أَعْItمُشْتَقٌّis derivedمِنْfromالصَّفَاتِthe attributes
It is derived from the attributes.
صِفَاتٌAttributesأَكْبَرُare greaterمِنْthanالأَسْمَاءِthe names.
Attributes are greater than names.
مُشْتَقَّةٌThey are derivedمِنْfromالصَّفَاتِthe attributes.
They are derived from the attributes.
فَهِيَSo they areأَسْمَاءٌnames،,وَهِيَand they areأَوْصَافٌdescriptionsوَandبِذَلِكَthusكَانَتْwereحُسْنَىbeautiful,,إِذْforلَوْifكَانَتْthey wereأَلْفَاظًاwordsلَاwithoutمَعَانٍmeaningsفِيهَاin themلَمthey would notتَكُنْbeحُسْنَىbeautiful,,وَلَاnorكَانَتْwould they beدَالَّةًindicatingعَلَىpraiseمَدْحٍorوَلَاcompleteness.كَمَالٍcompleteness.
So they are names and they are descriptions, thus they were beautiful, for if they were words without meanings, they would not be beautiful, nor would they indicate praise or completeness.
وَلَسَاغَAnd it would be permissibleوَقُوعِfor the occurrenceأَسْمَاءِof namesالإِنتِقَامِof retributionوَالغَضَبِand angerفِيinمَقَامِthe position ofالرَّحْمَةِmercyوَandالإِحْسَانِbenevolence,,وَandبِالْعَكْسِconversely.
And it would fit the occurrence of names of retribution and anger in the position of mercy and benevolence, and conversely.
فَيُقَالُSo it is said::اللَّهُمَّO Allahإِنِّيindeed Iظَلَمْتُhave wrongedنَفْسِيmyself,,فَاغْفِرْso forgiveلِيmeإِنَّكَindeed Youأَنتَareالْمُنْتَقِمُthe Avenger.
It is said: O Allah, I indeed have wronged myself, so forgive me, indeed You are the Avenger.
وَاللَّهُمَّAnd O Allahأَعْطِنِيgive me،,فَإِنَّكَfor indeed Youأَنتَareالضَّارُّthe Harmerالْمَانِعُthe Withholder,,وَنَحْوَand similarذَلِكَto that.
And O Allah, give me, for You are the Harmful, the Restrainer, and similar to that.
مَصَادِرُSourcesالْأَفْعَالِof the actions.
Sources of the actions.
وَنَفْيِAnd denyingمَعَانِيthe meaningsأَسْمَائِهِof His namesالْحُسْنَىthe Beautifulمِنْis fromأَعْظُمِthe greatestالإِلْحَادِdeviationفِيهَاconcerning them.
And denying the meanings of His beautiful names is one of the greatest heresies in them.
قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىthe Exalted::((وَذَرُواAnd leaveالَّذِينَthose whoيُلْحِدُونَdeviateفِيconcerningأَسْمَائِهِHis names,,سَيُجْزَوْنَthey will be recompensedمَاfor whatكَانُواthey used toيَعْمَلُونَdo
He the Exalted said: "And leave those who commit heresy in His names; they will be rewarded for what they used to do."
وَلَأَنَّهَاAnd because if theyلَوْwere notلَمْtoتَدُلَّindicateعَلَىa possessorمَانٍand descriptionsوَأَوْصَافٍit would notلَمْbe permissibleيَجُزْto informأَنْabout Himيُخْبَرَthrough its sourcesعَنْهُand be describedبِمَصَادِرِهَاby them.
And because if they do not indicate a possessor and descriptions, it would not be permissible to be informed about it by its sources and be described by them.
لَكِنَّButاللَّهَAllahأَخْبَرَinformedعَنْaboutنَفْسِهِHimselfبِمَصَادِرِهَاthrough its sources،,وَأَثْبَتَهَاand affirmed themلِنَفْسِهِfor Himself،,وَأَثْبَتَهَاand affirmed themلَهُfor HimرَسُولَهُHis Messengerكَقَوْلِهِlike His sayingتَعَالَىthe Exalted::((إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَAllahهُوَisالرَّزَّاقُthe Providerذُوالْقُوَّةِthe Possessor ofالمَتِينِStrength, the Firm.
But Allah informed about Himself by its sources, and affirmed it to Himself, and His Messenger affirmed it as His saying the Exalted: "Indeed Allah is the Provider, the Possessor of strength, the Mighty."
فَعُلِمَThus it is knownأَنَّthat«الْقَوِيُّ'The Strong'
So it is known that 'The Strong'.
مِنْis fromأَسْمَائِهِHis names،,وَمَعْنَاهُand its meaning isالمَوْصُوفُthe One describedبِالْقُوَّةِwith strength.
And its meaning is described with strength.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyقَوْلُهُis His sayingإِنَّ'Indeedلِلَّهِfor Allahالْعِزَّةُis the powerجَمِيعًاentirely.'فَالعَزِيزُSo the Mightyمِنْis the One to whomلَهُbelongsالْعِزَّةَthe power،,فَلَوْلَاso had it not been forثُبُوتٌthe establishmentالْقُوَّةِof strengthوَالْعِزَّةِand powerلَهُfor HimلَمHe would notيُسَمَّhave been namedقَوِيًّاStrongوَلَاnorعَزِيزًاMighty.
And likewise, His saying, ‘Indeed to Allah is the Might of all.’ So the Mighty is from Him the Might; so if not for the assertion of strength and Might for Him, He would not be called Strong nor Mighty.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyقَوْلُهُHis saying((أَنزَلَهُ'He sent it downبِعِلْمِهِwith His knowledge))مَاandعَلِمُوا'They did not knowأَنَّمَاthatأَنزَلَHe sent downبِعِلْمٍwith knowledgeاللَّهُof Allah))وَلَاnorيُحِيطُونَdo they encompassبِشَيْءٍanythingمِنْofعِلْمِهِHis knowledge.
And likewise, His saying, ‘He revealed it by His knowledge’ is about them, as they knew that indeed it was revealed by the knowledge of Allah, nor do they encompass with anything of His knowledge.
وَفِيAnd inالصَّحِيحِSahih Al-Bukhariعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe ProphetصَلَّىmayاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِbless himوَسَلَّمَand grant him peaceإِنَّ'IndeedاللَّهَAllahلَاdoes notيَنَامُsleep,,وَلَاandيُنْبَغِيit is not befittingلَهُfor Himيَنَامَthat He sleep،,يُخَفِّضُHe lowersالْقِسْطَthe scaleوَandيَرْفَعُهُraises it,,يَرْفَعُis raisedإِلَيْهِto Himعَمَلَthe deedاللَّيْلِof the nightقَبْلَbeforeالنَّهَارِthe day,,وَعَمَلَand the deedالنَّهَارِof the dayقَبْلَbeforeاللَّيْلِthe night,,حِجَابُهُHis veilالنُّورُis light,,لَوْifكَشَفَهُHe were to remove it,,لَأَحْرَقَتْwould burnسُبْحَاتُthe splendorsوَجْهِهِof His Faceمَاwhateverانْتَهَىreachesإِلَيْهِup to HimبَصَرُهُHis sight'
And in the authentic from the Prophet, may peace be upon him, indeed Allah does not sleep, nor should it be for Him to sleep; He lowers the scale and raises it; the deeds of the night are raised to Him before the day, and the deeds of the day are raised to Him before the night; His veil is light; if He were to reveal it, the brilliance of His face would burn whatever the sight reached.
خَلْقِهِof His creation.
His creation.
فَأَثْبَتَSo He affirmedالمَصْدَرَthe sourceالَّذِيfrom whichاِشْتُقَّwas derivedمِنْهُfrom itاسْمَهُHis name( الْبَصِيرُ'The All-Seeing'.))
So He established the source from which His name ‘The All-Seeing’ is derived.
سَمْعَهُHis hearing.
His hearing.
وَفِيAnd inصَحِيحِSahihالْبُخَارِيِّAl-BukhariعَنْfromعَائِشَةَAishaرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَاmay Allah be pleased with her::«الْحَمْدُ'All praiseلِلَّهِis due to AllahالَّذِيWhoوَسِعَencompassesالأَصْوَاتِthe voices.'
And in the authentic Bukhari from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her: ‘Praise be to Allah Who encompasses the voices.’