التَّجَهُّمِfrowningوَتَعْطِيلِand the suspensionالْصِّفَاتِof the attributesلَمَّاwhenكَانَit wasابْتِدَاءًthe beginningحُدُوثِهِof its occurrenceمِنْfromخُرَاسَانَKhorasan, كَثَرَ, it increasedمِنْofعُلَمَاءِthe scholarsخُرَاسَانَKhorasanذَاكَof thatالْوَقْتِtimeمِنْofالْإِنْكَارِthe denialعَلَىagainstالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmitesمَاthat whichلَمْdid notيُوجَدْexistقَطٌّat allلِمَنْfor those whoلَمْdid notتَكُنْbeهَذِهِthisالْبِدْعَةِinnovationفِيinبَلَدِهِhis countryوَلَاnorسَمِعَheardبِهَاof itكَمَاasجَاءَcameفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadith: إِنَّ: IndeedاللَّهَAllahعِندَwithكُلِّeveryبِدْعَةٍinnovationيَكادُis closeبِهَاto itالإِسْلَامُIslamوَأَهْلُهُand its peopleمِنْofيَتَكَلَّمُونَspeakingبِعَلَامَاتِby the signsالإِسْلَامِof Islam، فَاغْتَنِمُوا, so seizeتِلْكَthoseالْمَجَالِسَsessions، فَإِنَّ, for indeedالرَّحْمَةَthe mercyتَنْزِلُdescendsعَلَىuponأَهْلِهَاits peopleأَوْorكَمَاasقَالَsaid
Frowning and the suspension of the attributes, when its occurrence began in Khorasan, the scholars of Khorasan at that time increased in denying the Jahmites more than was ever found for those who did not have this innovation in their country nor heard of it, as came in the Hadith: Indeed, Allah is with every innovation that Islam and its people are close to, speaking by the signs of Islam. So seize those sessions, for indeed the mercy descends upon its people or as he said.
وَإِذَاAnd ifكَانَit wasمِنْfromقَوْلِthe statementالسُّلَفِof the predecessorsإِنَّthatالْإِنْسَانَthe humanيَكُونُmay beفِيهِin himإِيمَانٌfaithوَنِفَاقٌand hypocrisy، فَكَذَٰلِكَ, then likewiseفِيinقَوْلِهِمtheir saying: إِنَّهُ: that it isيَكُونُmay beفِيهِin himإِيمَانٌfaithوَكُفْرٌand disbelief، لَيْسَ, it is notهُوَit isالْكُفْرُdisbeliefالَّذِيthat whichيُنْقَلُtransfersعَنْfromالْمِلَّةِthe religion، كَمَا, asقَالَhe saidابْنُIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasوَأَصْحَابُهُand his companionsفِيinقَوْلِهِhis sayingتَعَالَىMost High: ﴿وَمَن لَمْ يَحْكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللهُ فَأُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾: ﴿And whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers﴾[المائدة[Al-Maidah: ٤٧]: 47]قَالُواThey said: كُفْرٌ: Disbeliefلَاnotيُنْقَلُtransferredعَنْfromالْمِلَّةِthe religion، وَقَدْ, and indeedاتَّبَعَهُمْfollowed themعَلَىuponذَٰلِكَthatأَحْمَدُAhmedابْنُIbnحَنَبلٍHanbalوَغَيْرُهُand othersمِنْfromأَئِمَّةِthe Imamsالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnah
And if it was from the statement of the predecessors that the human may have in him faith and hypocrisy, then likewise in their saying: that it is that he may have in him faith and disbelief, it is not the disbelief that transfers from the religion, as Ibn Abbas and his companions said in His saying, Most High: ﴿And whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers﴾ [Al-Maidah: 47]. They said: A disbelief not transferred from the religion, and indeed Ahmed Ibn Hanbal and others from the Imams of the Sunnah followed them in that.
قَالَSaidالإِمَامُthe ImamمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبنِBinنَصْرٍNasrالمَروَزِيِّAl-Maruziفِيinكِتَابِthe bookالصَّلَاةِof Prayer: اخْتَلَفَ: Disagreement occurredالنَّاسُamong peopleفِيinتَفْسِيرِthe interpretationحَدِيثِof the HadithجِبْرِيلَGabrielهَذَاthis، فَقَالَ, so a group saidطَائِفَةٌa classمِنْofأَصْحَابِنَاour companions: قَوْلٌ: The sayingالنَّبِيِّof the Prophetﷺ ﷺ: «الإِيمَانُ: "Faithأَنْthatتُؤْمِنَyou believeبِاللَّهِin Allahوَمَاand whatذُكِرَmentionedمَعَهُwith itكَلَامٌis a statementجَامِعٌcomprehensiveمُخْتَصَرٌbriefلَهُfor himغَوْرٌdepth، وَقَدْ, and he hasأَوْهَمَتْmisledالْمُرْجِئَةُthe Murjitesفِيinتَفْسِيرِهِits interpretation، فَتَأَوَّلُوهُ, so they interpreted itعَلَىonغَيْرِwithoutتَأْوِيلِهِits interpretationقِلَّةِlittleمَعْرِفَةٍknowledgeمِنْهُمfrom themبِلِسَانِby the tongueالْعَرَبِof the Arabs، وَغَوْرَ, and depthكَلَامِthe statementالنَّبِيِّof the Prophetالَّذِيthat whichأُعْطِيَwas givenجَوَامِعَthe concise phrasesالْكَلِمِof the wordsوَفَوَاتِحَةِand its beginningsوَاخْتَصَرَand summarizedلَهُfor himالْحَدِيثَthe Hadithاخْتِصَارًاin a brief form, أَمَّا, as forقَوْلُهُhis sayingالإِيمَانُfaithأَنْthatتُؤْمِنَyou believeبِاللَّهِin Allahفَأَنْfor thatتُوَحِّدَهُyou unite Himوَتُصَدِّقَand you affirmبِهِin Himبِالْقَلْبِwith the heartوَاللِّسَانِand the tongueوَتَخْضَعَand you submitلَهُto Himوَلِأَمْرِهِand to His commandبِإِعْطَاءِby givingالْعَزْمِthe determinationلِأَداءِto fulfillمَاwhatأَمَرَHe commandedمُجَانِبًاaway fromلِلُّسْتَنكَافِrefusalوَالْاِسْتِكْبَارِand arroganceوَالْمُعَانَدَةِand obstinacy
The Imam Muhammad bin Nasr Al-Maruzi said in the Book of Prayer: Disagreement occurred among people in interpreting this Hadith of Gabriel. A group of our companions said: The saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Faith is that you believe in Allah and what has been mentioned with it, is a comprehensive, brief statement. The Murjites misled in its interpretation, interpreting it in a way contrary to its intended meaning due to their little knowledge of the language of the Arabs, and the depth of the Prophet's statements which were given to him as concise phrases. As for his saying, 'Faith is that you believe in Allah,' it means that you unite Him and affirm Him with the heart and tongue, and submit to Him and His command by giving the determination to fulfill what He commanded, staying away from refusal, arrogance, and obstinacy.
فَإِذَاSo ifفَعَلْتَyou didذَاكَthat, لَزِمَتَ, you are committedمَحَابَّهُto His loves, وَاجْتَنَبْتَ, and you avoidedمَسَاخِطَهُ, His wrath.وَأَمَّاAs forقَوْلُهُhis saying: وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ: 'and His angels,'فَأَنَّit means thatتُؤْمِنَyou believeبِمَنin those whomسَمَّىHe namedاللَّهُAllahلَكَto youمِنْهُمْfrom themفِيinكِتَابِهِHis Book, وَتُؤْمِنَ, and you believeبِأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahمَلَائِكَةًthe angelsسِوَاهُمْother than themلَاdo notيَعْرِفُونَknowأَسَامِيَهُمْtheir namesوَعَدَدَهُمْand their numberإِلَّاexceptالَّذِيthat whichخَلَقَهُمْcreated them. وَأَمَّا. As forقَوْلُهُ: وَكُتُبَهُفَأَنَّit means thatتُؤْمِنَyou believeبِمَاin whatسَمَّىHe namedاللَّهُAllahمِنْofكُتُبِهِHis booksفِيinكِتَابِهِHis Bookمِنْofالتَّوْرَاةِthe Torahوَالْإِنْجِيلِand the Gospelوَالزَّبُورِand the Psalmsخَاصَّةًspecifically, وَتُؤْمِنَ, and you believeبِأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahسِوَىbesidesذَاكَthatكُتُبًاbooksأَنْزَلَهَاHe revealedعَلَىuponأَنْبِيَائِهِHis Prophetsلَاnotيَعْرِفُونَknowأَسْمَاءَهَاtheir namesوَعَدَدَهَاand the number of themإِلَّاexceptالَّذِيthat whichأَنْزَلَهَاHe revealed it, وَتُؤْمِنَ, and you believeبِالْفُرْقَانِin the criterion.وَإِيمَانُكَAnd your faithبِهِin itغَيْرُis different fromإِيمَانِكَyour faithبِسَائِرَin other thanالْكُتُبِthe books.إِيمَانُكَYour faithبِغَيْرِهِin other than itمِنْfromالْكُتُبِthe books.إِقْرَارُكَYour acknowledgmentبِهِin itبِالْقَلْبِwith the heartوَاللِّسَانِand the tongueوَإِيمَانُكَand your faithبِالْفُرْقَانِin the criterionإِقْرَارُكَYour acknowledgmentبِهِin itوَاتِّبَاعُكَand your followingمَاwhatفِيهِis in it.
So if you do that, you become committed to His loves and you avoid His wrath. As for His saying: 'and His angels,' it means that you believe in those whom Allah named to you from them in His Book. And you believe that Allah has angels other than them, whose names and numbers none knows except He who created them. As for His saying: 'and His books,' it means that you believe in what Allah has named of His books in His Book, specifically the Torah, the Gospel, and the Psalms, and you believe that Allah sent down other books upon His Prophets, whose names and numbers none knows except He who sent it down. And you believe in the criterion, and your faith in it is distinct from your faith in other books. Your faith in other than it is your acknowledgment of it with the heart and tongue, and your faith in the criterion is your acknowledgment of it and your following what is in it.