مُؤْمِنٌbeliever
Believer.
وَقَالَAnd saidأَبُوAbuأَيُّوبَAyyubسُلَيْمَانَSulaymanابْنَbinدَاوُدَDawudالْهَاشِمِيُّthe Hashimi
And Abu Ayyub Sulayman bin Dawud al-Hashimi said:
الِاسْتِثْنَاءُthe exceptionجَائِزٌis permissible
The exception is permissible.
وَمَنAnd whoeverقَالَsaidأَنَاI amحَقًّاtrulyوَلَمand did notيَقُلْsayعِندَwithاللَّهِGodوَلَمand did notيَسْتَثْنِيmake an exceptionفَذَلِكَthen thatعِندِيto meجَائِزٌis permissibleوَلَيْسَand is notبِمُرْجِئٍof the Murji’ah
And whoever said: 'I am truly,' and did not say 'with God,' and did not make an exception, then that is permissible to me and is not of the Murji’ah.
وَبِهAnd with itقَالَsaidأَبُوAbuخَيْثَمَةَKhithamahوَابْنَand IbnأَبِيAbuشَيْبَةَShaybah
And with it, Abu Khithamah and Ibn Abi Shaybah said.
وَذَكَرَAnd mentionedالشَّالنَجِيُّal-Shalnajiأَنَّهُthat heسَأَلَaskedأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنَbinحَنْبَلٍHanbalعَنْaboutالْمُصِرَّthe one who insistsعَلَىonالْكَبَائِرِthe major sinsيَطْلُبُهُseeks itبِجَهْدِهِwith his effortأَيْthat isيَطْلُبَseekingالذَّنْبَthe sinبِجَهْدِهِwith his effortإِلَّاexceptأَنَّهُthat heلَمْdid notيَتْرُكْabandonالصَّلاَةَthe prayerوَالزَّكَاةَand zakatوَالصَّوْمَand fastingهَلIsيُكُونُit to beمُصِرًّاinsistingمِمَّنofكَانَتْwasهَذِهِthisحَالٌstateقَالَHe said:هُوَIt isمُصِرًّاinsisting
And al-Shalnaji mentioned that he asked Ahmad bin Hanbal about the one who insists on the major sins, seeking it with his effort, that is, seeking the sin with his effort, except that he did not abandon the prayer, zakat, and fasting. Is it to be considered insisting if this is his state? He said: It is insisting.
مِثْلُLikeقَوْلِهِhis statementلَاnotيَزْنِيَcommit adulteryالزَّانِيُthe fornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيَhe commits adulteryوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌis a believerيَخْرُجُexitsمِنَfromالإِيمَانِfaithوَيَقَعُand fallsفِيintoالإِسْلَامِIslam
Like his statement: 'The fornicator does not commit adultery while he is a believer; he exits from faith and falls into Islam.'
وَمِنْAnd fromنَحْوِsimilar toقَوْلِهِhis statementوَلَاand notيَشْرَبُdrinksالْخَمْرَthe wineحِينَwhenيَشْرَبُهَاhe drinks itوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌis a believer
And from a statement similar to it: 'And he does not drink wine while he is a believer.'
وَلَاand does notيَسْرِقُstealالسَّارِقُthe thiefحِينَwhenيَسْرِقُhe stealsوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌis a believer.
And does not steal the thief while he is a believer.
وَمِنْAnd fromنَحْوِsimilar toقَوْلِthe statementابْنِof IbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinقَوْلِهِhis statementوَمَنAnd whoeverلَمْdid notيَحْكُمْjudgeبِمَاwith whatأَنزَلَHe revealedاللَّهُGodفَأُوْلَـئِكَthen thoseهُمُthey areالْكَافِرُونَthe disbelievers
And from a statement similar to Ibn Abbas in his declaration: 'And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed, then they are the disbelievers.'
فَقُلْتُSo I said to him:مَاWhatهَذَاis thisالْكُفْرُ؟disbelief?قَالَHe said:كُفْرٌDisbeliefلَاdoes notيُنْقَلُtake awayعَنْfromالْمِلَّةِthe faithمِثْلَjust asالإِيمَانِfaithبَعْضُهُsome of itدُونَless thanبَعْضٍsome,فَكَذَلِكَso likewiseالْكُفْرُdisbeliefحَتَّىuntilيَجِيءَit comesمِنَfromذَلِكَthatأَمْرٍmatterلَاthat does notيَخْتَلِفُdifferفِيهِin it.
So I said to him: 'What is this disbelief?' He said: 'Disbelief does not take one away from the faith, just as faith can be less than some; likewise disbelief, until it comes from a matter in which there is no disagreement.'
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnأَبِيAbuشَيْبَةَShaybahلَاthere is noيَزْنِيَfornicatorالزَّانِيُthe fornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيَhe commits adulteryوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌis a believer.لَاit is notيَكُونُbeمُسْتَكْمِلًاcompleteالإِيمَانَfaith.يَكُونُIt shall beنَاقِصًاdeficientمِنَofإِيمَانِهِhis faith.
And Ibn Abi Shaybah said: 'There is no fornicator when he commits adultery while he is a believer; he does not have complete faith, rather he is deficient in his faith.'
قَالَHe saidالشَّالنَجِيُّal-ShalnajiوَسَأَلْتُAnd I askedأَحْمَدَAhmadعَنْaboutالإِيمَانِfaithوَالإِسْلَامِ؟and Islam?فَقَالَHe said:الإِيمَانُFaithقَوْلٌis a statementوَعَمَلٌand action.وَالْإِسْلَامُAnd Islamإِقْرَارٌis acknowledgment.قَالَHe said:وَبِهAnd with itقَالَsaidأَبُوAbuخَيْثَمَةَKhithamah
And al-Shalnaji said: 'I asked Ahmad about faith and Islam?' He said: 'Faith is a statement and action, and Islam is acknowledgment.' And with it, Abu Khithamah said.
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnأَبِيAbuشَيْبَةَShaybahلَاThere is noيَكُونُthere existsإِسْلَامٌIslamإِلَّاexceptبِإِيمَانٍwith faithوَلَاand there is noإِيمَانٌfaithإِلَّاexceptبِإِسْلَامٍ؛with Islam.
And Ibn Abi Shaybah said: 'There is no Islam except with faith, and there is no faith except with Islam.'
وَإِذَاAnd ifكَانَisعَلَىonالْمُخَاطَبَةِthe speakerفَقَالَand said:قَدIndeed,قَبِلْتُI acceptedالإِيمَانَfaith,فَهُوَthen heداخِلٌis includedفِيinالإِسْلَامِ؛Islam;وَإِذَاAnd ifقَالَhe said:قَدIndeed,قَبِلْتُI acceptedالإِسْلَامَIslam,فَهُوَthen heداخِلٌis includedفِيinالإِيمَانِ.faith.
And if he is addressed and says: 'Indeed, I accepted faith,' then he is included in Islam; and if he says: 'Indeed, I accepted Islam,' then he is included in faith.
وَقَالَAnd saidمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadابْنُbinنَصْرٍNasrالْمَرُوزِيُّal-MurziوَحَكَىAnd narratedغَيْرَother thanهَؤُلَاءِtheseأَنَّهُthat heسَأَلَaskedأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنَbinحَنْبَلٍHanbalعَنْaboutقَوْلِthe statementالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetلَاdoes notيَزْنِيَcommit adulteryالزَّانِيُthe fornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيَhe commits adulteryوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌis a believerفَقَالَand said:مَنْWhoeverأَتَىcomesهَذِهِtheseالْأَرْبَعَةَfourأَوْorمَثْلَهُنَّsimilar to themأَوْorفَوْقَهُنَّabove themفَهُوَthen he isمُسْلِمٌa Muslimوَلَاand notأَسْمِيَهُI name himمُؤْمِنًاa believer.وَمَنْAnd whoeverأَتَىcomesدُونَless thanذَلِكَthatيُرِيدُintendingدُونَlesser thanالْكَبَائِرِthe major sinsأَسْمِيَهُI name himمُؤْمِنًاa believerنَاقِصَdeficientالإِيمَانِ.in faith.
And Muhammad bin Nasr al-Murzi narrated that others reported that he asked Ahmad bin Hanbal about the statement of the Prophet: 'The fornicator does not commit adultery while he is a believer.' He said: 'Whoever comes to these four or similar to them or above them, then he is a Muslim; I do not name him a believer. And whoever comes lower than that, meaning lesser than the major sins, I name him a believer deficient in faith.'
قُلْتُI said:أَحْمَدُAhmadابْنُbinحَنْبَلٍHanbalكَانَwasيَقُولُsayingتَارَةًsometimesبِهَذَاwith thisالْفَرْقُdifferenceوَتَارَةًand sometimesكَانَhe mentionedالْاخْتِلَافَthe differencesوَيَتَوَقَّفُand hesitatedوَهُوَand he isالْمُتَأَخِّرُthe later.عَنْهُfrom himقَالَsaid.أَبُوAbuبَكْرٌBakrالْأَثْرَمُal-Athramفِيinالسُّنَّةِthe SunnahسَمِعْتُI heardأَبَاAbuعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahيَسْأَلُaskingعَنْaboutالِاسْتِثْنَاءُthe exceptionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithمَاwhatتَقُولُyou sayفِيهِ؟about it?فَقَالَHe said:أَمَّاAs for me,فَلَاI do notأَعِيبُهَاcriticize it.أَيُّAnyمِنَof the peopleمَنwhoيَعِيبُهَاcriticizes it.قَالَHe said:إِذَاIfكَانَthere isيَقُولُsays:إِنَّIndeed,الإِيمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis a statementوَعَمَلٌand action,يَزِيدُincreasesوَيَنْقُصُand decreases.فَاسْتَثْنَىSo he made an exceptionمَخَافَةًfearingوَاحْتِيَاطًاand precaution,لَيْسَnotكَمَاasيَقُولُونَthey sayعَلَىaboutالشَّكِ،doubt,إِنَّمَاbut
I said: Ahmad bin Hanbal sometimes says with this difference and sometimes he mentioned the differences and hesitated, and he is the later one. Abu Bakr al-Athram said in the Sunnah: 'I heard Abu Abdullah asking about the exception in faith, what do you say about it?' He said: 'As for me, I do not criticize it, any of the people who criticize it. He said: 'If there is someone who says: 'Indeed, faith is a statement and action, it increases and decreases,' he made an exception fearing and precaution, not as they say about doubt; rather...