يُحِبُّlovesلِأَخِيهِfor his brotherالْمُؤْمِنِthe believerمَاwhatيُحِبُّhe lovesلِنَفْسِهِ،for himself,فَهَذِهِthis isمِنْfromحَقَائِقِthe realitiesالإِيْمَانِof faithالَّتِيthatتَخْتَصُّare specificبِهِ،to him,فَمَنso whoeverلَمْdid notيَتَّصِفْpossessبِهَا،it,لَمْhas notيَكُنbeمِنْofالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersحَقًّاtrulyوَإِنْ كَانَand if he wasمُسْلِمًا،a Muslim,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseوَجَلُّthe fearقَلْبِهِof his heartإِذاifذُكِرَhe mentionedاللَّهُ،Allah,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseزِيَادَةُthe increaseالإِيْمَانِof faithإِذاifتُلِيَتْit is recitedعَلَيْهِupon himآيَاتُهُ.his verses.
He loves for his brother the believer what he loves for himself; this is one of the realities of faith that is specific to him. So whoever does not possess it, is not truly one of the believers, even if he is a Muslim. Likewise, his heart trembles when Allah is mentioned, and the increase of faith occurs when His verses are recited.
فَإِنْIfقِيلَit is said:فَوَاتُthe absenceهَذَاof thisالإِيْمَانِfaithمِنْis fromالذُّنُوبِsinsأَمْorلَا؟not?
If it is said: Is the absence of this faith from sins or not?
قِيلَIt is said:إِذاifلَمْnotيَبْلُغْreachالْإِنْسَانُthe personالْخِطَابَthe addressالْمُوجِبَobligatory for that,لَاnotيَكُنbeتَرْكُهُhis abandonmentمِنْofالذُّنُوبِthe sins.وَأَمَّاAnd as forإِنْifبَلَغَهُhe reachedالْخِطَابَthe addressالْمُوجِبَobligatory for that,فَلَمَّاbut whenعَمِلَhe actedبِهِ،upon it,كَانَit would beتَرْكُهُhis abandonmentمِنْofالذُّنُوبِthe sinsإِذاifكَانَhe wasقَادِرًاableعَلَىto do that.
It is said: If a person does not reach the obligatory address regarding this matter, his neglect of it is not considered a sin. However, if he reaches the obligatory address and does not act upon it, his neglect of it would be a sin if he was capable of doing so.
وَكَثِيرٌAnd manyمِنَofالنَّاسِthe peopleأَوْorأَكْثَرُهُمْmost of themلَيْسَare notعِندَهُمْwith themهَذِهِtheseالتَّفَاصِيلُdetailsالَّتِيwhichتَدْخُلُenterفِيintoالإِيْمَانِ،faith,مَعَwhileأَنَّهُمْtheyقَائِمُونَare performingبِالطَّاعَةِthe obligatory obedienceالْوَاجِبَةِrequiredفِيinالإِسْلَامِ.Islam.وَإِذَاAnd ifوَقَعَتْcommittedمِنْهُمْby themذُنُوبٌsinsتَابُواthey repentedوَاسْتَغْفَرُواand sought forgivenessمِنْهَاfor itوَحَقَائِقُand the realitiesالإِيْمَانِof faithالَّتِيthatفِيinالْقُلُوبِthe heartsلَاnotيَعْرِفُونَthey knowوُجُوبَهَا،its obligation,بَلْratherوَلَاand notأَنَّهَاthat it isمِنَofالإِيْمَانِfaithبَلْbutكَثِيرٌmanyمِمَّنْof those whoيَعْرِفُهَاknow itمِنْهُمْof themيَظُنُّthinkأَنَّهَاthat it isمِنَofالنَّوَافِلِthe recommended actsالْمُسْتَحَبَّةِthe desirable, ifإِنْifصَدَقَhe believesبِوُجُودِهَا.in its existence.
And many of the people or most of them are not aware of these details that pertain to faith, although they are performing the obligatory obedience in Islam. And if sins are committed by them, they repent and seek forgiveness for it, but the realities of faith that are in their hearts are unknown to them in terms of their obligation, nor do they know that they are part of faith. In fact, many of those who know it among them think it is part of desirable recommended acts if they believe in its existence.
فَالإِسْلَامُSo Islamيَتَنَاوَلُincludesمِنْthose whoأَظْهَرُواshowedالإِسْلَامَIslamوَلَيْسَand does notمَعَهُhave with himشَيْءٌanythingمِنَofالإِيْمَانِ،the faith,وَهُوَand he isالْمُنَافِقُthe hypocriteالْمُحِضُ،pure.وَيَتَنَاوَلُAnd it includesمِنْthose whoأَظْهَرُواshowedالإِسْلَامَIslamمَعَwithالتَّصْدِيقِthe beliefالْمُجْمَلِgeneralفِيinالْبَاطِنِthe heartوَلَكِنْbutلَمْdid notيَفْعَلُواperformالْوَاجِبَthe obligatoryكُلَّهُall of itلَاnotمِنْfromهَذَاthisوَلَاnorذَاكَ.that.وَهُمْAnd they areالْفُسَّاقُthe immoralيَكُونُونَthere isفِيinأَحَدِهِمْone of themشُعْبَةٌa partنِفَاقٍ،of hypocrisy,وَيَتَنَاوَلُand it includesمِنْthose whoأَتَىbroughtبِالإِسْلَامِIslamالْوَاجِبِthe obligatoryوَمَاand whatيُلْزِمُهُis required of himمِنَofالإِيْمَانِ،faith,وَلَمْand did notيَأْتِbringبِتَمَامِwith completenessالإِيْمَانِof faithالْوَاجِبِ.the obligatory.
So Islam includes those who show Islam and do not possess anything of faith, and he is a pure hypocrite. It also includes those who showed Islam with a general belief in their hearts but did not perform all of the obligations, neither from this nor from that. They are the immoral, one of whom possesses a part of hypocrisy. It includes those who brought the obligatory Islam and what is required of them of faith, but did not bring the completeness of obligatory faith.
وَهَؤُلَاءِAnd theseلَيْسُواare notفُسَّاقًاimmoralتَارِكِينَwho abandonفَرِيضَةًthe obligationظَاهِرَةً،that is apparent,وَلَاnorمُرْتَكِبِينَdo they commitمُحَرَّمًاa clear prohibitions.ظَاهِرًا،openly,لَكِنْbutتَرَكُواthey abandonedمِمَّاof whatحَقَائِقُthe realitiesالإِيْمَانِof faithالْوَاجِبَةِthat are obligatoryعِلْمًا،this is a knowledge,وَعَمَلًاand actionبِالْقَلْبِof the heartيَتْبَعُهُaccompanied byبَعْضِsomeالْجَوَارِحِof the limbsمَاwhatكَانُواthey hadبِهَاby itمَذْمُومِينَ،is blameworthy.وَهَذَاAnd thisهُوَisالنِّفَاقُthe hypocrisyالَّذِيthatكَانَwasيَخَافُهُfearing itالسَّلَفُthe predecessorsاللَّهَof Allahعَلَىregardingنُفُوسِهِمْ،their souls,فَإِنَّfor indeedصَاحِبَهُits possessorقَدْmayيَكُونَbeفِيهِin itشُعْبَةٌa partنِفَاقٍ.of hypocrisy.
And these are not immoral ones who abandon an apparent obligation, nor do they commit a prohibitions openly. But they have abandoned of the obligatory realities of faith in terms of knowledge and action of the heart that is accompanied by some of the limbs, whatever they had with it is blameworthy. And this is the hypocrisy that the predecessors of Allah feared regarding their souls, for indeed its possessor may have in it a part of hypocrisy.
وَبَعْدَAnd after thisمَاwhatمَيَّزَdistinguishedالْمُقَرَّبِينَthe close onesعَلَىfromالْأَبْرَارِthe righteousأَصْحَابِthe companionsالْيَمِينِof the rightمِنْfromإِيمَانٍfaithوَتَوَابِعِهِ،and its consequences,وَذَلِكَand thatقَدْmayيَكُونَbeمِنَfromبَابِthe categoryالْمُسْتَحَبَّاتِ،of the recommended acts,وَقَدْand may alsoيَكُونَbe alsoمِمَّاof whatفَضَّلَ اللَّـهُthe grace of Allahبِهِwith himالْمُؤْمِنَthe believerإِيمَانًاin faithوَإِسْلَامًاand in Islamمِمَّاof whatوَجَبَis obligatoryعَلَيْهِupon himوَلَمْand does notيَجِبْmust be obligatoryعَلَىonغَيْرِهِ،others.وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَthe Prophet said:مَنْwhoeverرَأَىseesمِنْكُمْof youمُنكَرًاan evil actionفَلْيُغَيِّرْهُlet him change itبِيَدِهِ،with his hand,فَإِنْ لَمْif he cannotيَسْتَطِعْhe has the abilityفَبِلسَّانِهِ،then with his tongue,فَإِنْ لَمْif he cannotيَسْتَطِعْhe has the abilityفَبِقَلْبِهِthen with his heartوَذَٰلِكَand thatأَضْعَفُis the weakالإِيْمَانِ.faith.(۱)(1)رَوَاهُRelated byمُسْلِمٌ.Muslim.[تَقَدَّمَ[Repeatedمِرَارًا].many times].
And after this, what distinguishes the close ones from the righteous, the companions of the right, is faith and its consequences, and that may be from the category of recommended acts, and may also be from what Allah has favored the believer in faith and Islam, which is obligatory upon him and not obligatory on others. Therefore, the Prophet said: Whoever among you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand; if he cannot, then with his tongue; if he cannot, then with his heart; and that is the weakest of faith (1). (1) Related by Muslim. [Repeated many times].