عَلَيْهِupon himنُصُوصٌtextsالْكِتَابُthe Bookوَالسُّنَّةُand the Sunnahوَمَنْand whoeverأَسْلَمَhas submittedبِظَاهِرِهِwith his outward appearanceدُونَwithoutبَاطِنِهِhis inner selfفَهُوَhe isمُنَافِقٌa hypocriteيَقْبَلُacceptsظَاهِرَهُhis outward appearanceفَإِنَّهُfor heلَمْnotيُؤْمَرْcommandedأَنْtoيَشِقَّsplit openعَنaboutقُلُوبِheartsالنَّاسِof people
Upon him are the texts of the Book and the Sunnah. And whoever submits outwardly without his inner self, he is a hypocrite who accepts his outward appearance, for he was not commanded to uncover the hearts of people.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَإِذَاifكَانَ الْإِسْلَامُIslam encompassesيَتَنَاوَلُthe inner beliefالتَّصْدِيقَthe affirmationالْبَاطِنَthe hiddenالَّذِيwhichهُوَisأَصَلٌthe foundationالإِيمَانِof faithفَيْلْزَمُit is necessaryأَنْthatيَكُونَthere beكُلُّeveryمُسْلِمٍMuslimمُؤْمِنًاa believerوَهُوَand this isخِلَافٌcontrary toمَاwhatنُقِلَwas transmittedعَنْfromالْجُمْهُورِthe majority
And also, if Islam encompasses the inner belief which is the foundation of faith, it is necessary that every Muslim be a believer, and this is contrary to what was transmitted from the majority.
لَكِنْButلَاthere is noبِدٌwayفِيinالإِسْلَامِIslamمِنْwithoutتَصْدِيقٍaffirmationيَحْصُلُthat is obtainedبِهِby itأَصْلٌthe foundationالإِيمَانِof faithوَإِلَّاand otherwiseلَمْnotيَثْبُتْbe establishedعَلَيْهِupon himفَيَكُونَand he will beحِينَئِذٍthenمُسْلِمًاa Muslimمُؤْمِنًاbelieverفَلَاthus there is noبِدٌwayأَنْtoيَتَّبَيَّنَclarifyالْمُسْلِمُthe Muslimالَّذِيwhoلَيْسَis notبِمُؤْمِنٍa believer
But there is no way in Islam without an affirmation that establishes the foundation of faith, otherwise it would not be established upon him, and then he would be a Muslim but not a believer, thus there is no way to clarify the Muslim who is not a believer.
وَدُخُولُهُAnd his enteringفِيintoالإِسْلَامِIslamوَالنَّبِيُّand the Prophetﷺpeace be upon himقَالَsaidهَذَاthisجِبْرِيلُGabrielأَتَىٰكُمْhas come to youيُعَلِّمُكُمْto teach youدِينَكُمْyour religionوَقَوْلُهُand his sayingالإِسْلَامُIslamهُوَisالْأَرْكَانُthe pillarsالْخَمْسَةُfiveلَاdoes notيَعْنِيmeanبِهِby itمَنْwhoeverأَدَّاهَاfulfills themبِلَاwithoutإِخْلَاصٍsincerityاللَّهِAllahبَلْbutمَعَwithالنِّفَاقِhypocrisyبَلْbutالْمَعْنِيُّthe intended meaningمِنْofفِعْلِهَاperforming themكَمَاasأُمِرَcommandedبِهَاwith themبَاطِنًاinternallyوَظَاهِرًاand externallyوَذُكِرَand mentionedالْخَمْسَthe fiveأَنَّهَاthat they areهِيَtheالإِسْلَامُIslamلِأَنَّهَاbecause they areهِيَtheالْعِبَادَاتُacts of worshipالمَحْضَةُpureالَّتِيwhichتَجِبُare obligatoryاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Exaltedعَلَىonكُلِّeveryعَبْدٍservantمُطِيعٍobedient to Himلَهَاto themوَمَاand whatسِوَاهَاis other than themإِمَّاeitherوَاجِبٌobligatoryعَلَىonالْكِفَايَةِthe sufficiencyلِمَصْلَحَةٍfor benefitإِذَاifحَصَلَتْachievedسَقَطَthe obligation is liftedالْوُجُوبُthe obligationوَإِمَّاorمِنْfromحُقُوقِthe rightsالنَّاسِof peopleبَعْضُهُمْsomeعَلَىofبَعْضٍone anotherوَإِنْand ifكَانَthere areفِيهَاin themقُرْبَةٌapproachوَنَحْوُand similarذَٰلِكَthatوَتِلْكَAnd thoseتابِعَةٌare secondaryلِهَذِهِto theseكَمَاasقَالَsaidالْمُسْلِمُthe Muslimمَنْwhoسَلِمَis safeالْمُسْلِمُونَthe Muslimsمِنْfromلِسَانِهِhis tongueوَيَدِهِand his handوَأَفْضَلُand the bestالإِسْلَامُof Islamأَنْis thatتُطْعِمَyou feedالطَّعَامَfoodوَتَقْرَأَand you greetالسَّلاَمَpeaceعَلَىuponمَنْwhomعَرَفْتَyou knowوَمَنْand whoeverلَمْnotتَعْرِفْknowوَنَحْوُand similarذَٰلِكَthatفَهَذِهِso theseالْخَمْسُfiveهِيَareالْأَرْكَانُthe pillarsوَالْمَبَانِيand the foundationsكَمَاasفِيinالإِيمَانِfaith
And his entry into Islam, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'This is Gabriel who has come to you to teach you your religion,' and his saying is 'Islam is the five pillars.' This does not mean whoever fulfills them without sincerity towards Allah, but with hypocrisy. Rather, the intended meaning is that one performs them as commanded, internally and externally. And it was mentioned that the five are Islam because they are the pure acts of worship that Allah, the Exalted, has made obligatory upon every obedient servant. What is besides them is either obligatory on sufficiency for benefit, if achieved then the obligation is lifted, or from the rights of people upon one another, and if there is in them an approach and the like. And those are secondary to these as it was said: 'The Muslim is the one whom other Muslims are safe from his tongue and hand.' The best of Islam is that you feed food and greet peace upon whom you know and upon whom you do not know. So these five are the pillars and the foundations as in faith.
وَقَوْلُAnd the sayingالْقَائِلِof the speakerالطَّاعَاتُthe acts of obedienceثَمَراتٌfruitsالتَّصْدِيقِof the inner affirmationالْبَاطِنِthe hiddenيُرَادُis intendedبِهِby itشَيْئَانِtwo thingsيُرَادُis intendedبِهِby itأَنَّهَاthat they areلَزَامَاتٌnecessitiesلَهُfor itفَمَتَىso wheneverوُجِدَfoundالإِيمَانُfaithالْبَاطِنُthe hiddenوُجِدَتْit is foundوَهَذَاand thisمَذْهَبٌthe doctrineالسَّلَفِof the predecessorsوَأَهْلِand the peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnah
And the saying of the speaker: The acts of obedience are the fruits of the inner affirmation, is intended by it two things: that they are necessities for it. So whenever the hidden faith is found, they are found, and this is the doctrine of the predecessors and the people of the Sunnah.
وَيُرَادُAnd it is intendedبِهِby itأَنْthatالإِيمَانُfaithالْبَاطِنُthe hiddenقَدْmayيَكُونَbeسَبَبًاa causeوَقَدْand it mayيَكُونَbeالإِيمَانُfaithالْبَاطِنُthe hiddenتَامًّاcompleteكَامِلًاfullyوَهِيَand itلَمْnotتُوجَدْexistوَهَذَاand thisقَوْلٌis the statementالْمُرَجِّئَةُof the Murji'ahمِنَofالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmiyyahوَغَيْرِهِمْand others
And it is intended by it that the hidden faith may be a cause, and it may be that the hidden faith is complete but does not exist. And this is the statement of the Murji'ah of the Jahmiyyah and others.
وَقَدْAndذَكَرْنَاwe have mentionedفِيمَاin whatتَقَدَّمَprecededأَنْهُمْthat theyغَلَطُواerredفِيinثَلاثَةِthreeأَوْجُهٍaspects
And we have mentioned previously that they have erred in three aspects.
أَحَدُهَاOne of themظَنُّهُمْis their assumptionأَنْthatالإِيمَانُfaithالَّذِيwhichفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartيَكُونُisتَامًّاcompleteبِدُونِwithoutالْعَمَلِactionالَّذِيof that whichفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartكَمَحَبَّةِlike the loveاللَّهِof Allahوَخَشْيَتِهِand fear of Himوَخَوْفِهِand apprehension of Himوَالتَّوَكُّلِand relianceعَلَيْهِupon Himوَالشَّوْقِand yearningإِلَىtoلِقَائِهِmeeting Him.
One of them is their assumption that the faith which is in the heart is complete without the action that is in the heart, like the love of Allah, and fear of Him, and apprehension of Him, and reliance upon Him, and yearning to meet Him.