وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying:ﹶ("[خَتَمَHe has sealedاللَّهُAllahعَلَىuponقُلُوبِهِمْtheir heartsوَعَلَىand uponسَمْعِهِمْtheir hearing,,وَعَلَىand uponأَبْصَارِهِمْtheir eyesغِشَاوَةٌis a coveringوَلَهُمْand for themعَذَابٌis a punishmentعَظِيمٌgreat
And His saying: (Allah has sealed upon their hearts, and upon their hearing, and upon their eyes is a covering, and for them is a great punishment.)
وَقَدْAnd indeedجَمَعَHe has gatheredسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himبَيْنَbetweenالأُمُورِthe mattersالأَرْبَعَةِfourفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying:ﹶ("[فَإِمَّاSo ifيَأْتِيَنَّكُمْthere comes to youمِنِّيfrom Meهُدًى،guidance,فَمَنِthen whoeverاتَّبَعَfollowsهُدَايَMy guidanceفَلَاthen notيَضِلُّwill he go astrayوَلَاand notيَشْقَىwill he suffer
And indeed, He has gathered the four matters in His saying: (So if there comes to you guidance from Me, then whoever follows My guidance will not go astray nor suffer.)
فَهَذَاSo this isالْهُدَىthe guidanceوَالسَّعَادَةُ.and happiness.
So this is the guidance and happiness.
ثُمَّThenقَالَHe said:ﹶ("[وَمَنْAnd whoeverأَعْرَضَturns awayعَنْfromذِكْرِيMy remembranceفَإِنَّthen indeedلَهُfor him isمَعِيشَةًa lifeضَنكًا.of distress.
Then He said: (And whoever turns away from My remembrance, then indeed for him is a life of distress.)
وَنَحْشُرُهُAnd We will gather himيَوْمَon the Dayالْقِيَامَةِof Resurrectionأَعْمَىblind.
And We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind.
قَالَHe will sayرَبِّىMy Lordلِمَwhyحَشَرْتَنِيhave You gathered meأَعْمَى،blind,وَقَدْwhereasكُنتُI wasبَصِيرًاsighted?
He will say: "My Lord, why have You gathered me blind, whereas I was sighted?"
قَالَHe will say:ﹶكَذَٰلِكَThusأَتَتْكَcame to youآيَاتُنَاOur signsفَنَسِيتَهَا،and you forgot them;وَكَذَٰلِكَand thusالْيَوْمَtodayتُنسَىyou are forgotten.
He will say: "Thus came to you Our signs, and you forgot them; and thus today you are forgotten."
فَذَكَرَSo He mentionedالضَّلَالَmisguidanceوَالشَّقَاءَ.and misery.
So He mentioned misguidance and misery.
فَالْهُدَىSo the guidanceوَالسَّعَادَةُand happinessمُتَلَازِمَانِare inseparableوَالشَّقَاءُand miseryمُتَلَازِمَانِare inseparable.
So the guidance and happiness are inseparable, and misery is inseparable [from misguidance].
فَصْلٌSectionوَذَكَرَAnd he mentionedالصِّرَاطَthe StraightالْمُسْتَقِيمَPathمُفْرَدًاas a singularمُعَرَّفًاdefinedتَعْرِيفَيْنِin two ways:تَعْرِيفًاa definitionبِاللَّامِ،with the definite article,وَتَعْرِيفًاand a definitionبِالْإِضَافَةِ.by annexation.
Section: And he mentioned "the Straight Path" defined in two ways: a definition with the definite article, and a definition by annexation.
وَذَٰلِكَAnd thatيُفِيدُindicatesتَعْيِينَهُits specific designationوَاخْتِصَاصَهُand its exclusivityوَأَنَّهُand that it isصِرَاطٌa pathوَاحِدٌ.one.
And that indicates its specific designation and exclusivity, and that it is a single path.
وَأَمَّاAs forطُرُقِthe pathsأَهْلِof the peopleالْغَضَبِof angerوَالضَّلَالِand misguidanceفَإِنَّهُthen HeسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to Himيَجْمَعُهَاgathers themوَيُفَرِّدُهَا،and distinguishes them,كَقَوْلِهِas in His saying:ﹶ("[وَأَنَّAnd thatهَذَاthisصِرَاطِيis My pathمُسْتَقِيمًاstraightفَاتَّبِعُوهُ،so follow itوَلَاand do notتَتَّبِعُواfollowالسُّبُلَthe [other] pathsفَتَفَرَّقَfor they will separateبِكُمْyouعَنْfromسَبِيلِهِHis path
As for the paths of the people of anger and misguidance, He, Glory be to Him, gathers them and distinguishes them, as in His saying: (And that this is My straight path, so follow it, and do not follow the paths, for they will separate you from His path.)
فَوَحَّدَSo He made singularلَفْظَthe termالصِّرَاطِ"the Path"وَسَبِيلَهُ،and "His path",وَجَمَعَand He pluralizedالسُّبُلَ"the paths"الْمُخَالِفَةَthat opposeلَهُ.it.
So He made singular the term "the Path" and "His path", and He pluralized the paths that oppose it.
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnمَسْعُودٍMas'ud:خَطَّ"Drew for usلَنَاto usرَسُولُthe Messengerاللَّهِof Allahصَلَّىmay Allah's peaceاللَّهُand blessingsعَلَيْهِbe upon himوَسَلَّمَ...خَطًّا،a line"وَقَالَand said:ﹶهَذَا"Thisسَبِيلُis the pathاللَّهِof Allah.
And Ibn Mas'ud said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, drew a line for us and said: 'This is the path of Allah.'
ثُمَّThenخَطَّhe drewخُطُوطًاlinesعَنْtoيَمِينِهِhis rightوَعَنْand toيَسَارِهِhis leftوَقَالَand said:ﹶهَذِهِ"Theseسُبُلٌ،are paths,عَلَىuponكُلِّeveryسَبِيلٍpathشَيْطَانٌis a devilيَدْعُوcallingإِلَيْهِ،to it."
Then he drew lines to his right and to his left and said: 'These are paths, and upon every path is a devil calling to it.'
ثُمَّThenقَرَأَhe recitedقَوْلَهُHis saying:ﹶ("[وَأَنَّAnd thatهَذَاthisصِرَاطِيis My pathمُسْتَقِيمًاstraightفَاتَّبِعُوهُso follow itوَلَاand do notتَتَّبِعُواfollowالسُّبُلَthe pathsفَتَفَرَّقَfor they will separateبِكُمْyouعَنْfromسَبِيلِهِ،His path.ذَلِكُمْThisوَصَّاكُمْHe has enjoined upon youبِهِwith itلَعَلَّكُمْso that you mayتَتَّقُونَbe righteous." (or attain piety)
Then he recited His saying: (And that this is My straight path, so follow it, and do not follow the paths, for they will separate you from His path. This He has enjoined upon you, so that you may attain piety.)
وَهَذَاAnd thisلِأَنَّis becauseالطَّرِيقَthe wayالْمُوَصِّلَleadingإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahوَاحِدٌis oneوَهُوَand it isمَاwhatبَعَثَHe sentبِهِwith itالرُّسُلَthe messengersوَأَنْزَلَand revealedبِهِwith itكُتُبَهُ.His books.
And this is because the way leading to Allah is one, and it is what He sent the messengers with and revealed His books with.
لَاNo oneيَصِلُcan reachإِلَيْهِitأَحَدٌanyoneإِلَّاexceptمِنْfromهَذِهِthisالطَّرِيقِ.way.
No one can reach it except through this way.
وَلَوْEven ifأَتَىcomeالنَّاسُthe peopleمِنْfromكُلِّeveryطَرِيقٍ،way,
Even if the people come from every way,
وَاسْتَفْتَحُواand seek to openمِنْfromكُلِّeveryبَابٍ،door,
and seek to open every door,
فَالطُّرُقُthen the pathsعَلَيْهِمْto themمَسْدُودَةٌ،are blocked,وَالْأَبْوَابُand the doorsعَلَيْهِمْto themمُغْلَقَةٌ.are locked.
then the paths to them are blocked, and the doors to them are locked.