هُمTheyوَلِهَذَاAnd for thisيَكْثُرُit is commonفِيinهَـؤُلَاءِtheseتَرْكَabandonmentالْفَرَائِضِthe obligatory actsوَانْتِهَاكِand violationالْمَحَارِمِthe prohibited actsوَهَـؤُلَاءِAnd theseمِنَare fromالَّذِينَthose whoقَالُواsaid(آمَنَّا)(We have believed)فَقِيلَSo it was saidلَهُمto themقُلْSayلَمْnotتُؤْمِنُواyou have believedوَلَكِنbutقُولُواsayأَسْلَمْنَاwe have submittedوَلَمَّاand whenيَدْخُلِentersالْإِيمَانُthe faithفِيintoقُلُوبِكُمْyour hearts
They often abandon the obligatory acts and violate the prohibited acts. And these are from those who said (We have believed). So it was said to them: 'Say, you have not believed, but say, 'We have submitted,' and when faith has not entered into your hearts.
أَيُّThat isالْإِيمَانُthe faithالْمُطْلَقُ،absolute,الَّذِيwhichأَهْلُهُits peopleالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersحَقًّا،truly,فَإِنَّfor indeedهَذَاthisهُوَisالْإِيمَانُthe faithإِذَاwhenأُطْلِقَis mentionedفِيinكِتَابِthe Bookاللَّهِof Allahتَعَالَى،the Exalted,كَمَاasدَلَّindicatedعَلَيْهِby itالْكِتَابُthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةُ،and the Sunnah.
That is the absolute faith, which belongs to the true believers. For indeed this is the faith when it is mentioned in the Book of Allah, the Exalted, as indicated by the Book and the Sunnah.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿إِنَّمَاIndeed,الْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersالَّذِينَwhoآمَنُواhave believedبِاللَّهِin Allahوَرَسُولِهِ،and His Messenger,ثُمَّthenلَمْdid notيَرْتَابُواdoubtوَجَهَدُواand strivedبِأَمْوَالِهِمْwith their wealthوَأَنفُسِهِمْand their soulsفِيinسَبِيلِthe path ofاللَّهِAllahأَوَلَيْكَThey areهُمُtheالصَّدِقُونَtruthful.
And for this, He said the Exalted: 'Indeed, the believers are those who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and then did not doubt and strived with their wealth and their souls in the path of Allah. They are the truthful.'
فَلَمْSo did notيَحْصُلْoccurلَهُمto themرَيْبٌdoubtعِندَatالمِّحَنِthe trialsالَّتِيwhichتُقَلْقِلُshakeالْإِيمَانَthe faithفِيinالْقُلُوبِ،the hearts,وَالْرَّيْبُand the doubtيَكُونُisفِيinعِلْمِthe knowledgeالْقَلْبِ،of the heart,وَفِيand inعَمَلِthe actionsالْقَلْبِof the heartبِخِلَافِas opposed toالشَّكِّ،the doubt,فَإِنَّهُfor indeed itلَاdoes notيَكُونُoccurإِلَّاexceptفِيinالْعِلْمِ،knowledge,وَلِهَذَاfor this reasonلَاnotيُوْصَفُis describedبِالْيَقِينِwith certaintyإِلَّاexceptمَنْfor whomاِطْمَأَنَّis tranquilقَلْبُهُhis heartعِلْمًاwith knowledgeوَعَمَلًا،and actions,
So there is no doubt for them at the trials that shake the faith in hearts. And doubt is in the knowledge of the heart, and in the actions of the heart, unlike suspicion, for indeed it does not occur except in knowledge. For this reason, one is only described as having certainty if his heart is tranquil with knowledge and actions.
فَإِذَاSo ifكَانَhe wasعَالِمًاknowledgeableبِالْحَقِّ،of the truth,وَلَكِنbutالْمَصِيبَةُthe calamityأَوْorالْخَوْفُfearأَوْرَثَتْهُcaused himجَزَعًاgreat distressعَظِيمًا،great,لَمْ يَكُنْhe was notصَاحِبَa possessor ofيَقِينٍcertainty.قَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿هُنَالِكَThere, theyاِبْتُلِيَwere testedالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersوَزُلْزِلُواand they were shakenزَلْزَالًاwith a severeشَدِيدًاtremor.
So if he was knowledgeable of the truth, but the calamity or fear caused him great distress, he was not a possessor of certainty. He said the Exalted: 'There, the believers were tested and shaken with a severe tremor.
وَكَثِيرًاAnd oftenمَاwhatتَعَرَّضَbecomes exposedلِلْمُؤْمِنِto the believerشُعْبَةًa branchمِنْofشُعَبِthe branchesالنِّفَاقِ،of hypocrisy,ثُمَّthenيَتُوبُhe repentsاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِ،upon him,وَقَدْand it mayيَرْجِعَreturnعَلَىuponقَلْبِهِhis heartبَعْضَsomeمَاof whatيُوجِبُrequiresالنِّفَاقَhypocrisyوَيَدْفَعُهُand repels himاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُfrom himوَالْمُؤْمِنُand the believerيُبْتَلَىis testedبِوَسْوَاسِby whispersالشَّيْطَانِof Satanوَبِوَسْوَاسِand whispersالْكُفْرِof disbeliefالَّتِيthatتُضِيقُtightenبِهَاwith itصَدْرَهُhis chestكَمَاasقَالَتْsaidالْصَّحَابَةُ :the companions:يَاOرَسُولَMessengerاللَّهِof AllahإِنَّIndeedأَحَدَنَاone of usلَيَجِدُfindsفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfمَاthat whichلَئِنْto sayيَخْرَّhe fallsمِنَfromالسَّمَاءِthe skyإِلَىtoالْأَرْضِthe earthأَحَبُّmore belovedإِلَيْهِto himمِنْthanأَنْtoيَتَكَلَّمَspeakبِهِ؟of it?
And often, a believer may be exposed to a branch of hypocrisy, then Allah may repent upon him. And it may return upon his heart some that requires hypocrisy and Allah repels it from him. And the believer is tested by whispers of Satan and whispers of disbelief that tighten his chest with it. As the companions said: 'O Messenger of Allah, indeed one of us finds within himself what is more beloved to him than to fall from the sky to the earth rather than speak of it?'
فَقَالَ:He said:«ذَاكَ'Thatالإِيمَانُis the faith(١)(1)
He said: 'That is faith (1).'
وَفِيAnd inرَوَايَةٍ:the narration:«مَا'Whatيَتَعَاظَمُis too greatأَنْtoيَتَكَلَّمَspeakبِهِ»of it.'
And in another narration: 'What is too great to speak of.'
قَالَ:He said:«الْحَمْدُ'Praiseاللَّهِbe to Allahالَّذِيwhoرَدَّreturnedكَيْدَهُhis plottingإِلَىtoالْوَسْوَسَةِ»whispers.'(٢)(2)
He said: 'Praise be to Allah who returned his plotting to whispers (2).'
أَيٌّThat isحُصُولُthe occurrenceهَذِهِof thisالْكَرَاهَةَgreat dislikeالْعَظِيمَةُthe severeلَهُfor himوَدَفْعُهَاand repelling itعَنْfromالْقَلْبِ،the heart,هُوَisمِنْfromهَذَاthisالْوَسْوَاسِ،whispers,مَعَwith(١)(1).
That is, the occurrence of this great dislike for him and the repelling of it from the heart is from these whispers (1).