الرَّابِعُThe fourth::أَنْthatمِنَofالنَّاسِthe peopleمَنwhoيَقُولُsay::الإِيمَانُfaithأَصْلُهُits originفِيinاللُّغَةِlanguageمِنَofالأَمَانِsecurityالَّذِيwhichهُوَisضِدُّagainstالْخَوْفِfear،,فَآمَنَso he was secure،,أَيْmeaningقَدْhasصَارَbecomeداخِلًاincludedفِيinالأَمَانِsecurity،,وَأَنْشَدُواand they recited..
The fourth: That some of the people say: Faith's origin in language is from security, which is against fear. So he is secure, meaning he has become included in security, and they recited.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالْمُقَدِّمَةُthe second introductionالثَّانِيَةُsecond,,فَيُقَالُit is said::إِنَّهُthat heإِذَاifفَرَضَassumedأَنَّهُthat itمُرَادِفٌis synonymousلِلتَّصْدِيقِwith affirmation،,فَقَوْلُهُمْthen their saying::إِنَّthatالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationلَاnotيَكُونُbeإِلَّاexceptبِالْقَلْبِby the heartأوorاللِّسَانِthe tongueعَنْهُabout itجَوَابَانِhas two responses،,أَحَدُهُمَاone of them::الْمَنْعُthe prohibition،,بَلْbutالأَفْعَالُthe actionsتُسَمَّىare calledتَصْدِيقًاaffirmation،,كَمَاasثَبَتَit was establishedفِيinالصَّحِيحِthe authenticعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ, peace be upon himأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid::«الْعَيْنَانِThe two eyesتَزْنِيَانِcommit adulteryوَزِنَاَهُمَاand their adulteryالنَّظَرُis the gaze،,وَالْأُذُنُand the earتَزْنِيcommits adulteryوَزِنَاهاand its adulteryالسَّمْعُis the listening،,وَالْيَدُand the handتَزْنِيcommits adulteryوَزِنَاهاand its adulteryالْبَطْشُis the grasping،,وَالرَّجْلُand the footتَزْنِيcommits adulteryوَزِنَاهاand its adulteryالْمَشْيُis the walking،,وَالْقَلْبُand the heartيَتَمَنَّىdesiresذَٰلِكَthatوَيَشْتَهِيand covets،,وَالْفَرْجُand the private partيُصَدِّقُconfirmsذَٰلِكَthatأوorيُكَذِّبُهُdenies it.»..
And as for the second introduction, it is said: If it is assumed that it is synonymous with affirmation, then their statement: that affirmation cannot be except by the heart or the tongue about it has two responses, one being prohibition; but the actions are called affirmation, as it was established in the authentic narration from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: "The two eyes commit adultery and their adultery is the gaze, and the ear commits adultery and its adultery is the listening, and the hand commits adultery and its adultery is the grasping, and the foot commits adultery and its adultery is the walking, and the heart desires that and covets it, and the private part confirms that or denies it."
وَكَذَٰلِكَLikewiseقَالَsaidأَهْلُthe people ofاللُّغَةِlanguageوَطَوَائِفُand groupsمِنَofالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsوَالخَلَفِand the successors,,قَالَsaidالجَوْهَرِيُّAl-Jawhari::وَالصِّدِّيقُand the truthfulمِثَالٌis likeالْفَسْقِthe wickedness::الدَّائِمُthe constantالتَّصْدِيقِaffirmation،,وَيَكُونُand it is ifالَّذِيthat whichيُصَدِّقُaffirmsقَوْلَهُhis statementبِالْعَمَلِby action.وَقَالَAnd saidالْحَسَنُAl-Hassanالْبَصْرِيُّthe Basriلَيْسَis notالإِيمَانُthe faithبِالْتَّحَلِّيby adornmentوَلَاand notبِالتَّمَنِّيby wishing،,وَلَكِنْratherمَاwhatوَقَرَsettledفِيinالْقُلُوبِthe hearts,,وَصَدَّقَتْهُand its actions affirmed itالأَعْمَالُthe deeds.وَهَذَاThisمَشْهُورٌis well-knownعَنْfromالْحَسَنِAl-Hassanيُرْوَىis narratedعَنْهُabout himمِنْfromغَيْرِother thanوَجْهٍone source,,كَمَاasرَوَالَهُreported byعَبَّاسٌAbbasالدُّورِيُّAl-Duri,,حَدَّثَنَاhe narrated to usحَجَّاجٌHajjaj,,حَدَّثَنَاhe narrated to usأَبُوAbuعُبَيْدَةَUbaidahالنَّاجِيُّAl-Naji,,عَنْfromالْحَسَنِAl-Hassanقَالَsaid::لَيْسَis notالإِيمَانُfaithبِالتَّحَلِّيby adornmentوَلَاand notبِالتَّمَنِّيby wishing،,وَلَكِنْbutمَاwhatوَقَرَsettledفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartوَصَدَّقَتْهُand its actions confirmed itالأَعْمَالُthe deeds.مِنْAnyone whoقَالَsaysحَسَنًاwellوَعَمِلَand doesغَيْرَother thanصَالِحٍgoodرُدَّis returnedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِ: وَمَنْAnd whosoeverقَالَsaysحَسَنًاwellوَعَمِلَand doesصَالِحًاgood،,رُفِعَis elevatedهُitالْعَمَلُthe work.ذَٰلِكَThatبِأَنْbecauseاللَّهُAllahيَقُولُsays::﴿﴿إِلَيْهِTo Himيَصْعَدُascentالْكَلِمُthe wordالطَّيِّبُthe goodوَandالْعَمَلُthe workالصَّالِحُthe righteousيَرْفَعُهُ)raises it) [Fater:10]رَوَاهُreportedابْنُby IbnبَطَّةٌBattaمِنَfromالْوَجْهَيْنِtwo narrations.وَقَوْلُهُAnd his statement::لَيْسَis notالإِيمَانُfaithبِالتَّمَنِّيby wishing -, يَعْنِيmeansالْكَلَامَthe speech -, وَقَوْلُهُand his statement::بِالتَّحَلِّيby adornmentيَعْنِيmeansأَنْthatيَصِيرَit becomesحِلْيَةًan adornmentظَاهِرَةًapparent to himلَهُfor him,,فَيُظْهِرَهُwhile he displays itمِنْfromغَيْرِother thanحَقِيقَةًtruthمِنَofقَلْبِهِhis heart,,وَمَعْنَاهُand its meaningلَيْسَis notهُوَitمَاwhatيَظْهَرُappearsمِنْfromالْقَوْلِthe saying,,وَلَاnorمِمَّاfromالْحِلَايَةِthe adornmentالظَّاهِرَةِapparent,,وَلَكِنَّbutمَاwhatوَقَرَsettledفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartوَصَدَّقَتْهُand confirmed itالأَعْمَالُthe deeds.فَالْعَمَلُSo the actionيُصَدِّقُconfirmsأَنْthatفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartإِيمَانًاthere is faith.،,وَإِذَاAnd ifلَمْthere is noيَكُنْbeعَمَلٌactionكَذَّبَتْit deniesأَنْthatفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartإِيمَانٌthere is faith.،,لِأَنَّbecauseمَاwhatفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heartمُسْتَلْزِمٌis requiredلِلْعَمَلِfor the actionالظَّاهِرِthe apparent,,وَانْتِفَاءُand the negation ofاللازِمَthe requirementيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonانْتِفَاءِthe denial ofالْمَلْزُومِthe subject.وَقَدْAnd it hasرُوِيَbeen narratedمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبْنِbinنَصْرٍNasrالمَرْوَزِيُّAl-Marwaziبِإِسْنَادِهِwith his chain of narrationأَنْthatعَبْدَAbdالْمَلِكِAl-MalikبْنِbinمَرْوَانَMarwan,,كَتَبَwroteإِلَىtoسَعِيدِSaidبْنِbinجُبَيْرٍJubairيَسْأَلُهُasking himعَنْaboutهَذِهِtheseالْمَسَائِلِissues,,فَأَجَابَهُhe answered themعَنْهَاabout them:: سَأَلْتَYou askedعَنْaboutالإِيمَانِfaith.(۱)(1) بِيَاضٌThere is a blankفِيinالأُصُولِthe foundationsكُلِّهَا.all.(٢)(2) سَبَقَتْPrecededالْمُقَدِّمَةُthe introductionالأُولَىfirstفِيinالصَّفْحَةِthe page٢٢٦226.
Likewise, the people of language and groups of the predecessors and successors said: Al-Jawhari said: 'The truthful (sidiq) is similar to the wicked (fasiq): the one who constantly affirms and acts according to what he says. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: 'Faith is not by adornment nor by wishing, but it is what is settled in the hearts, and its actions confirmed it.' This is well-known from Al-Hasan and is narrated from him by more than one source, as reported by Abbas Al-Duri, who narrated to us Hajjaj, who narrated to us Abu Ubaidah Al-Naji, from Al-Hasan, who said: 'Faith is not by adornment nor by wishing, but that which is settled in the heart and confirmed by the actions.' Whoever says well and acts poorly, Allah will reject him, and whoever says well and acts righteously, his work will elevate him. That is because Allah says: ‘To Him ascends the good word, and righteous action raises it.’ (Fater: 10) Reported by Ibn Batta from two narrations. And his statement: 'Faith is not by wishing' - means speech - and his statement: ‘by adornment’ means that it becomes an apparent adornment to him; he displays it without true belief in his heart, and its meaning is not what is expressed through words, nor from the apparent adornment, but rather what is settled in the heart and confirmed by the actions. So the action confirms there is faith in the heart, and if there is no action, it denies there is faith in his heart, because what is in the heart necessitates the apparent action, and the negation of the requirement indicates the negation of the subject. It has also been narrated that Muhammad bin Nasr Al-Marozi with his chain of narration that Abdul Malik bin Marwan wrote to Said bin Jubair asking him about these issues, and he answered him: ‘You asked about faith.' (1) There is a blank in the foundations all. (2) The first introduction preceded on page 226.