالإِسْلَامَIslamداخِلٌis includedفِيinالإِيمَانِfaith.
And indeed it was stated what was clarified by Allah and His Messenger that Islam is included in faith.
فَلَاSo it is notيَكُونَbeالرَّجُلُthe manمُؤْمِنًاa believerحَتَّىuntilيَكُونَhe isمُسْلِمًاa Muslim,كَمَاjust asأَنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithداخِلٌis includedفِيinالإِحْسَانِexcellence,فَلَاso it is notيَكُونَbeمُحْسِنًاa good-doerحَتَّىuntilيَكُونَhe isمُؤْمِنًاa believer.
So a man cannot be a believer until he is a Muslim, just as faith is included in excellence, so one cannot be a good-doer until he is a believer.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالتَّنَاقُضِthe contradiction,فَإِنَّهُمْif theyإِذَاwhenقَالُواthey said::الإِيمَانُfaithخَصْلَةٌis a characteristicمِنْofخِصَالِthe traitsالإِسْلَامِof Islam,كَانَit wasمِنْfromأَتَىone who cameبِالإِيمَانِwith the faithإِنَّمَاonlyأَتَىcameبِخَصْلَةٍwith a characteristicمِنْofخِصَالِthe traitsالإِسْلَامِof Islam,لَاnotبِالإِسْلَامِwith the obligatory Islamالْوَاجِبِobligatoryجَمِيعِهِall of it,فَلَاso it is notيَكُونَbeمُسْلِمًاa Muslimحَتَّىuntilيَأْتِيَhe bringsبِالإِسْلَامِwith the whole Islam.
And as for the contradiction, if they said: faith is a characteristic of the traits of Islam, then whoever comes with faith has only brought a characteristic of the traits of Islam, not the required Islam in total, and so he cannot be a Muslim until he brings all of Islam.
كَمَاJust asلَاthere is noيَكُونَbeعِندَهُمْwith themمُؤْمِنًاa believer,حَتَّىuntilيَأْتِيَhe bringsبِالإِيمَانِall of the faithكُلِّهِin full.وَإِلَّاOtherwise,فَمَنْfor whoeverأَتَىbringsبِبَعْضِwith part ofالإِيمَانِfaithعِندَهُمْwith themلَاdoes notيَكُونُbeمُؤْمِنًاa believer,وَلَاnorفِيهِin itشَيْءٌanythingمِنْofالإِيمَانِfaith.
Just as there is no being a believer with them until he brings all of the faith in full. Otherwise, whoever brings part of the faith with them does not become a believer, nor is there anything of faith in him.
فَكَذَلِكَSimilarly,يَجِبُit mustأَنْthatيَقُولُواthey sayفِيinالإِسْلَامِ,وَقَدْand indeedقَالُوا: كُلُّeveryإِيمَانٍfaithإِسْلَامٌis Islamوَلَيْسَand notكُلُّeveryإِسْلَامٍIslamإِيمَانًاis a faith.
Similarly, they must say in Islam, and indeed they said: every faith is Islam, and not every Islam is a faith.
وَهَذَاThisإِنْifأَرَادُواthey aimedبِهِby itأَنْthatكُلَّeveryإِيمَانٍfaithهُوَisالإِسْلَامُthe Islamالَّذِيthatأُمِرَwas commandedاللَّهُby Allah,,بِهِby itنَاقَضَit contradictsقَوْلَهُمْtheir sayingإِنَّthatالإِيمَانَthe faithخَصْلَةٌis a sortمِنْofخِصَالِهِمits traits,فَجَعَلُواso they madeالإِيمَانَfaithبَعْضَهُpart of itوَلَمْand did notيَجْعَلُوهُmake itإِيَّاهthe same.
This, if they aimed by it that every faith is the Islam that Allah commanded, contradicts their saying that the faith is a sort of its traits.
وَإِنْAnd ifقَالُواthey said::كُلُّeveryإِيمَانٍfaithفَهُوَisإِسْلَامٌIslam,,أَيْthat isهُوَisطَاعَةٌobedience ofاللَّهِAllah,وَهُوَand it isجُزْءٌpartمِنَofالإِسْلَامِIslamالْوَاجِبِthat is obligatory,وَهَذَاand thisمُرَادُهُمْis their intention.
And if they said: every faith is Islam, that is, it is obedience to Allah, and it is a part of the obligatory Islam, this is their intention.
قِيلَIt was said::فَعَلَىSo onهَذَاthisيَكُونَisالإِسْلَامُIslamمُتَعَدِّدًاmultipleبِتَعَدُّدِby the multiplicityالطَّاعَاتِof acts of obedienceوَتَكُونُand it would beالشَّهَادَتَانِthe two testimonialsوَحْدَهُمَاaloneإِسْلَامًاas Islam,,,وَالصَّلَاةُand the prayerوَحْدَهَاaloneإِسْلَامًاis Islam,,,وَالزَّكَاةُand the almsإِسْلَامًاis Islam,,,بَلْratherكُلُّeveryدِرْهَمٍdirhamتُعْطِيَهُyou giveلِلْفَقِيرِto the poorإِسْلَامًاis Islam,,,وَكُلُّand everyسُجْدَةٍprostrationإِسْلَامٌis Islam,,,وَكُلُّand everyيَوْمٍdayتَصُومُهُyou fastإِسْلَامًاis Islam,,,وَكُلُّand everyتَسْبِيحَةٍdhikr (remembrance of Allah)تُسَبِّحُهَاyou reciteفِيinالصَّلَاةِthe prayerأَوْorغَيْرِهَاother than itإِسْلَامًاis Islam.
It was said: So on this, Islam is multiple by the multiplicity of acts of obedience, and the two testimonials alone are Islam, and the prayer alone is Islam, and the alms is Islam; rather, every dirham you give to the poor is Islam, and every prostration is Islam, and every day you fast is Islam, and every dhikr (remembrance of Allah) you recite in the prayer or otherwise is Islam.