فَإِنَّمَاfor indeedيَقُولُونَthey say::هُوَheلَاnotدَاخِلٌinsideالْعَالَمِthe worldوَلَاnorخَارِجٌoutside itوَلَاnorهُوَheفَوْقَaboveالعَالَمِthe world،,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseكَلَامُهُمْtheir statementsفِيinالْقَدَرِيَّةِthe Qadaritesيَحْكُونَthey recountعَنْهُمْabout themإِنْكَارَdenialالْعِلْمِknowledgeوَالْكِتَابِand the scripture،,وَهَأُولَاءِand theseالْقَدَرِيَّةُthe Qadaritesالَّذِينَwhoقَالَsaidابْنُ عُمَرَIbn Umarفِيهِمْabout themإِذَاifلَقِيتَyou meetأَوْلَئِكَthoseفَأَخْبِرْهُمْthen tell themأَنَّنِيthat Iبَرِيءٌam freeمِنْهُمْfrom them،,وَأَنَّهُمْand that theyبَرَاءٌare freeمِنِّيfrom me،,وَهُمْand theyالَّذِينَwhoكَانُواwereيَقُولُونَsaying::إِنَّthatاللَّهَAllahأَمَرَcommandsالْعِبَادَthe servantsوَنَهَاهُمْand forbids them،,وَهُوَand Heلَاnotيَعْلَمُknowsمَنْwhoيُطِيعُهُobeys Himمِمَّنْamong those whoيَعْصِيهِdisobeys Himوَلَاnorمِنْwhoيَدْخُلُentersالْجَنَّةَparadiseمِمَّنْamong those whoيَدْخُلُونَenterالنَّارَthe fireحَتَّىuntilفَعَلُواthey didذَلِكَthat،,فَعِلْمُهُHis knowledgeبَعْدَafterمَاwhatفَعَلُوهُthey did،,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالُواthey saidالْأَمْرُthe matterأَنْفٌis new،,أَيٌّthat isمُسْتَأْنَفٌinitiatingيُقَالُit is saidرَوْضَاًa gardenأَنْفٌnew::إِذَاifكَانَتْit isوَافِرَةٌplentifulلَمnotتُرَعْhave been cared forقَبْلَbeforeذَلِكَthat،,يَعْنِيit meansأَنَّهُthat itمُسْتَأْنَفٌis initiatedالْعِلْمُthe knowledgeبِالسَّعِيدِof the happyوَالشَّقِيِّand the miserable،,وَيَبْتَدِئُand it beginsذَلِكَthatمِنْfromغَيْرِwithoutأَنْthatيَكُونَthere beقَدْalreadyتَقَدَّمَpreviouslyبِذَلِكَby thatعِلْمٌknowledgeوَلَاnorكِتَابٌscripture،,فَلَاso there is notيَكُونَto beالْعَمَلُthe actionعَلَىbased onمَاwhatقَدْhas beenقَدَّرَdecreedفَيُحْتَذَىso it can be emulatedبِهِby itحَدْوٌasالْقَدْرِthe decree،,بَلْratherهُوَit isأَمْرٌa matterمُسْتَأْنَفٌinitiatingمُبْتَدَأٌbeginning،,وَاحِدٌand oneمِنَofالنَّاسِthe peopleإِذَاifأَرَادَhe wantsأَنْtoيَعْمَلَworkعَمَلًan actقَدْdecreedفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfمَاwhatيُرِيدُhe intendsعَمَلَهُhis action,,ثُمَّthenعَمَلَهُhe works itكَمَاasقَدَّرَhe decreedفِيinنَفْسِهِhimself،,وَرُبَّمَاand perhapsأَظْهَرَhe showsمَاwhatقَدَّرَhe decreedهُوَitفِيinالخَارِجِthe exteriorبِصُورَتِهِin its image،,وَيُسَمَّىand it is calledهَذَاthisالتَّقْدِيرُthe decreeالَّذِيthatفِيinالنَّفْسِthe selfخَلْقًاcreation،,وَمِنْهُand from itقَوْلُthe sayingالشَّاعِرِof the poet::وَلَأَنْتَand you indeedتَفْرِيyou createمَاwhatخَلَقْتَyou createdوَandبَعْضٌsome ofالْقَوْمِthe people(1)(1)يَخْلُقُcreatesثُمَّthenلَاnotيَفْرِيcreates..يَقُولُhe says::إِذَاifقَدَّرْتَyou decreedأَمْرًاa matterأَمْضَيْتَهُyou established itوَأَنْفَذْتَهُand you executed itبِخِلَافِunlikeغَيْرِكَothers،,فَإِنَّهُfor indeed heعَاجِزٌis unableعَلَىto establishمَاwhatيُقَدِّرُهُhe decrees،,وَقَالَand He saidتَعَالَىMost High::﴿إِنَّاIndeed, weكُلَّeverythingشَيْءٍof a thingخَلَقْتَهُYou created itبِقَدَرٍwith decree..[[الْقَمَرُthe moon]]وَهُوَand Heسُبْحَانَهُexalted is HeيَعْلَمُknowsقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatيَخْلُقَHe createsالأَشْيَاءِthe thingsكُلَّeverythingمَاwhatسَيَكُونُwill be،,وَهُوَand Heيَخْلُقُcreatesبِمَشِيئَتِهِby His will,,فَهُوَHeيَعْلَمُهُknows itوَيُرِيدُهُand wills it,,وَعِلْمُهُand His knowledgeوَإِرَادَتُهُand willقَائِمَةٌstandingبِنَفْسِهِby itself,,وَقَدْand He hasيَتَكَلَّمُspeaksبِهِabout itوَيُخْبِرُand informs about itكَمَاasفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying::﴿لَأَمْلَأَنَّIndeed, I will fillجَهَنَّمَHellمِنْكَfrom youوَمِمَّنْand from those whoتَبِعَكَfollowed youمِنْهُمْof themأَجْمَعِينَall))[[صSad]]وَقَالَHe said::﴿وَلَوْلَاAnd if not forكَلِمَةٌa wordسَبَقَتْthat has precededمِنْfromرَّبِّكَyour Lordلَكَانَit would beلِزَامًاobligatoryوَأَجَلٌand a termمُّسَمًّىdetermined))[[طهTa-Ha]]وَقَالَHe said::﴿وَلَقَدْAnd indeedسَبَقَتْhas precededكَلمَتُنَاOur wordلِعِبَادِنَاfor our servantsالْمُرْسَلِينَthe messengers))إِنَّهُمْIndeed theyهُمُareالْمَنصُورُونَthe victorious..وَإِنَّAnd indeedجُندَنَاOur soldiersلَمُare surelyالْغَالِبُونَthe dominant.))[[الصَّافَّاتِthose who stand in ranks]]وَقَالَHe said::﴿وَلَقَدْAnd surelyأَنزَلْنَاWe have sent downمُوسَىMosesالْكِتَابَthe scriptureفَاخْتُلِفَand it was disputedفِيهِin itوَلَوْلَاAnd if not forكَلِمَةٌa wordسَبَقَتْthat has precededمِنْfromرَّبِّكَyour Lordلَقُضِيَit would have been judgedبَيْنَهُمْbetween them))[[هودHud::١١٠110]]وَهُوَAnd Heسُبْحَانَهُexalted is HeكَتَبَwroteمَاwhatيُقَدِّرُهُHe decreesفِي مَاin whatيَكْتُبُهُHe writesفِيهِin it,,كَمَاasقَالَHe said::﴿أَلَمْDid notتَعْلَمْyou knowأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahيَعْلَمُknowsمَاwhatفِيinالسَّمَاءِthe heavensوَالْأَرْضِand the earth::إِنَّIndeedذَلِكَthatفِيinكِتَابٍa book::إِنَّIndeedذَلِكَthatعَلَىonاللَّهِAllahيَسِيرٌis easy.(1)(1)[[الأَصْلُthe source::النَّاسُthe people).)وَهَذَاAnd thisالْبَيْتُpoemلِزُهَيْرِof Zuhairبِنْson ofأَبِيAbuسَلْمَىSalma.اِالنَّظَرُRefer«شَرْحُto the commentaryدِيۡوَانِof the diwanزُهَيْرٍ»of Zuhairلِثَعْلَبٍby Tha'alab.٩٤،94,وَandلِسَانُthe tongueالْعَرَبِof the Arabsالمُحِيطُthe comprehensive.١٠٩٢/٢1092/2.
For indeed they say: He is neither inside the world nor outside it, nor is He above the world. And likewise, their statements about the Qadarites recount that they deny knowledge and the scripture. And these are the Qadarites about whom Ibn Umar said: If you meet those, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. They are those who said: Allah commanded the servants and forbade them, yet He does not know who obeys Him from those who disobey Him, nor who enters paradise from those who enter Hell, until they did that. His knowledge (of who enters where) comes after what they did, and that is why they said: The matter is new, meaning it is initiated knowledge concerning the happy and the miserable, starting from without prior knowledge or scripture. Thus, the action cannot be based on what has already been decreed. Rather, it is a matter that is initiated anew. A single person, if he wishes to do an action, decrees in himself what he intends to do, then he performs it as he decreed in himself. Perhaps he shows what he decreed in the exterior in its image. This decree that is in the soul is called 'creation'; hence the saying of the poet: "And you indeed create what you have created, while some of the people create, then do not create." He says: When you decree a matter, you establish and perform it unlike others who are unable to establish what they decree. And Allah, the Most High, said: "Indeed, everything We created with decree." He, exalted is He knows before He creates anything all that will be. And He creates by His will, He knows and wills it. His knowledge and will are self-sustained, and He may speak of it and inform of it as in His saying: "Indeed, I will fill Hell from you and from those who follow you all," and He said: "And if not for a word that has preceded from your Lord, it would have been obligatory and a determined term." And He said: "And Our word has indeed preceded for Our messengers; indeed they are the victorious. And indeed Our soldiers are the dominant." And He said: "And indeed We have sent down the scripture to Moses, and it was disputed in it, and if not for a word that has preceded from your Lord, it would have been judged between them." And He, exalted is He, wrote what He decrees in what He writes therein, as He said: "Did you not know that Allah knows what is in the heavens and the earth? Indeed, that is in a book; indeed, that is easy for Allah." (1) [This verse is from Al-Qamar]. This is a verse from Zuhair bin Abi Salma. Refer to the commentary of the diwan of Zuhair by Tha'alab, 94, and the comprehensive tongue of the Arabs, 1092/2.