بِمُنفَصِلٍ،Separately,وَأَمَّاAs forالمُتَّصِلِ،the connected,فَلَاit does notيُسَمُّونَcallالْلَّفْظَthe wordعَامًّgeneralمَخْصُوصًspecificالْبَتَّةَ،at all,فَإِنَّهُbecause itلَمْdid notيَدُلَّindicateإلَّاexceptمُتَّصِلً،connected,وَالِاتِّصَالُand the connectionمَنَعَهُpreventedالْعُمُومَ،the general meaning,وَهَذَاand thisاصْطِلَاحٌtermكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالْأُصُولِيِّينَ،the scholars of principles,وَهُوَand it isالصَّوَابُ.correct.
Separately, as for the connected, it does not call the word general and specific at all, because it did not indicate except connected, and the connection prevented the generalization, and this is the term of many scholars of principles, and it is correct.
لَاIt is notيُقَالُsaidلِمَاfor whatقَيْدٌis restrictedبِالشَّرْطِby conditionوَالْصِّفَةِand descriptionوَنَحْوِهِمَاand similar things:إِنَّهُthat itدَاخِلٌis includedفِيْمَاin whatخُصَّis specifiedمِنَofالْعُمُومِ،the general meaning,وَلَاand notفِيinالْعَامِّthe generalالمَخْصُوصِ،specific,لَكِنْbutيُقَيَّدُit is restrictedفَيُقَالُit is said:تَخْصِيصٌspecific restrictionمُتَّصِلٍ،connected,وَهَذَاand thisالمُقَيَّدُrestrictedلَاdoes notيَدْخُلُenterفِيinالتَّخْصِيصِthe restrictionالْمُطْلَقِ.absolute.
It is not said for what is restricted by condition and description and similar things that it is included in what is specified from the general meaning, nor in the specific general, but it is said: specific restriction, and this restricted does not enter into the absolute restriction.
وَبِالْجُمْلَةِIn summary,فَيُقَالُ:it is said:إِذَاifكَانَit wasهَذَاthisمَجَازًا،a metaphor,فَيَكُونُthen it becomesتَقيِيدٌthe restrictionالْفِعْلِof the actionالْمُطْلَقِabsoluteبِالْمَفْعُولِwith the objectبِهِ،by it,وَبِظَرْفٍand by the circumstance ofالزَّمَانِtimeوَالْمَكَانِ مَجَازًاand place a metaphorوَكَذَلِكَand likewiseبِالْحَالِ،by the condition,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseكُلَّeverythingمَاthat whichقُيِّدَis restrictedبِقَيْدٍ،by a restriction,فَيَلْزَمُit is necessaryأَنْthatيَكُونَit beالْكَلَامُthe speechكُلَّهُall beمَجَازًا،a metaphor,فَأَيْنَso whereالْحَقِيقَةُ؟is the truth?
In summary, it is said: if this was a metaphor, then the restriction of the absolute action with the object, and by the circumstance of time and place is a metaphor, likewise by the condition, likewise everything that is restricted by a restriction, it is necessary that all the speech be a metaphor, so where is the truth?
فَإِنْIfقِيلَ :it is said:يُفَرَّقُto distinguishبَيْنَbetweenالْقَرَائِنِthe signsالمُتَّصِلَةِconnectedوَالْمُنفَصِلَةِ،and disconnected,فَمَاwhateverكَانَwasالْقَرِينَةُthe signالمُتَّصِلَةُconnectedفَهُوَit isحَقِيقَةً،true,وَمَا كَانَand whatever wasمَعَwithالْمُنفَصِلَةِthe disconnectedكَانَit wasمَجَازًا،a metaphor,قِيلَ:it is said:تَعْنِيdo you meanبِالْمُتَّصِلِby the connectedمَا كَانَwhat wasفِيinالْلَّفْظِthe wordأَوْorمَا كَانَwhat wasمَوْجُودًاpresentحِينَwhenالْخِطَابِ؟the speech?
If it is said to distinguish between the connected signs and the disconnected, whatever was the connected sign, it is true, and whatever was with the disconnected was a metaphor, it is said: do you mean by the connected what was in the word or what was present when the speech?
فَإِنْIfعَنِيتَyou meantالْأَوَّلَthe firstلَزِمَit followsأَنْ يَكُونَthat it beمَاwhatعُلِمَwas knownمِنْfromحَالِthe state ofالْمُتَكَلِّمِthe speakerأَوْorالْمُسْتَمِعِthe listenerأَوَّلًاfirstقَرِينَةً،a sign, disconnected,فَمَاso whatاُسْتُعْمِلَis usedبِلامٍwith the definite articleالتَّعْرِيفِthe definitionلِمَاfor whatيَعْرِفَانِ،they both know,كَمَاasيَقُولُ:he says:قَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)وَهُوَand he isعِندَamongالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsرَسُولُ اللهِ،the Messenger of Allah,أَوْorقَالَsaidالصِّدِّيقُthe truthfulوَهُوَand he isعِندَهُمْamong themأَبُو بَكْرٍ،Abu Bakr,وَإِذَاand ifقَالَa man saidلِلرَّجُلِto a manلصَاحِبِهِ :to his friend:اذْهَبْgoإِلَىtoالأَمِيرِthe princeأَوْorالْقَاضِيthe judgeأَوْorالْوَالِيthe governorيُرِيدُhe wantsمَاwhatيَعْرِفَانِ،they both know,أَنَّهُthat itيَكُونُisمَجَازًا،a metaphor,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseالضَّمِيرُthe pronounيَعُودُreturnsإِلَىtoمَعْلُومٍwhat is knownغَيْرَother thanمَذْكُورٍmentionedكَقَوْلِهِ :such as his saying:إِنَّاIndeed Weأَنزَلْتَهُ﴾have sent it down[القدر: ١]،[Al-Qadr: 1]
If you meant the first, it follows that what was known from the state of the speaker or the listener first is a sign, disconnected, so whatever is used with the definite article for what they both know, as he says: the Prophet said (peace be upon him) and he is among the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah, or the truthful said, and he is among them Abu Bakr, and if a man said to his friend: go to the prince or the judge or the governor, he means what they both know, that it is a metaphor, and likewise the pronoun returns to what is known other than mentioned, such as his saying: Indeed, We have sent it down [Al-Qadr: 1].