اعْلَمْKnowيَرْحَمْنَاmay Merciful (God) have mercy on usاللَّهُGodوَإِيَّاكَand youأَنْthatالإيمَانَfaithتَصْدِيقٌis a confirmationبِالْقَلْبِof the heart,,وَقَوْلٌand a statementبِاللِّسَانِby the tongue,,وَعَمَلٌand actionمَعَهُwith itبِالْجَوَارِحِby the limbs
Know that, may God have mercy on us and you, faith is confirmation by the heart, a statement by the tongue, and action by the limbs.
وَذَلِكَAnd it is the case thatأَنَّهُthere is noلَيْسَdifferenceبَيْنَamongأَهْلِthe people ofالعِلْمِknowledgeخِلَافٌdisagreementفِيinرَجُلٍa manلَوْifقَالَhe says::أَشْهَدُI bear witnessأَنْthatاللَّهَGodعَزَّ وَجَلَّthe AlmightyواحِدٌOne,,وَأَنَّand thatمَاwhatجَاءَتْcameبِهِwith itالرُّسُلُthe messengersحَقٌis true,,وَأَقَرَّand he affirmsبِجَمِيعِallالشَّرَائِعِthe ordinances,,ثُمَّthenقَالَhe says::مَاnothingعَقَدَmy heart is attachedقَلْبِيmy heartعَلَىtoشَيْءٍsomethingمِنْofهَذَاthisوَلَاnorأَصْدِقُI believeبِهِit,,أَنَّهُthatلَيْسَis notبِمُسْلِمٍa Muslim,,وَلَوْand ifقَالَhe says::المَسِيحُthe MessiahهُوَisاللَّهُGod,,وَجَحَدَand he deniedأَمْرَthe commandالإِسْلامِof Islamثُمَّthenقَالَhe says::لَمْnotيَعْقِدْhe attachesقَلْبِيmy heartعَلَىtoشَيْءٍsomethingمِنْofذَاكَthat,,أَنَّهُhe isكَافِرٌa disbelieverبِإِظْهَارِby showingذَاكَthat,,وَلَيْسَand notبِمُؤْمِنٍa believer,,فَلَمَّاso whenلَمْnotيَكُنbeبِالإِقْرَارِby the declarationإِذَاifلَمْnotيَكُنbeالتَّصْدِيقُthe affirmationمُؤْمِناًa believer,,وَلَاnorبِالتَّصْدِيقِby the affirmationإِذَاifلَمْnotيَكُنbeمَعَهُwith itالإِقْرَارُthe declarationمُؤْمِناًa believer,,حَتَّىuntilيَكُونَhe isمُصَدِّقًاconfirmingبِقَلْبِهِwith his heartمُقِرًّاacceptingبِلِسَانِهِby his tongue
There is no disagreement among the people of knowledge that a man who says: 'I bear witness that God is One, and that what the messengers brought is true, and I affirm all the ordinances,' then says: 'My heart is not attached to any of this nor do I believe in it,' is not a Muslim. Even if he says: 'The Messiah is God,' and denies the command of Islam, then says: 'My heart is not attached to any of this,' he is a disbeliever by showing that, and not a believer. Therefore, when there is no declaration, if there is no affirmation, he is not a believer, nor by affirmation if there is no declaration alongside it, until he is one who affirms it with his heart, declaring it with his tongue.
فَإِذَاSo ifكَانَthere isتَصْدِيقًاaffirmationبِالْقَلْبِby the heartوَإِقْرَارًاand declarationبِاللِّسَانِby the tongue,,كَانَthen he isعِندَهُمْin their viewمُؤْمِنًاa believer,,وَعِندَand according toبَعْضِهِمsome of themلَاnotيَكُونُbeمُؤْمِنًاa believerحَتَّىuntilيَكُونَthere isمَعَwithالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationعَمَلٌaction,,فَيَكُونُand he becomesبِهَذِهِwith theseالْأَشْيَاءِthingsإِذَاifاجْتَمَعَتْthey gatherمُؤْمِنًاhe is a believer
So if there is affirmation by the heart and declaration by the tongue, then he is a believer in their view; whereas according to some of them, he is not a believer until there is action alongside affirmation, and thereby he becomes a believer when these things come together.
فَلَمَّاSo whenنَفَوْاthey deniedأَنْthatيَكُونَit isالإِيمَانُfaithبِشَيْءٍby one thing,,وَقَالُواand they saidيَكُونُit isبِشَيْئَيْنِby two thingsفِيinقَوْلِthe sayingبَعْضِهِمof some of them,,وَثَلاثَةٌand three thingsفِيinقَوْلِthe sayingغَيْرِهِمof others,,لَمْnotيَكُنbeمُؤْمِنًاa believerإِلَّاexceptبِمَاby whatأَجْمَعُواthey agreed uponعَلَيْهِupon itمِنْofهَذِهِtheseالثَّلاثَةِthreeالأَشْيَاءِthings,,وَذَاكَand thatأَنَّهُwhenإِذَاwhenجَاءَcomesبِهَذِهِwith theseالثَّلاثَةِthreeالأَشْيَاءِ, فَكُلُّهُمْall of themيَشْهَدُbear witnessأَنَّهُthat he isمُؤْمِنٌa believerفَقُلْنَاthen we saidبِمَاby whatأَجْمَعُواthey agreed uponعَلَيْهِupon itمِنَofالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationبِالْقَلْبِby the heart,,وَالإِقْرَارِand the declarationبِاللِّسَانِby the tongue,,وَالْعَمَلِand actionبِالْجَوَارِحِby the limbs
So when they denied that faith could be by one thing, and they said it could be by two things according to some of them, and three things according to others, then a person is not a believer except by what they have collectively agreed upon from these three things; that when he comes with these three things, all of them bear witness that he is a believer. Then we said, by what they collectively agreed upon: affirmation by the heart, declaration by the tongue, and action by the limbs.
فَأَمَّاAs forالطَّائِفَةِthe groupالَّتِيthatذَهَبَتْwentإِلَىtoأَنْthatالْعَمَلَactionلَيْسَis notمِنَofالإِيمَانِfaith,,فَيُقَالُit is said to themمَاذَاwhatأَرَادَdid He wishاللَّهُGodمِنَfromالْعِبَادِthe servantsإِذْwhenقَالَHe said to them::أَقِيمُواEstablishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَآتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَthe almsالإِقْرَارَthe declarationبِذَٰلِكَof thatأَوْorالإِقْرَارَthe declarationوَالْعَمَلَand the action؟?
As for the group that went to say that action is not part of faith, it is said to them: what did God wish from the servants, when He said to them: 'Establish the prayer and give the alms,' was it declaration of that, or declaration and action?
فَإِنْIfقَالَتْthey sayإِنَّthatاللَّهَGodأَرَادَwantedالإِقْرَارَthe declarationوَلَمْand He did notيُرِدْwantالْعَمَلَaction,,فَقَدْthen they haveكَفَرْتُdisbelieved.وَعِندَAnd according toأَهْلِthe people ofالعِلْمِknowledgeمِنَof thoseقَالُواwho said::إِنَّthatاللَّهَGodلَمْdid notيُرِدْwishمِنَfromالْعِبَادِthe servantsأَنْtoيُصَلُّواprayوَلَاand notيُؤَتُواgiveالزَّكَاةَthe alms,,وَإِنْand ifقَالَتْthey sayأَرَادَwantedمِنْهُمْfrom themالإِقْرَارَthe declarationوَالْعَمَلَand the action؟?
If they say that God wished only for the declaration and did not wish for action, then they have disbelieved. And according to the scholars, those who say: 'God did not wish for the servants to pray nor to give the alms,' and if they say He wanted from them the declaration and the action?
قِيلَIt is said::فَإِذَاSo ifكَانَthere isأَرَادَهُمHe wanted themالْأَمْرَيْنِboth matters,,لَمَwhy notزَعَمْتُمyou claimedأَنَّهُthat it isيَكُونَbeمُؤْمِنًاa believerبِأَحَدِهِمَاby one of themدُونَwithoutالْآخَرِthe other?أَرَأَيْتُمْHave you seenلَوْifأَنَّthatرَجُلًاa manقَالَsaid::أَعْمَلُI will actجَمِيعَallمَاthat whichأَمَرَhe commandedبِهِwith itاللَّهُGodوَلَاand notأُقِرُّdeclareبِهِit,,أَيَكُونُwould he beمُؤْمِنًاa believer?فَإِنْThen ifقَالُوا: لَاno,,قِيلَit is said to themفَإِنْIfقَالَ: أُقِرُّI declareبِجَمِيعِby allمَاthat whichأَمَرَhe commandedاللَّهُ, بِهِwith itوَلَاand notأَعْمَلُactبِهِ, أَيَكُونُwould he beمُؤْمِنًاa believer?فَإِنْThen ifقَالُوا: نَعَمyes,,قِيلَit is said to themمَاwhatالْفَارِقُis the difference?فَقَدSurelyزَعَمْتُمyou claimedأَنَّthatاللَّهَGodأَرَادَwantsالأَمْرَيْنِboth mattersجَمِيعًاtogetherفَإِنَّIfجَازَit is permissibleأَنْthatيَكُونَbeبِأَحَدِهِمَاby one of themمُؤْمِنًاa believerإِذَاifتَرَكَhe leavesالْآخَرَthe other,جَازَit is permissibleأَنْthatيَكُونَbeبِالْآخَرِby the otherإِذَاifعَمَلَhe actsبِهِwith itوَلَمْand notيُقِرَّdeclareمُؤْمِنًاa believer,لَاthere is notفَرْقٌthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenذَاكَthat
It is said: So if He wanted both matters from them, why do you claim that a person could be a believer by one without the other? Have you seen if a man says: 'I will do all that which God commanded but will not declare it,' would he be a believer? If they say: 'No,' it is said to them: If he says: 'I declare all that which God commanded and will not act upon it,' would he be a believer? If they say: 'Yes,' it is said to them: What is the difference? Surely you have claimed that God wants both matters together. If it is permissible for one to be a believer by one of them, leaving the other, then it is permissible for one to be a believer by the other if he acts with it and does not declare, there is no difference between that.
فَإِنْIfاحْتَجَّhe arguesفَقَالَand he says::لَوْIfأَنَّthatرَجُلًاa manأَسْلَمَembraced Islamفَأَقَرَّand he declaresبِجَمِيعِby allمَاwhatفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartمَعَwithالْعَمَلِthe actionبِالْجَوَارِحِby the limbs
If he argues and says: If a man embraces Islam and declares with all that is in his heart along with action by the limbs.