أنَّthatالإسلامَIslamوَandالإيمانَfaithواحِدٌoneوَandكلاهماbothقَوْلٌsayingضَعِيفٌweakمُخَالِفٌcontraryلِحَدِيثِto the Hadithجِبْرِيلَ،Gabriel,وَسَائِرَand otherأَحَادِيثَAhadithالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ،(peace be upon him),وَلِهَذَاand thereforeلَمَّاwhenنصَرَdefendedمُحَمَّدَMuhammadبْنَbinنصْرٍNasrالمَرُّوزِيِّthe Maroziالقَوْلَthe sayingالثَّانِيthe secondلَمْnotيَكُنْit wasحُجَّةًa proofعَلَىagainstصِحَّتِهِ،its validity,وَلَكِنْbutاحْتَجَّhe arguedبِمَاwith whatيُبْطِلُinvalidatesبِهِitالقَوْلَthe sayingالأوَّلَ،the first,فَاحْتَجَّand he arguedبِقَوْلِهِwith his sayingفِيinقِصَّةِthe storyالأَعْرَابِ :of the Bedouins:﴿بَلِ﴿Indeed,اللَّهُGodيَمُنُّbestowsعَلَيْكُمْupon youأَنْthatهَدَانَكُمْHe has guided youلِلْإِيمَانِto faithإِنْifكُنتُمْyou wereصَادِقِينَ)truthful)
That Islam and faith are one, and both are weak sayings contrary to the Hadith of Gabriel and other Ahadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Therefore, when Muhammad bin Nasr al-Marozi supported the second saying, it was not a proof of its validity, but he argued with what invalidates the first saying, arguing with his saying in the story of the Bedouins: 'Indeed, Allah bestows upon you that He has guided you to faith if you were truthful'.
قَالَHe said:فَدَلَّThis indicatesذَلِكَthatعَلَىthatأَنَّIslam isالإسلامُthe faith,فَيُقَالُ:it is said:بَلْratherيَدُلُّit indicatesعَلَىthe opposite ofنَقِيضٍthat,لِأَنَّbecauseالْقَوْمَthe peopleلَمْdid notيَقُولُوا :say: 'We have submitted,أَسْلَمْنَاwe have believed',بَلْbutقَالُواthey saidآمَنَّا'We have faith,'وَاللَّهُand Allahأَمَرَهُمْcommanded themأَنْto say:يَقُولُوا :'Say:'أَسْلَمْنَا،We have submitted,ثُمَّthenذَكَرَmentionedتَسْمِيَتَهُمْtheir namingبِالْإِسْلَامِwith Islamفَقَالَ :He said:بَلِ'Indeed,اللَّهُAllahيَمُنُّbestowsعَلَيْكُمْupon youأَنْthatهَدَانَكُمْHe has guided youلِلْإِيمَانِto faithإِنْifكُنتُمْyou wereصَادِقِينَ)truthful)
He said: 'This indicates that Islam is faith.' It is said: rather it indicates the opposite of that, because the people did not say, 'We have submitted,' rather they said, 'We have faith,' and Allah commanded them to say, 'We have submitted,' and then He mentioned their naming with Islam, saying: 'Indeed, Allah bestows upon you that He has guided you to faith if you were truthful'.
فَيُقَالُ:It is said:بَلْratherيَدُلُّit indicatesعَلَىthe opposite ofنَقِيضٍthat,لِأَنَّbecauseالْقَوْمَthe peopleلَمْdid notيَقُولُوا :say: 'We have submitted,'أَسْلَمْنَا بَلْ قَالُواwe have believed,' rather they saidآمَنَّا'We have faith,'وَاللَّهُand Allahأَمَرَهُمْcommanded themأَنْto say,يَقُولُوا :say: 'We have submitted,'ثُمَّ ذَكَرَthen mentionedتَسْمِيَتَهُمْtheir namingبِالْإِسْلَامِ،with Islam,فَقَالَ :He said,بَلِIndeed,اللَّهُAllahيَمُنُّbestowsعَلَيْكُمْupon youأَنْthatهَدَانَكُمْHe has guided youلِلْإِيمَانِto faithإِنْifكُنتُمْyou wereصَادِقِينَ)truthful)
It is said: rather it indicates the opposite of that, because the people did not say, 'We have submitted,' rather they said, 'We have faith,' and Allah commanded them to say, 'We have submitted,' and then He mentioned their naming with Islam, saying: 'Indeed, Allah bestows upon you that He has guided you to faith if you were truthful'.
وَلَكِنَّButاللَّهَAllahقَالَ :said:يَمُنُّونَbestowعَلَيْكَupon youأَنْthatأَسْلَمُواthey have submittedقُلْSayلَاdo notتَمُنُّواbestowعَلَىuponإِسْلَامَكُمْ،your Islam,بَلِbutاللَّهُAllahيَمُنُّbestowsعَلَيْكُمْupon you[الحُجُرَاتِ[the Qur'an Al-Hujurat::١٧]17]أَيْ:Meaning:يَمُنُّونَthey bestowعَلَيْكَupon youمَاwhatفَعَلُوهُthey have doneمِنَofالإسلام،Islam,فَاللهُthus Allahتَعَالَىthe Exaltedسَمَّىnamedفِعْلَهُمْtheir actionإسْلَامًا،as submission,وَلَيْسَand it is notفِيinذَٰلِكَthatمَاwhatيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىonأَنَّهُمْthat theyسَمَّوْهُnamed itإسْلَامًا،as Islam,وَإِنَّمَاbutقَالُوا :they said:آمَنَّا'We have faith,'ثُمَّthenأَخْبَرَHe informedأَنَّthatالْمِنَّةَthe bestowal comesتَكُونُby guidanceبِالْهُدَىto guidanceإِلَىtoالإيمان،faith.فَأَمَّاAs forالإسلامَIslamالَّذِيwhichلَاnotإيمانٌfaithمَعَهُ،with it,فَكَانَit wasالنَّاسُthe peopleيَفْعَلُونَهُdoing itخَوْفًاout of fearمِنَofالسَّيْفِ،the swordفَلَاso there is noمِنَّةًbestowalلَهُمْfor themبِفِعْلِهِ،with it,وَإِذَاand ifلَمْnotيَمُنَّbestowاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِمْupon themبِالإيمانِwith faithكَانَwasذَٰلِكَthatكَإِسْلَامِlike the Islamالمُنَافِقِينَof the hypocritesفَلَاso it is notيَقْبَلُهُacceptedاللَّهُfrom Allahمِنْهُمْ،from them,فَأَمَّاAs forإِذَاifكَانُواthey wereصَادِقِينَtruthfulفِيinقَوْلِهِم:their saying:آمَنَّا،'We have faith,'فَاللَّهُAllahهُوَisالْمَانُّthe bestowerعَلَيْهِمupon themبِهَذَاwith thisالإيمانَfaithوَمَاand whatيَدْخُلُentersفِيهِin itمِنَofالإسلام،Islam,وَهُوَand Heسُبْحَانَهُthe Exaltedنَفَىdeniedعَنْهُمْfrom themالإيمانَfaithأَوَّلًا،first,وَهُنَاand hereعَلَّقَHe linkedمِنَّةَthe bestowalاللَّهِof Allahبِهِto itعَلَىonصِدْقِهِم،their truthfulness,فَدَلَّindicatingعَلَىthe permissibilityجَوَازٍof their truthfulness.
But Allah said: 'They bestow upon you that they have submitted; say: 'Do not bestow upon your Islam, but Allah bestows upon you [Al-Hujurat: 17],' meaning they are bestowing upon you what they have done in Islam. Thus Allah the Exalted named their action as submission, and there is nothing in that which indicates that they named it Islam, but they said: 'We have faith,' and then He informed that the bestowal comes through guidance to faith. As for Islam which has no faith with it, the people did it out of fear of the sword, so there is no bestowal for them with it. And if Allah does not bestow upon them with faith, that is like the Islam of the hypocrites, for Allah does not accept it from them. As for if they were truthful in their saying: 'We have faith,' Allah is the bestower of this faith and what enters into it of Islam. And He the Exalted denied faith from them first, and here linked the bestowal of Allah to their truthfulness, indicating the permissibility of their truthfulness.
وَقَدْAnd it hasقِيلَbeen said:إِنَّهُمْthat theyصَارُواbecameصَادِقِينَtruthfulبَعْدَafterذَلِكَ،that,وَيُقَالُ :and it is said:الْمُعَلَّقُthe one who is conditionalبِشَرْطٍby a conditionلَاnotيَسْتَلْزِمُnecessitateوُجُودَthe existenceذَٰلِكَof that condition.وَيُقَالُ :And it is said:لِأَنَّهُbecause itكَانَwasمَعَهُمْwith themإِيمَانٌfaithمَا،a bit,لَكِنَّbutمَاwhatهُوَisالإيمانُthe faithالَّذِيwhichوَصَفَهُhe describedثَانِيًاagainبَلْbutمَعَهُمْthey hadشُعْبَةًa branchمِنَofالإيمانِ.faith.
And it has been said: that they became truthful after that, and it is said: the one who is conditional does not necessitate the existence of that condition. It is said: because there was with them some faith, but what is the faith that he described again? Rather, they had a branch of faith.
قَالَHe said:مُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبْنَbinنَصْرٍ :Nasr:(وَقَالَ(And Allah said:اللَّهُAllahتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿وَمَا﴿And theyأُمِرُواwere commandedإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُواto worshipاللَّهَAllahمُخْلِصِينَsincereلَهُfor Himالدِّينَ﴾religion﴾[الْبَيِّنَةِ[Al-Bayyina::٥]5]وَقَالَ:And He said:﴿إِنَّ﴿Indeed,الدِّينَthe religionعِندَby Allah'sاللَّهِit is Allah'sالإسلامُIslam,[آلِ عِمْرَانَ[Ali Imran::١٩]19]فَسَمَّىAnd He namedإِقَامَةَthe establishmentالصَّلَاةَof prayerوَإِيتَاءِand givingالزَّكَاةِthe almsدِينًاas a religionقَيِّمًاa soundوَسَمَّىand namedالدِّينَthe religionإِسْلَامًا،as Islam,فَمَنso whoeverلَمْdid notيُؤَدِّperformالزَّكَاةَ،the alms,فَقَدْhas certainlyتَرَكَabandonedمِنَfromالدِّينِthe religionالْقَيِّمِ -the sound -الَّذِیwhichأَخْبَرَHe toldاللَّهُAllahأَنَّهُthat it isعِندَهُby Himالدِّينُthe religionوَهُوَand it isالإسلامُ -Islam -بَعْضًا،some,قَالَ :He said:٢٩٥295
Muhammad bin Nasr said: (And Allah the Exalted said: 'And they were commanded except to worship Allah, being sincere to Him in religion' [Al-Bayyina: 5]. And He said: 'Indeed, the religion by Allah is Islam' [Ali Imran: 19]. Hence, He named the establishment of prayer and giving of the alms as a sound religion, and He named the religion as Islam; so whoever fails to perform the alms has certainly abandoned a part of the sound religion - which Allah told that it is with Him the religion - and it is Islam - some.