قَالَHe said::وَأَشْبَاهُهُمْand their likes--فَيُجْمَعُونَthey will be gatheredفِيinتَوَابِيَتِcoffinsمِنْofنَارٍfireثُمَّthenيُقْذَفُونَthey will be thrownبِهِمْwith themفِيintoالنَّارِthe fire.
He said: "And their likes will be gathered in coffins of fire, then they will be thrown into the fire."
وَقَدْAndقَالَsaidغَيْرَotherواحِدٍoneمِنَofالسَّلَفِthe predecessors::أَعْوَانٌthe helpersالظَّلَمَةِof the oppressorsمَنْwhoeverأَعَانَهُمْaided them،,وَلَوْeven ifأَنَّهُheلَاقَىmetلَهُمْfor themدَوَاةًa penأَوْorبَرَّىsharpenedلَهُمْfor themقَلَمًاa pencil،,
And some of the predecessors said: "Helpers of the oppressors are those who aid them, even if he merely meets them with a pen or sharpens a pencil for them,".
وَمِنْهُمْAnd among themمَنْare those whoكَانَused to beيَقُولُsaying::بَلْratherمَنْwhoيَغْسِلُwashثِيَابَهُمْtheir clothesمِنَofأَعْوَانِهِمَtheir helpers،,
And among them are those who used to say: "Rather, it is the one who washes their clothes who is among their helpers,".
وَأَعْوَانُهُمْAnd their helpersهُمْthey areمِنَfromأَزْوَاجِهِمtheir wivesالْمَذْكُورِينَmentionedفِيinالْآيَةِthe verse،,فَإِنَّforالْمُعِينَthe one who aidsعَلَىinالْبِرِّrighteousnessوَالتَّقْوَىand pietyمِنْis ofأَهْلِthe people ofذَاكَthat،,وَالْمُعِينَand the one who aidsعَلَىinالْإِثْمِsinوَالْعُدْوَانِand transgressionمِنْis ofأَهْلِthe people ofذَلِكَthat.
And their helpers are those from their wives mentioned in the verse, for the one who aids in righteousness and piety is from that group, and the one who aids in sin and transgression is from that group.
قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىthe Exalted::مَنْWhoeverيَشْفَعُintercedesشَفَاعَةًan intercessionحَسَنَةًgoodيَكُنْhe will haveلَهُمْfor themنَصِيبٌa shareمِنْهَاof itوَمَنand whoeverيَشْفَعُintercedesشَفَاعَةًan intercessionسَيِّئَةًbadيَكُنْhe will not haveلَمْnotيُفْلِحْsucceedمِنْهَاfrom it
The Exalted said: "Whoever intercedes with a good intercession will have a share of it, and whoever intercedes with a bad intercession will not succeed in it."
[النِّسَاء[An-Nisa:: ٨٥85].
[An-Nisa: 85].
وَالشَّافِعُAnd the intercessorالَّذِيwhoيُعِينُaidsغَيْرَهُother،,فَيَصِيرُand becomesمَعَهُwith himشَفْعًاa pairبَعْدَafterأَنْthatكَانَhe wasوَتْرًاa single one.,,
And the intercessor is the one who aids another, and becomes a pair with him after having been a single one.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisفُسِّرَتit was interpretedالشَّفَاعَةُthe intercessionالْحَسَنَةُgoodبِإِعَانَةِby aidingالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersعَلَىinالْجِهَادِjihadوَالشَّفَاعَةُand the intercessionالسَّيِّئَةُbadبِإِعَانَةِby aidingالْكُفَّارِthe disbelieversعَلَىinقِتَالِfightingالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersكَمَاasذُكِرَmentionedذَلِكَthatابْنُIbnجَرِيرَJarirوَأَبُوand AbuسُلَيْمَانَSulaiman.
And for this, intercession is interpreted as aiding the believers in jihad, and the bad intercession is aiding the disbelievers in fighting the believers, as Ibn Jarir and Abu Sulaiman mentioned.
وَفُسِّرَتAnd it was interpretedالشَّفَاعَةُthe intercessionالْحَسَنَةُgoodبِشَفَاعَةِby the intercessionالإِنْسَانِof a personلِلْإِنْسَانِfor anotherلِيَجْتَلِبَto bringلَهُfor himنَفْعًاbenefit،,أَوْorيُخَلِّصَهُto save himمِنْfromبَلَاءٍtrial،,كَمَاasقَالَsaidالْحَسَنُAl-Hasan,,وَمُجَاهِدٌand Mujahid,,وَقَتَادَةُand Qatada,,وَابْنُand IbnزَيْدٍZaydفَالْشَّفَاعَةُso the intercessionالْحَسَنَةُgoodإِعَانَةٌis aidعَلَىonخَيْرٍgoodيُحِبُّهُhe lovesاللَّهُAllahوَرَسُولُهُand His Messengerمِنْforنَفْعٍbenefitمِنْofيَسْتَحِقُّdeservingالنَّفْعِbenefitوَدَفْعِand preventالضَّرِّharmعَنْfrom whomيَسْتَحِقُّdeservingدَفْعَto preventالضَّرَرِharmعَنْهُfrom him،,وَالشَّفَاعَةُand the intercessionالسَّيِّئَةُbadإِعَانَتُهُis aiding himعَلَىinمَاwhatيَكْرَهُهُhe hatesاللَّهُAllahوَرَسُولُهُand His Messenger،,كَالشَّفَاعَةِlike the intercessionالَّتِيwhichفِيهَاin itظُلْمٌoppressionالْإِنْسَانِof a person,,أَوْorمَنْعُpreventingالإِحْسَانِthe good thatالَّذِيwhichيَسْتَحِقُّهُhe deserves,,وَفُسِّرَتوَفُسِّرَتالشَّفَاعَةُthe intercessionالْحَسَنَةُgoodبِالدُّعَاءِby supplicationلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَfor the believers،,وَالسَّيِّئَةُand the badبِالدُّعَاءِby supplicationعَلَيْهِمagainst themوَفُسِّرَتand it was interpretedالشَّفَاعَةُthe intercessionالْحَسَنَةُgoodبِالْإِصْلَاحِby reconciliationبَيْنَbetweenاثْنَيْنِtwo،,وَكُلٌّand allهَذَاthisصَحِيحٌis correct.
And good intercession is interpreted as the intercession of a person for another to bring him benefit or save him from trial, as Al-Hasan, Mujahid, Qatada, and Ibn Zayd said; thus, good intercession is aid on good that Allah and His Messenger love, for the benefit of those deserving of it and to prevent harm from those deserving of it, while bad intercession is aiding him in what Allah and His Messenger hate, like intercession in which there is oppression of a person or preventing the good he deserves; and good intercession is interpreted as supplication for the believers, and bad intercession as supplication against them, and good intercession as reconciliation between two parties; and all of this is correct.
فَالشَّافِعُSo the intercessorزَوْجُis the spouseالْمَشْفُوعِof the one for whom intercession is madeلَهُfor him,,إذasالْمَشْفُوعُthe one for whom intercession is madeعِندَهُis with himمِنَofالْخَلْقِthe creationإِمَّاeitherأَنْtoيُعِينَهُaid himعَلَىonبِرٍّrighteousnessوَتَقْوَىand pietyوَإِمَّاorأَنْtoيُعِينَهُaid himعَلَىonإِثْمٍsinوَعُدْوَانٍand transgression،,
So the intercessor is the spouse of the one for whom intercession is made, as the one for whom intercession is made is either helped in righteousness and piety or in sin and transgression.
وَكَانَAnd he wasالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)إِذَاwhenأَتَاهُhe came to himطَالِبٌa seekerحَاجَةٍof a needقَالَhe saidلِأَصْحَابِهِto his companions::اشْفَعُواintercedeتُؤْجَرُواyou will be rewardedوَيَقْضِيand Allah will decreeاللَّهُAllahعَلَىonلِسَانِthe tongueنَبِيِّهِof His ProphetمَاwhatشَاءَHe wills.
And the Prophet (peace be upon him) when a seeker of need came to him, said to his companions: "Intercede, and you will be rewarded, and Allah will decree through the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."
وَتَمَامُAnd the completionالكَلَامِof the speechيُبَيِّنُexplainsأَنَّthatالْآيَةَthe verse--وَإِنْand althoughتَنَاوَلَتit addressedالظَّالِمَthe oppressorالَّذِيwhoظَلَمَoppressedبِكُفْرِهِby his disbeliefـ-فَهِيَit is alsoمُتَنَاوِلَةٌaddressingمَاwhatدُونَis less thanذَٰلِكَthatوَإِنand even thoughقِيلَit was saidفِيهَاin it﴿وَمَا كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَAnd what they worshipedفَقَدْit hasثَبَتَbeen establishedفِيinالصَّحِيحِthe authenticعَنْaboutالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)أَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid:: "تَعِسَ"Wretchedعَبْدٌis the servantالدِّينَارِof the dinar،,تَعِسَwretchedعَبْدٌis the servantالدِّرْهَمِof the dirham,,تَعِسَwretchedعَبْدٌis the servantالْقُطِيفَةِof the fine cloth,,تَعِسَwretchedعَبْدٌis the servantالْخَمِيصَةِof the heavy cloth,,تَعِسَwretchedوَانْتَكَسَand he may fallوَإِذَاand ifشِيكَhe is bittenفَلَاthen notانْتَقَشَbe relieved.""
And the completion of the speech explains that the verse - although it addressed the oppressor who oppressed by his disbelief - it is also addressing what is less than that, and even though it was said in it: "And what they worshiped," it has been established in authentic narrations about the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: "Wretched is the servant of the dinar, wretched is the servant of the dirham, wretched is the servant of fine cloth, wretched is the servant of heavy cloth, and wretched is he who may fall; and if he is bitten, he is not relieved."