رَحْمَةُMercyاللَّهِof Allahبِعِبَادِهِto His servantsالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslims
The mercy of Allah towards His servants, the Muslims.
أَنْThatالْأَئِمَّةَthe imamsالَّذِينَwhoلَهُمْfor themفِيinالْأُمَّةِthe nationلِسَانًاa tongueصِدْقٍof truth
The imams who have a tongue of truth in the nation.
مَثَلُLikeالْأَئِمَّةِthe imamsالْأَرْبَعَةِthe fourوَغَيْرِهِمand othersكَامَالِكِsuch as Malik,,وَالثَّوْرِيِّand Al-Thawri,,وَالأَوْزَاعِيِّand Al-Awzai,,وَاللَّيْثِand Al-Laythبِنِson ofسَعْدٍSaad
Like the imams, the four and others such as Malik, Al-Thawri, Al-Awzai, and Al-Layth ibn Saad.
وَكَالشَّافِعِيِّAnd like Al-Shafi'i,,وَأَحْمَدَand Ahmad,,وَإِسْحَاقَand Ishaq,,وَأَبِيand AbuعُبَيْدٍUbaid,,وَأَبِيand AbuحَنِيفَةَHanifa,,وَأَبِيand AbuيُوسُفَYusuf,,وَمُحَمَّدٍand Muhammad
And like Al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, Ishaq, Abu Ubaid, Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad.
كَانُواThey wereيُنْكِرُونَdenouncingعَلَىagainstأَهْلِthe people ofالْكَلَامِspeechمِنَofالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmiyyahقَوْلَهُمْtheir sayingفِيaboutالْقُرْآنِthe Quran,,وَالْإِيمَانِand faith,,وَصِفَاتِand the attributesالرَّبِّof the Lord
They denounced the people of speech from the Jahmiyyah regarding their saying about the Quran, faith, and the attributes of the Lord.
وَكَانُواAnd they wereمُتَّفِقِينَagreeingعَلَىonمَاwhatكَانَwasعَلَيْهِuponالسَّلَفِthe predecessorsمِنْfromأَنْthatاللَّهَAllahيُرَىwill be seenفِيinالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafter
And they were agreeing on what the predecessors had believed, namely that Allah will be seen in the Hereafter.
وَأَنْAnd thatالْقُرْآنَthe Quranكَلَامٌis the speechاللَّهِof Allahغَيْرُnotمَخْلُوقٌcreated
And that the Quran is not created speech of Allah.
وَأَنْAnd thatالْإِيمَانَfaithلَاdoes notيَتَبَعَّضُfragmentفِيهِin itمِنْofتَصْدِيقٍbeliefالْقَلْبِthe heartوَاللِّسَانِand the tongue
And that faith necessitates belief of the heart and the tongue.
فَلَوْSo ifشَتَمَhe insultsاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messenger,,كَانَhe would beكَافِرًاa disbelieverبَاطِنًاinwardlyوَظَاهِرًاand outwardlyعِندَهُمْamong themكُلَّهُمْall
So if he insults Allah and His Messenger, he would be a disbeliever inwardly and outwardly among them all.
وَمَنْAnd whoeverكَانَwasمُوَافِقًاagreeingلِقَوْلِwith the sayingجَهْمٍJahmفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithبِسَبَبِbecause ofانْتِصَارِthe triumphأَبِيof AbuالْحَسَنِAl-Hassanلِقَوْلِهِfor his sayingفِيaboutالْإِيمَانِfaith
And whoever agrees with the saying of Jahm in faith because of the triumph of Abu Al-Hassan for his saying about faith.
يَبْقَىHe remainsتَارَةًat timesيَقُولُsayingبِقَوْلِwith the sayingالسَّلَفِof the predecessors,,وَالأَئِمَّةِand the imamsوَتَارَةًand at timesيَقُولُhe saysبِقَوْلِwith the sayingالْمُتَكَلِّمِينَof the mutakallimun
He remains at times saying with the saying of the predecessors and the imams, and at times he says with the saying of the mutakallimun.
مَسْأَلَةًAn issueالْمُوَافِقِينَof those agreeingلِجَهْمٍwith Jahm,,حَتَّىuntilفِيinاللَّهِAllahوَرَسُولِهِand His MessengerرَأَيْتُI sawطَائِفَةًa groupسَبًّcursingالْحَنْبَلِيِّينَthe Hanbalis,,وَالشَّافِعِيَّةِand the Shafi'is,,وَالْمَالِكِيَّةِand the Malikis,,إِذاifتَكَلَّمُواthey spokeبِكَلَامِwith the speechالْأَئِمَّةِof the imamsقَالُواthey said::إِنَّIndeedهَذَاthisكُفْرٌis disbeliefبَاطِنًاinwardlyوَظَاهِرًاand outwardly
An issue of those agreeing with Jahm, until in Allah and His Messenger, I saw a group cursing the Hanbalis, Shafi'is, and Malikis, and if they spoke with the speech of the imams, they said: Indeed, this is disbelief inwardly and outwardly.
وَإِذَاAnd ifتَكَلَّمُواthey spokeبِكَلَامِwith the speechأُولَئِكَthoseقَالُواthey said::هَذَاthisكُفْرٌis disbeliefفِيinالظَّاهِرِthe apparent,,وَهُوَand itفِيinالْبَاطِنِthe innerيَجُوزُit is permissibleأَنْto beيَكُونَit isمُؤْمِنًاa believerتَامَّcompleteالْإِيمَانِfaith
And if they spoke with the speech of those, they said: This is disbelief in the apparent, and it is permissible in the inner to be a complete believer.
فَإِنَّFor indeedالْإِيمَانَfaithعِندَهُمْamong themلَاdoes notيَتَبَعَّضُbe fragmented
For indeed faith among them does not be fragmented.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonلَمَّاwhenعَرَفَhe knewالْقَاضِيَthe judgeعِيَاضٍIyyadهَذَاthisمِنَofقَوْلِthe sayingبَعْضِsomeأَصْحَابِهِof his companionsأَنْكَرَهُhe denied itوَنَصَرَand supportedقَوْلَthe sayingمَالِكٍof Malik,,وَأَهْلِand the people ofالسُّنَّةِSunna,,وَأَحْسَنَand excelledفِيinذَٰلِكَthat
And for this reason, when the judge Iyyad knew this from the saying of some of his companions, he denied it and supported the saying of Malik and the people of the Sunna, and excelled in that.
وَقَدْAnd indeedذَكَرْتُI mentionedبَعْضًsomeمِمَّاof whatيَتَعَلَّقُpertainsبِهَذَاto thisفِيinكِتَابِthe bookالصَّارِمِthe swordالْمَسْلُولِunsheathedعَلَىagainstشَاتِمِthe one who insultsالرَّسُولِthe Messenger
And indeed I mentioned some of what pertains to this in the book "The Unsheathed Sword Against the One Who Insults the Messenger."
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseتَجِدُهُمْyou find themفِيinمَسَائِلِissuesالْإِيمَانِof faithيَذْكُرُونَthey mentionأَقْوَالَthe sayingsالْأَئِمَّةِof the imams,,وَالسَّلَفِand the predecessors,,وَيَبحثُونَand they discussبَحْثًاa discussionيُنَاسِبُsuitable forقَوْلِthe sayingالْجَهْمِيَّةِof the Jahmiyyahلِأَنَّbecauseالْبَحْثُthe discourseأَخَذُوهُthey took itمِنْfromكُتُبِthe booksأَهْلِof the people ofالْكَلَامِspeechالَّذِينَwhoنَصَرُواsupportedقَوْلَthe sayingجَهْمٍof Jahmفِيinمَسَائِلِthe issuesالْإِيمَانِof faith
And likewise, you find them in the issues of faith, they mention the sayings of the imams and the predecessors, and they discuss in a discussion suitable for the saying of the Jahmiyyah because they took the discourse from the books of the people of speech who supported the saying of Jahm in the issues of faith.
وَالْرَّازِيُّAnd Al-Raziلَمَّاwhenصَنَّفَhe compiledمَنَاقِبَthe meritsالشَّافِعِيِّof Al-Shafi'iذَكَرَhe mentionedقَوْلَهُhis sayingفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithوَقَوْلِand the sayingالشَّافِعِيِّof Al-Shafi'iقَوْلٌis the sayingالصَّحَابَةِof the companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the followers,,وَقَدْand indeedذَكَرَhe mentionedالشَّافِعِيَّAl-Shafi'iأَنَّهُthat heإِجْمَاعٌis consensusمِنَofالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the followers؟?
And Al-Razi, when he compiled the merits of Al-Shafi'i, mentioned his saying in faith and the saying of Al-Shafi'i is the saying of the companions and the followers, and he indeed mentioned that it is a consensus from the companions and the followers?
وَمَنْAnd whoeverلَقِيَهُmeets himاسْتَشْكَلَhe found it problematicقَوْلَthe sayingالشَّافِعِيِّof Al-Shafi'iجِدًّاvery muchلَأَنَّهُbecause itكَانَwasقَدْindeedانْعَقَدَwas establishedفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfشُبْهَةٌa doubtأَهْلِof the people ofالْبِدَعِinnovationفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithمِنَfromالْخَوَارِجِthe Kharijitesوَالْمُعْتَزِلَةِand the Mu'tazilahوَالْجَهْمِيَّةِand the Jahmiyyahوَالْكَرَامِيَّةِand the Karamiyyahوَسَائِرِand others ofالْمُرْجِئَةِthe Murji'ah
And whoever meets him found the saying of Al-Shafi'i very problematic because it was established in himself as a doubt of the people of innovation in faith, from the Kharijites, Mu'tazilah, Jahmiyyah, Karamiyyah, and others of the Murji'ah.
(١)(1)
(1) [See page 513 and beyond, it is from the Islamic Office's print, by the research and commentary of Mr. Issam Al-Haristani, its hadiths are extracted by Sheikh Muhammad Al-Zughli].