وَعَمَلَand workوَالنِّيَّةُ،and intention,قَالَhe said::الْقَوْلُthe statementيَتَنَاوَلُincludesالْاعْتِقَادُthe beliefوَقَوْلُand the sayingاللِّسَانِof the tongueوَأَمَّاand as forالْعَمَلُthe workفَقَدْit mayلَاnotيُفْهَمَbe understoodمِنْهُfrom itالنِّيَّةُ،the intention,فَزَادَso it was addedذَلِكَ،that,وَمِنْand fromزَادَincreasedاتِّبَاعِfollowingالسُّنَّةِ،the Sunnah,فَلَأَنَّfor thatذَلِكَthatكُلَّهُallلَاnotيَكُونَbeمَحْبُوبًاbelovedعِنْدَbyاللَّهِAllahإِلَّاexceptبِاتِّبَاعِby followingالسُّنَّةِ،the Sunnah,وَأُولَـٰئِكَand thoseلَمْdid notيُرِيدُواwantكُلَّeveryقَوْلٍsayingوَعَمَلٍ،and work,إِنَمَاratherأَرَادُواthey wantedمَاwhatكَانَwasمَشْرُوعًاlegislatedمِنَofالْأَقْوَالِthe sayingsوَالْأَعْمَالِand the worksوَلَكِنَّbutكَانَwasمَقْصُودُهُمْtheir intentionالرَّدَّthe refutationعَلَىagainstالْمُرْجِئَةِthe Murji’ahالَّذِينَwhoجَعَلُوهُmade itقَوْلًاa sayingفَقَط،only,فَقَالُواso they said::بَلْbutهُوَit isقَوْلٌsayingوَعَمَلٌ،and work,وَالَّذِينَand those whoجَعَلُوهُmade itأَرْبَعَةَfourأَقْسَامٍcategoriesفَسَّرُواinterpretedمُرَادَهُمْtheir intentكَمَاasسُئِلَwas askedسَهْلٌSahlبِنْbinعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahالتُّسْتَرِيِّal-Tustariعَنْaboutالإِيمَانِfaith:مَاwhatهُوَis?فَقَالَHe said:::قَوْلٌspeechوَعَمَلٌand actionوَنِيَّةٌand intentionوَسُنَّةٌ،and practice,لِأَنَّbecauseالإِيمَانَfaithإِذَاifكَانَit wasقَوْلًاa sayingبِلاَwithoutعَمَلٍ،action,فَهُوَit isكُفْرٌ،disbelief,وَإِذَاand ifكَانَit wasقَوْلًاa sayingوَعَمَلًاand actionبِلاَwithoutنِيَّةٍ،intention,فَهُوَit isنِفَاقٌ،hypocrisy,وَإِذَاand ifكَانَit wasقَوْلًاa sayingوَعَمَلًاand actionوَنِيَّةًand intentionبِلاَwithoutسُنَّةٍSunnahفَهُوَit isبِدْعَةٌinnovation.
And work and intention, he said: The statement includes belief and the saying of the tongue. As for the work, it may not be understood from it the intention; so it was added. And whoever increases in following the Sunnah, for that all of it is not beloved by Allah except by following the Sunnah. And those did not want all saying and action, rather they wanted what was legislated from sayings and actions, but their intention was to refute the Murji’ah who made it only a saying, so they said: rather it is saying and action. And those who made it four categories interpreted their intent as Sahl bin Abdullah al-Tustari was asked about faith: what is it? He said: saying and action and intention and practice, because if faith was a saying without action, it is disbelief, and if it was a saying and action without intention, it is hypocrisy, and if it was a saying and action and intention without practice, it is innovation.
فَصْلٌsection.
Section.
وَعَطْفُAnd the conjunctionالْشَّيْءِof the thingعَلَىtoالشَّيْءِthe thingفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Qur'anوَسَائِرِand the rest ofالْكَلَامِthe speechيَقْتَضِيrequiresمُغَايَرَةًdifferentiationبَيْنَbetweenالْمَعْطُوفِthe conjunctionوَالْمَعْطُوفِand the mentioned itemعَلَيْهِon itمَعَwithاشْتِرَاكِsharingالْمَعْطُوفِthe conjunctionوَالْمَعْطُوفِand the mentioned itemعَلَيْهِon itفِيinالْحُكْمِthe rulingالَّذِيwhichذُكِرَwas mentionedلَهُمَا،for both,وَالْمُغَايَرَةُand the differentiationعَلَىonمَرَاتِبَlevelsأَعْلَاهَاthe highest of themأَنْthatيَكُونَاthey beمُتَبَايِنِينَdistinctلَيْسَnotأَحَدُهُمَاone of themهُوَisالْآخَرُthe otherوَلَاnorجُزْؤُهُ،its part,وَلَاnorيُعْرَفُknownلُزُومُهُ لَهُ،its necessity for it,كَقَوْلِهِas in His sayingخَلَقَHe createdالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَالْأَرْضَand the earthوَمَاand whatبَيْنَهُمَاis between themفِيinسِتَّةِsixأَيَّامٍ﴾days.
And the conjunction of one thing to another in the Qur'an and other speech requires a differentiation between the joined and the joined item with the sharing of the joined and the joined item in the ruling that has been mentioned for both, and the differentiation is of levels, the highest of which is that they be distinct that neither is the other nor a part of it, nor is its necessity known, like His saying: 'He created the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them in six days.'
وَنَحْوُAnd nearذَلِكَ،that,وَقَوْلُهُand His saying::وَجِبْرِيلَand Gabrielوَمِيكَائِيلَand Michael[البقرة: ٩٨](2:98)وَقَوْلُهُ:and His saying:﴿(وَأَنزَلَand He descendedالتَّوْرَاةَthe Torahوَالْإِنْجِيلَand the Gospelمِنْfromقَبْلُbeforeهُدًىguidanceلِلنَّاسِfor the peopleوَأَنزَلَand He revealedالْفُرْقَانَ)the Criterion [3:3].
And similar to this is His saying: 'And Gabriel and Michael' (2:98) and His saying: 'And He brought down the Torah and the Gospel before as guidance for mankind, and He brought down the Criterion.'
وَهَذَاAnd thisهُوَisالْغَالِبُ.the common.
And this is the common.
وَيَلِيهِAnd next to itأَنْthatيَكُونَthere beبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themلُزُومٌnecessityكَقَوْلِهِ:like His saying:﴿(وَلَاAnd do notتَلْبِسُواmixالْحَقَّthe truthبِالْبَاطِلِwith falsehoodوَتَكْتُمُواand concealالْحَقَّ)the truth.[البقرة: ٤٢]،(2:42),وَقَوْلُهُ:and His saying:))وَمَنAnd whoeverيُشَاقِقِdefiesالرَّسُولَthe Messengerمِنْafterبَعْدِwhatمَاhas been made clearنَبَيَّنَاto himلَهُthe guidanceالْهُدَىand followsوَيَتَّبِعْanother wayغَيْرَother thanسَبِيلِthe path ofالْمُؤْمِنِينَ)the believers.[النساء : ١١٥]،(4:115)
And followed by a necessity like His saying: 'And do not mix the truth with falsehood and do not conceal the truth' (2:42), and His saying: 'And whoever defies the Messenger after what has been made clear to him the guidance and follows another way than the way of the believers' (4:115).
وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying: ﴿(وَمَنAnd whoeverيَكْفُرْdisbelievesبِاللَّـهِin Allahوَمَلَائِكَتِهِand His angelsوَكُتُبِهِand His booksوَرُسُلِهِand His messengers﴾)[النساء : ١٣٦]、(4:136),فَإِنَّfor ifمَنْwhoeverكَفَرَdisbelievesبِاللَّـهِ،in Allah,فَقَدْhas certainlyكَفَرَdisbelievedبِهَذَاwith thisكُلَّهُ،all this,فَالْمَعْطُوفُthen the conjunctionلَازِمٌis necessaryلِلْمَعْطُوفِfor the conjunctionعَلَيْهِ،on it,وَفِيand inالْآيَةِthe verseالَّتِيwhichقَبْلَهَاpreceded itالْمَعْطُوفُthe conjunctionلَازِمٌ،is necessary,فَإِنَّfor ifمَنْwhoeverيُشَاقِقُdefiesالرَّسُولَthe Messengerمِنْafterبَعْدَwhatتَبَيَّنَhas clarifiedلَهُto himالْهُدَىthe guidanceفَقَدِthen certainlyاتَّبَعَfollowedغَيْرَother thanسَبِيلِthe wayالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،of the believers.وَفِيAnd inالثَّانِيthe secondنِزَاعٍ،dispute,وَقَوْلُهُ:and His saying:﴿(وَلَاAnd do notتَلْبِسُواmixالْحَقَّthe truthبِالْبَاطِلِwith falsehoodوَتَكْتُمُواand concealالْحَقَّ،the truth.[البقرة: ٤٢]、(2:42)
And His saying: 'And whoever disbelieves in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers' (4:136), for if whoever disbelieves in Allah has certainly disbelieved with all this, then the conjunction is necessary for the conjunction. And in the verse that preceded it, the conjunction is necessary, for if whoever defies the messenger after what has clarified for him the guidance has followed other than the way of the believers. And in the second, there is a dispute, and His saying: 'And do not mix the truth with falsehood and do not conceal the truth' (2:42), they are two necessary clauses.