يُعَذِّبُHe punishesفيinالنَّارِthe fireإِنْifلَمْnotيَغْفِرْforgivesاللَّهُAllahلَهُfor himذُنُوبَهُhis sinsوَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonقَالَsaidمَنْwhoقَالَsaidهُوَhe isمُؤْمِنٌa believerبِإِيمَانِهِby his faith
He will be punished in the fire if Allah does not forgive him his sins, and for this reason, it was said: he is a believer by his faith,
فَاسِقٌa disobedientبِكَبِيرَتِهِby his major sinأَوْorمُؤْمِنٌa believerنَاقِصُdeficientالإِيْمَانِin faith
(a disobedient by his major sin, or a believer with deficient faith)
وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoلَاdo notيَسْمُونَهُcall himمُؤْمِنًاa believerمِنْfromأَهْلِthe people ofالسُّنَّةِSunnah
And those who do not call him a believer are from the people of the Sunnah,
وَمِنْand fromالمُعْتَزِلَةِthe Mu'tazilitesيَقُولُونَthey sayاسْمُthe nameالْفُسُوقِof disobedienceيُنَافِيcontradictsاسْمَthe nameالإِيْمَانِof faith
and the Mu'tazilites say that the name of disobedience contradicts the name of faith
لِقَوْلِهِdue to his sayingبِئْسَevil isالِاسْمُthe nameالْفُسُوقُof disobedienceبَعْدَafterالإِيمَانِthe faith
due to his saying: 'Evil is the name of disobedience after faith,'
وَقَوْلِهِand his sayingأَفَمَنْis the oneكَانَwho wasمُؤْمِنًاa believerكَمَنْlike one whoكَانَwasفَاسِقًاdisobedient
and his saying: 'Is the one who was a believer like one who was disobedient?'
وَقَدْand indeedقَالَthe Prophetالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)سَبَابُThe abuseالْمُسْلِمِof a Muslimفُسُوقٌis disobedienceوَقَاتِلُهُand fighting himكُفْرٌis disbelief (kufr)
And indeed the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The abuse of a Muslim is disobedience, and fighting him is disbelief (kufr).'
وَمَعَAnd along withهَذَاthisوَعَلَىand uponهَذَاthisالأَصْلِprincipleفَبَعْضُsomeالنَّاسِpeopleيَكُونُmay haveمَعَهُwith himشُعْبَةًa branchمِنْofشُعَبِthe branchesالكُفْرِof disbeliefوَمَعَهُand with himإِيْمَانٌfaithأَيْضًاalso
And along with this and upon this principle, some people may have a branch of disbelief and also have faith.
وَعَلَىAnd uponهَذَاthisوَرَدَwas reportedعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)فِيinتَسْمِيَةِthe naming ofكَثِيرٍmanyمِنَofالذُّنُوبِthe sinsكُفْرًاas disbeliefمَعَwithأَنَّthatصَاحِبَهَاits ownerقَدْmayيَكُونَbeمَعَهُwith himأَكْثَرَmoreمِنْthanمِثْقَالَa weightذَرَّةٍof an atomمِنَofإِيْمَانٍfaith
And it was reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him) in naming many of the sins as disbelief, with the indication that its owner may have more than an atom's weight of faith,
فَلَاso he does notيَخْلُدَremain eternallyفِيinالنَّارِthe fireكَقَوْلِهِlike his sayingسَبَابُThe abuseالْمُسْلِمِof a Muslimفُسُوقٌis disobedienceوَقَاتِلَهُand fighting himكُفْرٌis disbelief
so he does not remain eternally in the fire, like his saying: 'The abuse of a Muslim is disobedience, and fighting him is disbelief.'
وَقَوْلِهِand his sayingلَاdo notتَرْجِعُواreturnبَعْدِيafter meكُفَّارًاas disbelieversيَضْرِبُstrikingبَعْضُكُمْsome of youرَقَبَاتِneck (heads)بَعْضٍsome
And his saying: 'Do not return after me as disbelievers striking some of your necks.'
وَهَذَاand thisمُسْتَفِيضٌis widespreadعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)فِيinالصَّحِيحِthe authenticمِنْofغَيْرِnotوَجْهٍa way
And this is widespread from the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the authentic reports from various sources.
فَإِنَّهُFor heأَمَرَcommandedفِيduringحَجَّةِthe farewell pilgrimageالْوَدَاعِof the farewellأَنْtoيُنَادَىcall outبِهِwith itفِيtoالنَّاسِthe peopleفَقَدْfor heسَمَّىnamedمَنْwhoيَضْرِبُstrikeبَعْضُهُمْsome of themرَقَبَاتٍnecksبَعْضٍsomeبِلَاwithoutحَقٍّrightكُفَّارًاas disbelievers
For he commanded during the farewell pilgrimage to call out to the people; consequently, he named those who strike some of their necks without right as disbelievers.
وَيُسَمَّىand it is namedهَذَاthisالْفِعْلُactionكُفْرًاas disbeliefفَقَدْfor Allahقَالَsaidتَعَالَىexaltedوَإِنْand ifطَائِفَتَانِtwo groupsمِنَofالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersاقْتَتَلُواfightفَأَصْلِحُواthen reconcileبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themفَإِنْifبَغَتْone of them oppressesإِحْدَىone ofهُمَاthemعَلَىagainstالْأُخْرَىthe otherفَقَاتِلُواthen fightالَّتِيthose whoتَبْغِيoppressحَتَّىuntilتَفِيءَthey returnإِلَىtoأَمْرِthe commandاللَّهِof Allahفَإِنْifفَاءَتْreturnsفَأَصْلِحُواthen reconcileبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themبِالْعَدْلِwith justiceوَأَقْسِطُواand be justإِنَّindeedاللَّهَAllahيُحِبُّlovesالْمُقْسِطِينَthe just
And this action is referred to as disbelief, for Allah said: 'And if two groups of the believers fight, then reconcile between them. And if one of them oppresses against the other, then fight those who oppress until they return to the command of Allah. And if they return, then reconcile between them with justice, and be just; indeed, Allah loves the just.'
إِنَّمَاIndeedالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersإِخْوَةٌare brothers
Indeed the believers are brothers.
فَبَيْنَTherefore, it was clarifiedأَنَّthatهَـؤُلَاءِtheseلَمْdo notيَخْرُجُواexitمِنَfromالإِيْمَانِfaithبِالْكُلِّيَّةِentirely
Therefore, it was clarified that these did not exit from faith entirely,
وَلَكِنَّbutفِيهِمْin themمَاthere is whatهُوَisكُفْرٌdisbeliefوَهِيَand it isهَذِهِthisالْخَصْلَةُattribute.
but there is in them what is disbelief, and it is this attribute.
كَمَاAsقَالَsome saidبَعْضُsomeالصَّحَابَةِof the companionsكُفْرٌdisbeliefدُونَless thanكُفْرٍdisbelief.
As some of the companions said: 'disbelief less than disbelief.'
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلُهُhis sayingمَنْwhoقَالَsaidلِأَخِيهِto his brotherيَاOكَافِرٌdisbelieverفَقَدْthen indeedبَائَتْreturnedبِهَاwith itأَحَدُهُمَاone of them
And likewise his saying: 'Whoever says to his brother, O disbeliever, then indeed one of them returned with it.'
فَقَدْFor indeedسَمَّاهُhe namedأَخَاهُhis brotherحِينَwhenالْقَوْلُthe statementوَقَدْand indeedأَخْبَرَhe reportedأَنَّthatأَحَدُهُمَاone of themبَائَتْreturnedبِهَاwith it
For indeed he named him his brother at the time of the statement, and he reported that one of them returned with it.
فَلَوْSo ifخَرَجَone of them exitedأَحَدُهُمَاone of themعَنْfromالإِسْلَامِIslamبِالْكُلِّيَّةِcompletelyلَمْnotيَكُنْbeأَخَاهُhis brotherبَلْbutفِيهِin himكُفْرٌdisbelief.
So if one of them exited from Islam completely, he would not be his brother; rather, there is disbelief in him.