مَثَلَlikeحَبَّةًa grainلَهَاfor itظَاهِرٍan outer sideوَبَاطِنٍand an inner sideوَهِيَand it isواحِدَةٌoneلَاnotيُقَالُit is saidحَبَّتَانِtwo grainsلِتَفَاوُتِdue to the differenceصِفَتَيْهِمَاof their attributes
Like a grain that has an outer side and an inner side, and it is one; it is not said that there are two grains due to the difference of their attributes.
فَكَذَٰلِكَSimilarlyأَعْمَالُthe deedsالإِسْلامِof Islamمِنْis ofالإِسْلامِIslamهُوَit isظَاهِرٌthe outerالإِيمَانِfaithوَهُوَand it isمِنْofأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْجَوَارِحِof the limbs
Similarly, the deeds of Islam are the outward manifestations of faith, and they are from the deeds of the limbs.
الإِيمَانُFaithبَاطِنٌis the innerالإِسْلامِof Islamوَهُوَand it isمِنْofأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْقُلُوبِof the hearts
Faith is the inner aspect of Islam, and it is from the deeds of the hearts.
وَرُوِيَAnd it is narratedعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid
And it is narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said:
الإِسْلامُIslamعَلَانِيَةٌis publicوَالإِيمَانُand faithفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heart
"Islam is public, and faith is in the heart."
وَفِيAnd inلَفْظٍanother wordingالإِيمَانِfaithسِرٌّis a secret
And in another wording: "Faith is a secret."
فَالإِسْلامُSo Islamأَعْمَالٌare the deedsالإِيمَانِof faithوَالْإِيمَانُand faithعُقُودٌare contractsالإِسْلامِof Islam
So Islam consists of the deeds of faith, and faith consists of the contracts of Islam.
فَلَاThere is noإِيمَانٌfaithإِلَّاexceptبِعَمَلٍby actionوَلَاand noعَمَلٌactionإِلَّاexceptبِعَقْدٍby contract
There is no faith except through action, and no action except by contract.
وَمَثَلُAnd the exampleذَٰلِكَof thatمَثَلٌis likeالْعِلْمِknowledgeالظَّاهِرِthe outerوَالْبَاطِنِand the inner
And the example of that is like knowledge: the visible and the hidden.
أَحَدُهُمَاOne of themمُرْتَبِطٌis linkedبِصَاحِبِهِto its possessorمِنْbyأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْقُلُوبِof the heartsوَعَمَلٌand the actionsالْجَوَارِحِof the limbs
One of them is linked to its possessor through the deeds of the hearts and the actions of the limbs.
وَمَثَلُهُAnd the similar caseقَوْلٌof the sayingرَسُولِthe Messengerاللَّهِof AllahﷺإِنَّمَاIndeedالأَعْمَالُactionsبِالْنِّيَّاتِare by intentions
And the similar case is the saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Actions are but by intentions."
أَيْWhich meansلَاthere is noعَمَلٌactionإِلَّاexceptبِعَقْدٍby contractوَقَصْدٍand intention
Which means there is no action except by contract and intention.
لَأَنَّBecauseإِنَّمَاIndeedتَحْقِيقٌis verificationلِلشَّيْءِof the thingوَنَفْيٌand denialلِمَا سِوَىof what is other than it
Because ‘indeed’ is a verification of the thing and a denial of anything else.
فَأَثْبَتَSo it establishesبِذَٰلِكَby thatعَمَلَthe actionالْجَوَارِحِof the limbsمِنَofالْمُعَامَلَاتِdealingsوَعَمَلٌand actionالْقُلُوبِof the heartsمِنْofالنِّيَّاتِthe intentions
So it establishes by that the action of the limbs from the dealings, and the action of the hearts from the intentions.
فَمَثَلُThus, the exampleالْعَمَلِof actionمِنْofالإِيمَانِfaithكَمَثَلِis likeالشَّفَتَيْنِthe lipsمِنْofاللِّسَانِthe tongueلَاnotيَصِحُّvalidالْكَلَامُthe speechإِلَّاexceptبِهُمَاby them
Thus, the example of action from faith is like the lips of the tongue; speech is not valid except with them.
لَأَنَّBecauseالشَّفَتَيْنِthe lipsتَجْمَعَgatherالْحُرُوفَthe lettersوَاللِّسَانَand the tongueيُظْهِرُexpressesالْكَلَامَthe speech
Because the lips gather the letters and the tongue expresses the speech.
وَفِيAnd inسُقُوطِthe fallأَحَدِهِمَاof eitherبُطْلانٌinvalidatesالْكَلَامَthe speech
And in the fall of either, it invalidates the speech.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd similarlyفِيinسُقُوطِthe fallالْعَمَلِof actionذَهَابِthe departureالإِيمَانِof faith
And similarly, in the fall of action, it leads to the departure of faith.
وَلِذَٰلِكَAnd thereforeحِينَwhenعَدَّدَHe enumeratedاللَّهُAllahنِعَمَهُHis blessingsعَلَىuponالإِنْسَانِthe human
And therefore, when Allah enumerated His blessings upon the human.
بِالْكَلَامِin speechذَكَرَHe mentionedالشَّفَتَيْنِthe lipsمَعَalong withاللِّسَانِthe tongueفِيinقَوْلِهِHis sayingأَلَمْDid notنَجْعَلWe makeلَهُfor himعَيْنَيْنِtwo eyesوَلِسَانًاand a tongueوَشَفَتَيْنِand two lips
In speech, He mentioned the lips along with the tongue in His saying: "Did We not make for him two eyes and a tongue and two lips?"
بِمَعْنَىٰIt meansأَلَمْDid notنَجْعَلْهُWe make himنَاظِرًَاlookingمُتَكَلِّمًاspeaking.
It means: Did We not make him a looking and speaking being?
فَعَبَّرَThus, He expressedعَنْaboutالْكَلَامِthe speechبِاللِّسَانِby the tongueوَالشَّفَتَيْنِand the lipsلِأَنَّهُمَاbecause they areمَكَانٌthe placeلَهُfor it
Thus, He expressed the speech by the tongue and the lips because they are the place for it.
وَذَكَرَAnd He mentionedالشَّفَتَيْنِthe lipsلِأَنَّbecauseالْكَلَامَspeechالَّذِيthatجَرَتis made possibleبِهِby itالنِّعْمَةَthe blessingلَاnotيَتِمُّcomplete
And He mentioned the lips because the speech through which the blessing is achieved does not complete except with them.
وَمَثَلُAnd the exampleالإِيمَانِof faithوَالْإِسْلامِand Islamأَيْضًاalsoكَفَسْطَاطٍis like a tentقَائِمٍstandingفِيinالْأَرْضِthe earth
And the example of faith and Islam is also like a tent standing on the earth.
لَهُIt hasظَاهِرٌan outerوَأَطْنَابٌand pegsوَلَهُand hasعَمُودٌa pillarفِيinبَاطِنِهِits interior.
It has an outer side and pegs, and it has a pillar in its interior.
فَالْفَسْطَاطُSo the tentمَثَلٌis likeالإِسْلامِIslamلَهُit hasأَرْكَانٌpillarsمِنْofأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْعَلَانِيَةِthe publicوَالْجَوَارِحِand the limbs
So the tent is like Islam, it has pillars from the public deeds and the deeds of the limbs.
وَهِيَAnd they areالأَطْنَابُthe pegsالَّتِيthatتُمْسِكُholdأَرْجَاءَthe cornersالْفَسْطَاطِof the tentوَالْعَمُودُand the pillarالَّذِيwhichفِيis inوَسَطِthe centerالْفَسْطَاطِof the tent
And they are the pegs that hold the corners of the tent, and the pillar that is in the center of the tent.
مَثَلُهُIts likeكَالإِيمَانِis faithلَاthere is noقَوَامٌsupportلِلْفَسْطَاطِfor the tentإِلَّاexceptبِهِby it.
Its like is faith; there is no support for the tent except by it.
فَقَدْIndeedاحْتَاجَit needsالْفَسْطَاطُthe tentإِلَيْهَاto it.إِذْFor thereلَاis noقَوَامٌsupportلَهُfor itوَلَاand noقُوَّةٌstrengthإِلَّاexceptبِهَاby it.
Indeed, the tent needs it, for there is no support for it and no strength except by it.
كَذَٰلِكَSimilarlyالإِسْلامُIslamفِيinأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْجَوَارِحِof the limbsلَاthere is noقَوَامٌsupportلَهُfor itإِلَّاexceptبِالإِيمَانِby faith.
Similarly, in the deeds of the limbs, there is no support for Islam except by faith.
وَالْإِيمَانُAnd faithمِنْis ofأَعْمَالِthe deedsالْقُلُوبِthe hearts.لَاThere is noنَفْعٌbenefitلَهُfor itإِلَّاexceptبِالإِسْلامِby Islam.
And faith is of the deeds of the hearts; there is no benefit for it except by Islam.
وَهُوَAnd it isصَالِحٌgoodالأَعْمَالُthe deeds
And it is the good deeds.
يُشِيرُIt refersإِلَىtoتَضْعِيفِweakeningالْحَدِيثِthe narrationوَقَدْand it hasسَبَقَpreviouslyمِنَّاfrom usالتَّصْرِيحَthe statementبِذَٰلِكَby thatفِيinأَوَّلِthe firstالْكِتَابِthe book.
It refers to the weakening of the narration, and it has been stated by us previously in the beginning of the book.
صP.١١11
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