الإيمَانُFaith::هُوَit isالتَّصْدِيقُthe beliefأنَّهُthat itمِنَis fromالْقُرْآنِthe Qur'anوَنَقَلَand the transmissionمَعْنَىof the meaningالإيمَانِfaithمَتَوَاتِرٌis widespreadعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)
Faith is the belief that it is from the Qur'an, and the transmission of the meaning of faith is widespread from the Prophet (peace be upon him).
أَعْظَمُGreaterمِنَthanتَوَاتُرِthe transmissionلَفْظِof the wordالْكَلِمَةِthe term,,فَإنَّfor indeedالإيمَانَfaithيَحْتَاجُrequiresإِلَىtoمَعْرِفَتِهِits knowledgeجَمِيعًاby allالأُمَّةِthe nationفَيَنْقُلُونَهُand they convey it
It is greater than the transmission of the word, for indeed faith requires its knowledge by all the nation, and they convey it.
بِخِلَافِUnlikeكَلِمَةٍthe wordمِنْfromسُورَةٍthe surah,,فَأَكْثَرَfor mostالْمُؤْمِنِينَbelieversلَمْdid notيَكُونُواthey beيَحْفَظُونَmemorizingهَذِهِthisالسُّورَةَsurah,,فَلَاso it is notيَجُوزُpermissibleأَنْtoيَجْعَلَmakeبَيَانًاthe explanationأَصْلَof the essenceالدِّينِof the religionمَبْنِيًّاbasedعَلَىonمِثْلَlikeهَذِهِtheseالْمُقَدَّمَاتِpremises,,وَلِهَذَاand thusكَثُرَthere was muchالنِّزَاعُdisputeوَالِاضْطِرَابِand turmoilبَيْنَamongالَّذِينَthose whoعَدَلُواdeviatedعَنْfromصِرَاطِthe pathاللَّهِof Godالمُسْتَقِيمِthe straight,,وَسَلَكَواand tookالسُّبُلَthe roads,,وَصَارُواand they becameمِنَofالَّذِينَthose whoفَرَّقُواdividedدِينَهُمْtheir religionوَكَانُواand they wereشِيَعًاsects,,وَمِنَand amongالَّذِينَthose whoتَفَرَّقُواseparatedوَاخْتَلَفُواand disagreedمِنْfromبَعْدِafterمَاthat whichجَاءَتْهُمُcame to themالْبَيِّنَاتُthe clear signsهَذَاthisكَلَامٌspeechعَامٌّgeneralمُطْلَقٌabsolute
Unlike the word from a surah, most believers had not memorized this surah, so it is not permissible to base the explanation of the essence of religion on such premises, and thus there was much dispute and turmoil among those who deviated from the straight path of God, took different paths, and became among those who divided their religion into sects, and among those who separated and disagreed after the clear signs had come to them. This is a general and absolute statement.
ثُمَّThenيُقَالُit is said::هَاتَانِThese twoالْمُقَدَّمَتَانِpremisesكِلَاهُمَاboth areمَمْنُوعَةٌprohibitedفَمَنْSo whoالَّذِيis the oneقَالَwho said::إنَّthat indeedلَفْظَthe wordالإيمَانِfaithمُرَادِفٌis synonymousلِلَّفْظِto the wordالتَّصْدِيقِ؟belief?وَهَبَAnd ifأَنَّthatالْمَعْنَىthe meaningيَصِحُّis correctإِذَاifاسْتُعْمِلَusedفِيinهَذَاthisالْمَوْضِعِplace,,فَلَمَاذَاthen whyقُلْتَdid you say::إنَّهُthat itيَجِبُrequiresالتَّرَادُفَ؟synonymy?وَلَوْAnd ifقُلْتَyou saidمَاwhatأَنْتَyou are notبِمُسْلِمٍa Muslimلَنَاto us,,مَاwhatأَنْتَyou are notلَنَاto usبِمُؤْمِنٍa believerصَحَّit is correctالْمَعْنَىthe meaning,,لَكِنْbutلَمَاذَاwhyقُلْتَdid you sayإنَّthatهَذَاthisهُوَisالْمُرَادُwhat is meantبِلَفْظِby the wordمُؤْمِنٍ؟believer?
Then it is said: These two premises are both prohibited. So who is the one that said that the word 'faith' is synonymous with 'belief'? And if the meaning is correct if used in this place, then why did you say that it requires synonymy? And if you said what you are not a Muslim to us, what you are not a believer to us, the meaning is correct, but why did you say that this is what is meant by the word 'believer'?
وَإِذَاAnd whenقَالَGod said::أَقِيمُواEstablishالصَّلَاةَthe prayer))::وَلَوْAnd ifقَالَa speaker said::أَتِمُّواCompleteالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَلَازِمُواand adhere toالصَّلَاةَ،the prayer,التَزِمُواcommit toالصَّلَاةَ،the prayer,افْعَلُواdoالصَّلَاةَthe prayer,,كَانَit wasالْمَعْنَىthe meaningصَحِيحًاcorrect,لَكِنَّbutلَاit does notيَدُلُّindicateهَذَاthisعَلَىonمَعْنَىthe meaningأَقِيمُوا.of 'establish'.
And when God said: 'Establish the prayer', and if a speaker said: 'Complete the prayer, and adhere to the prayer, commit to the prayer, do the prayer,' the meaning was correct, but this does not indicate the meaning of 'establish'.
فَكُونَFor beingاللَّفْظُthe wordيُرَادِفُis synonymousاللَّفْظَthe wordيُرَادُis intendedدَلَالَتُهُits indicationعَلَىonذَلِكَthat.
For being the word is synonymous, its indication is intended for that.
ثُمَّThenيُقَالُit is said::لَيْسَnotهُوَitمُرَادِفًاsynonymousلَهُ،to it,وَذَلِكَand thatمِنْis fromوُجُوهٍseveral aspects::أَحَدُهَا:One of them:أَنْthatيُقَالَit is saidلِلْمُخْبِرِto the informantإِذَاifصَدَّقْتَهُyou believed himصِدْقَهُbelieving himوَلَاand notيُقَالُit is saidآمَنتَهُyou believed himوَآمَنَand believedبِهِin himبَلْbutيُقَالُit is saidآمَنَbelievedلَهُ،for him,كَمَاasقَالَ:it said:فَمَنْsoآمَنَbelievedلِـلُّوطِin Lotلُوطٌ(al-Lut)
Then it is said: It is not synonymous with it, and that is from several aspects: one of them is that it is said to the informant if you believed him, you believed him, and it is not said 'you believed him,' but it is said 'you believed for him,' as it is said: 'So who believed in Lot'.
وَقَالَ:And it said:فَمَاSo noneءَامَنَbelievedلِمُوسَىin Mosesإِلَّاexceptذُرِّيَّةٌa few of his offspringمِّنfromقَوْمِهِhis people.,,وَقَالَAnd it said:: وَءَامَنْتُمْAnd you believedلَهُمُin themقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatءَاذَنَyou were permittedلَكُمْto you.,,وَقَالُواAnd they saidلِنُوحٍto Noah:أَنُؤْمِنُShould we believeلَكَin youوَاتَّبَعَكَand the lowly followed you?الأَرْذَلُونَ)(the lowest of people)?
And it said: 'None believed in Moses except a few of his offspring from his people.' And it said: 'And you believed in them before you were permitted to you.' And they said to Noah: 'Should we believe in you, and the lowly followed you?'
وَقَالَAnd it said:تَعَالَى:The most high said:قُلْSay,أُذُنُThe earخَيْرٍof goodnessلَكُمْfor youيُؤْمِنُwho believesبِاللَّهِin Godوَيُؤْمِنُand believesلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ)in the believers.))[التوبة(Al-Tawbah:::٦١]61)
And it said: The most high said: 'Say, the ear of goodness for you who believes in God and believes in the believers.'
فَقَالُواAnd they saidأَنُؤْمِنُShould we believeلِبَشَرَيْنِin two humansمِثْلِنَاlike us?وَقَوْمُهُمَاand their peopleلَنَاto usعَادُونَare an enemy.
And they said: 'Should we believe in two humans like us? And their people are an enemy to us.'
وَقَالَ:And it said:وَإِنAnd ifلَمْyou do notتُؤْمِنُواbelieveلِيto meفَاعْتَزِلُونِthen keep away from me.[الدخان].[Al-Dukhan].
And it said: 'And if you do not believe in me, then keep away from me.'
فَإِنْFor ifقِيلَit was said:فَقَدْthere may beيُقَالُit is said: مَاwhatأَنْتَyou are notبِمُصَدِّقٍa believerلَنَا؟to us?قِيلَ:It is said:اللَّامُThe letter 'la'تَدْخُلُ عَلَىenters onمَاwhatيَتَعَدَّىis transmittedبِنَفْسِهِby itselfإِذَاifضَعُفَweakenedعَمَلُهُ،its action,إِمَّاeitherبِتَأْخِيرِهِ،by delaying it,أَوْorبِكَوْنِهِby beingاسْمًاa nounفَاعِلٍ،the agent,أَوْorمَصْدَرًا،the source,أَوْorبِاجْتِمَاعِهِمَاby their gatheringفَيُقَالُit is said:فُلانٌthis personيَعْبُدُ اللَّهَworships Godوَيَخَافُهُand fears Him،وَيَتَّقِيهِand obeys Him.
For if it is said: what you are not a believer to us? It is said: The letter 'la' enters on what is transmitted by itself if its action is weakened, either by delaying it, or by being a noun, or a source, or by their gathering. It is said: this person worships God, fears Him, and obeys Him.