أَصْحَابُنَاOur companionsمِنْwhoقَالَsaidبِالْمَوَافَاةِof congruenceوَشَرْطٍand a conditionفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithالْحَقِيقِيِّtrueأَنْthatيُوَافِيhe be in agreement withرَبَّهُhis Lordبِهِwith it,,وَيَخْتُمُand he ends::عَلَيْهِupon him,,وَمِنْهُمْand some of themمِنْwhoلَمْdid notيَجْعَلْmakeذَٰلِكَthatشَرْطًاa conditionفِيَهin itفِيinالْحَالِthe state
Some of our companions who spoke of congruence stated that a condition of true faith is to be in agreement with his Lord in it, and he ends upon it. Among them are those who did not make that a condition in the state.
قَالَHe saidالْأَنْصَارِيُّthe Ansari::لَمَّاwhenذُكِرَmentionedأَنَّthatمُعْظَمَmost ofأَئِمَّةِthe Imamsالْسَّلَفِof the predecessorsكَانُواwereيَقُولُونَsaying::الإِيمَانُfaithمَعْرِفَةٌis knowledgeبِالْقَلْبِof the heartوَإِقْرَارٌand affirmationبِاللِّسَانِwith the tongueوَعَمَلٌand actionبِالْجَوَارِحِwith the limbs,,قَالَhe saidالأَكْثَرُونَthe majorityمِنْofهَؤُولَاءِtheseعَلَىonالْقَوْلِthe sayingبِالْمَوَافَاةِof congruenceوَمَنْand whoeverقَالَsaidبِالْمَوَافَاةِof congruence,,فَإِنَّمَاhe is onlyيَقُولُهُsaying itفِيْمَنfor whomلَمْdid notيَرِدْreceiveالْخَبَرَthe newsبِأَنَّهُthat he isمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradise,,وَأَمَّاand as forمَنْwhoوَرَدَbroughtالْخَبَرَthe newsبِأَنَّهُthat he isمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradise,,فَإِنَّهُhe is indeedيَقَطَعُcertainعَلَىuponإِيمَانِهِhis faith,,كَالْعَشَرَةِlike the tenمِنْofالصَّحَابَةِthe companions..
The Ansari said: When it was mentioned that most of the Imams of the predecessors were saying: Faith is knowledge of the heart, affirmation with the tongue, and action with the limbs, the majority among them said on the saying of congruence, and whoever said of congruence, he is only saying it for those who did not receive the news that he is of the people of Paradise; however, for those who received the news that he is of the people of Paradise, he is indeed certain of his faith, like the ten of the companions.
ثُمَّThenقَالَhe said::وَالَّذِيand whatاخْتَارَهُwas chosen byالْمُحَقِّقُونَthe researchersأَنْthatالإِيمَانَfaithهُوَisالتَّصْدِيقُthe affirmation,,وَقَدْand indeedذَكَرْنَاwe have mentionedاخْتِلَافَthe differencesأَقْوَالِهِمof their sayingsفِيinالْمَوَافَاةِcongruence,,وَأَنَّand thatذَٰلِكَthatهَلْis itشَرْطٌa conditionفِيforصِحَّةِthe validityالإِيمَانِof faithوَحَقِيقَتِهِand its realityفِيinالْحَالِthe state,,وَكَوْنِهِand being itمُعْتَدًّاconsideredعِندَwithاللَّهِGodبِهِwith itوَفِيand inحُكْمِهِHis judgment,,فَمَنْwhoeverقَالَsaid::إِنَّthatذَٰلِكَthatشَرْطٌa conditionفِيِهِin itيَسْتَثْنُونَthey specifyفِيinالْإِطْلَاقِthe generalizationفِيinالْحَالِthe state,,لَاnotأَنَّهُمْthat theyيَشْكُونَdoubtفِيinحَقِيقَةِthe realityالتَّوحِيدِof monotheismوَالْمَعْرِفَةِand knowledge,,لَكِنَّهُمْbut theyيَقُولُونَsayلَاwe do notيَدْرُونَknowأَيَّwhichالإِيمَانَfaithالَّذِيthat whichنَحْنُweمُوَصَفُونَare describedبِهِin itفِيinالْحَالِthe state,,هَلْis itمُعْتَدٌّconsideredبِهِby itعِندَwithاللَّهِGod؟?عَلَىOnمَعْنَىthe meaningأَنَاweنَنْتَفِعُbenefitبِهِfrom itفِيinالْعَاقِبَةِthe outcome,,وَنَجَتْنِيand reapمِنْfromثَمَارَاتِهِits fruits.
Then he said: What the researchers chose is that faith is affirmation, and we have mentioned the differences in their sayings about congruence, and whether this is a condition for the validity of faith and its reality in the state, and being considered by God with it and in His judgment. Whoever said that this is a condition in it, they specify it in the generalization in the state, not that they doubt the reality of monotheism and knowledge, but they say we do not know which faith we are described in the state, is it considered by God? with the meaning that we benefit from it in the outcome and reap its fruits.
فَإِذَاSo ifقِيلَit is saidلَهُمْto them:(أَمُؤْمِنُونَAre you believersأَنْتُمْyouحَقًّا؟truly?أَوْorتَقُولُونَdo you say:: إِنَّthatشَاءَHe willsاللَّهَ؟God?أَوْorتَقُولُونَdo you say:: نَرجُوwe hope?فَيَقُولُونَSo they say:نَحْنُWeمُؤْمِنُونَare believersإِنَّifشَاءَHe willsاللَّهَGod،,يَعْنُونَthey meanبِهَذَاby thisالِاسْتِثْنَاءِexceptionتَفْوِيضَdelegationالأَمْرِof the matterفِيinالْعَاقِبَةِthe outcomeإِلَىtoاللَّهِGodسُبْحَانَهُthe Glorifiedوَتَعَالَىand Exalted،,وَإِنَّمَاand indeedيَكُونُisالإِيمَانُthe faithإِيمَانًاa faithمُعْتَدًّاrecognizedبِهِby itفِيinحُكْمِthe decreeاللَّهِof Godإِذَاifكَانَit isذَٰلِكَthatعِلْمًاknowledgeبِالْفَوْزِof victoryوَآيَةًand a signالْنَّجَاةِof salvation,,وَإِذَاand ifكَانَit isصَاحِبُهُits ownerـ—وَالْعِيَاذَmay Allah protectبِاللَّهِthe personـ—فِيinحُكْمِthe decreeاللَّهِof Godمِنْofالأَشْقِيَاءِthe wretched.,,يَكُونُit isإِيمَانُهُhis faithالَّذِيthat whichتَحَلَّىhe adorns himself withبِهِin itفِيinالْحَالِthe stateعَارِيَّةًa mere loan.قَالَ: وَلَاand noفَرْقٌdifferenceعِندَwithالصَّائِرِينَthe followersإِلَىofهَذَاthisالْمَذْهَبِmethodologyبَيْنَbetweenأَنْthatيَقُولَone says::أَنَاIمُؤْمِنٌam a believerمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradiseقَطْعًاwithout a doubt,أَنْthatيَقُولَsaysأَنَاIحَقًّاtruly..
So if it is said to them: "Are you believers truly? Or do you say: 'If God wills?' Or do you say: 'We hope?' They say: 'We are believers if God wills.' By this exception, they mean to delegate the matter regarding the outcome to God, may He be Glorified and Exalted, and indeed faith is recognized by God if it is that of victory and a sign of salvation; and if its owner, may Allah protect him, is in the decree of God among the wretched, then his faith that he adorns himself with in the state is a mere loan. He said: There is no difference to the followers of this methodology between saying: 'I am undoubtedly a believer of the people of Paradise,' and saying: 'I truly am.'.
قُلْتُI said:,,هَذَاthisإِنَّمَاis onlyيَجِيءُcomesعَلَىuponقَوْلِthe sayingمَنْofيَجْعَلُwho makesالإِيمَانَfaithمَتَنَاوَلًاinclusiveلِأَدَاءِfor performingالْوَاجِبَاتِthe obligatory actsوَتَرْكِand leavingالْمُحَرَّمَاتِthe prohibited.فَمَنْSo whoeverمَاتَdiesعَلَىuponهَذَاthisكَانَisمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradiseوَأَمَّاوَأَمَّاقَوْلُsayingالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmiyyahوَالْمُرْجِئَةِand the Murji'ah::وَهُوَand it isالْقَوْلُthe sayingالَّذِيwhichنَصَرَهُwas supported byهَؤُولَاءِtheseالَّذِينَwhoنَصَرُواsupportedقَوْلَthe sayingجَهْمٍJahmـ—فَإِنَّهُit is,يَمُوتُhe diesعَلَىuponالإِيمَانِfaithقَطْعًاwithout doubt,وَيَكُونُand it isكَامِلًاcompleteالإِيمَانُfaithعِندَهُمْwith them,,وَهُوَand it isمَعَwithهَذَاthisعِندَهُمْwith themمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradise.
I said: This is only based on the words of those who make faith inclusive of performing obligatory acts and leaving the prohibited. So whoever dies upon this is among the people of Paradise. As for the saying of the Jahmiyyah and the Murji'ah — and it is the saying which is supported by those who supported the saying of Jahm — then he dies upon faith without doubt, and he is considered to have complete faith with them, and it is that along with this, he is with them of the people of Paradise.