يَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُHe isمَحْمُودٌpraisedفِيinإِلَاهِيَّتِهِHis divinity,,مَحْمُودٌpraisedفِيinرُبُوبِيَّتِهِHis lordship,,مَحْمُودٌpraisedفِيinرَحْمَانِيَّتِهِHis mercifulness,,مَحْمُودٌpraisedفِيinمَلْكِهِHis kingdom,,وَأَنَّهُand thatهُوَHe isإِلَٰهٌGodمَحْمُودٌpraised,,وَرَبٌّand Lordمَحْمُودٌpraised,,وَرَحْمَنٌand Mercifulمَحْمُودٌpraised,,وَمَلِكٌand Kingمَحْمُودٌpraised..
It indicates that He is praised in His divinity, praised in His lordship, praised in His mercifulness, praised in His kingdom, and that He is a praised God, a praised Lord, a praised Merciful, and a praised King.
فَلَهُSo He hasبِذَلِكَby thatجَمِيعَallأَقْسَامِcategoriesالكَمَالِof perfection::كَمَالٌPerfectionمِنْfromهَذَاthisالإِسْمِname,,بِمَفْرَدِهِindividually,,وَكَمَالٌand perfectionمِنْfromالْآخَرِthe otherبِمَفْرَدِهِindividually,,وَكَمَالٌand perfectionمِنْfromاقْتِرَانِthe conjunctionأَحَدُهُمَاof one of themبِالْآخَرِwith the other.
So He has by that all categories of perfection: perfection from this name, individually, and perfection from the other individually, and perfection from the conjunction of one with the other.
مِثَالٌAn exampleذَٰلِكَof that::قَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Exalted::وَاللَّهُAnd Allahغَنِيٌّis Richحَمِيدٌand Praised,,وَاللَّهُAnd Allahعَلِيمٌis All-Knowingحَكِيمٌand Wise,,وَاللَّهُand Allahقَدِيرٌis All-Powerful,,وَاللَّهُand Allahغَفُورٌis Forgivingرَّحِيمٌand Merciful.
An example of that: His saying, the Exalted: 'And Allah is Rich and Praised, and Allah is All-Knowing and Wise, and Allah is All-Powerful, and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.'
فَالغَنِيُّSo the Richصِفَةٌis an attributeكَمَالٍof perfection.وَالْحَمْدُAnd Praiseصِفَةٌis an attributeكَمَالٍof perfection,وَاقْتِرَانُand the conjunctionغِنَاهُof His richnessبِحَمْدِهِwith His praiseكَمَالٌis also perfection.وَعِلْمُهُAnd His knowledgeكَمَالٌis perfection,وَحِكْمَتُهُand His wisdomكَمَالٌis perfection,وَاقْتِرَانُand the conjunctionالعِلْمِof knowledgeبِالْحِكْمَةِwith wisdomكَمَالٌis also perfection.وَقَدْAnd Hisرَتُّهُabilityكَمَالٌis perfection.وَمَغْفَرَتُهُand His forgiveness,كَمَالٌis perfectionوَاقْتِرَانُand the conjunctionالْقُدْرَةِof capabilityبِالْمَغْفِرَةِwith forgivenessكَمَالٌis perfection,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseالْعَفْوُto pardonبَعْدَafterالْقُدْرَةِabilityوَإِنَّAnd surelyاللَّهَAllahكَانَwasعَفُوًّاForgivingقَدِيرًاand Able.
So the Rich is an attribute of perfection. And Praise is an attribute of perfection, and the conjunction of His richness with His praise is also perfection. And His knowledge is perfection, and His wisdom is perfection, and the conjunction of knowledge with wisdom is also perfection. And His power is perfection, and His forgiveness is perfection, and the conjunction of ability with forgiveness is perfection, and likewise to pardon after ability (Indeed Allah was Forgiving and Able).
وَاقْتِرَانُAnd the conjunctionالعِلْمِof knowledgeبِالْحِلْمِwith forbearanceوَاللَّهُand Allahعَلِيمٌis All-Knowingحَلِيمٌand Forbearing.
And the conjunction of knowledge with forbearance, and Allah is All-Knowing and Forbearing.
وَحَمَلَةُAnd the bearersالْعَرْشِof the Throneأَرْبَعَةٌare four:إِثْنَانِTwoيَقُولَانِsayسُبْحَانَكَGlory be to YouاللَّهُمَّO Allahوَبِحَمْدِكَand with Your praise,لَكَto Youالْحَمْدُis the praiseعَلَىforحِلْمِكَYour forbearanceبَعْدَafterعِلْمِكَYour knowledge,,وَإِثْنَانِand twoيَقُولَانِsayسُبْحَانَكَGlory be to YouاللَّهُمَّO Allahوَبِحَمْدِكَand with Your praise,لَكَto Youالْحَمْدُis the praiseعَلَىforعَفْوِكَYour pardonبَعْدَafterقُدْرَتِكَ.Your ability.
And the bearers of the Throne are four: Two say, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise, to You is the praise for Your forbearance after Your knowledge,' and two say, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise, to You is the praise for Your pardon after Your ability.'
فَمَاSo notكُلُّeveryoneمَنْwhoقَدَرَcanعَفَاforgive,وَلَاnorكُلُّeveryoneمَنْwhoعَفَاforgivesيَعْفُوforgivesعَنْfromقُدْرَةٍability,وَلَاnorكُلُّeveryoneمَنْwhoعَلِمَis knowledgeableيَكُونُcan beحَلِيمًاforbearing.وَلَاnorكُلُّeveryoneحَلِيمٌforbearingعَالِمٌis knowledgeable.فَمَاSo notقُرِنَتْwas conjoinedشَيْءٌanythingإِلَىtoشَيْءٍanythingأَزْيَنَmore beautifulمِنْthanحِلْمٍforbearanceإِلَىtoعِلْمٍknowledge.وَمِنْAnd fromعَفْوٍpardonإِلَىtoقُدْرَةٍability,وَمِنْand fromمَلَكٍkingshipإِلَىtoحَمْدٍpraise,وَمِنْand fromعِزَّةٍmightإِلَىtoرَحْمَةٍmercy.وَإِنَّAnd surelyرَبَّكَyour Lordلَهُوَis surelyالْعَزِيزُthe Mightyالرَّحِيمُthe Merciful.
So not everyone who can forgive is forgiving, nor is everyone who forgives able to forgive from ability, nor is everyone who is knowledgeable able to be forbearing, nor is every forbearing person knowledgeable. So not anything that was conjoined is more beautiful than forbearance to knowledge. And from pardon to ability, and from kingship to praise, and from might to mercy, and surely your Lord is surely the Mighty, the Merciful.
وَمِنْAnd fromهَذَاhereكَانَwasقَوْلُthe statementالْمَسِيحِof Christعَلَيْهِpeace be upon him::إِنْIfتُعَذِّبْهُمْYou punish them,فَإِنَّهُمْthen surely theyعِبَادُكَare Your slaves.وَإِنْAnd ifتَغْفِرْYou forgive them,لَهُمْfor themفَإِنَّكَthen surely Youأَنتَareالْعَزِيزُthe Mightyالْحَكِيمُthe Wise.))
And from here was the statement of Christ, peace be upon him: 'If You punish them, then surely they are Your slaves, and if You forgive them, then surely You are the Mighty, the Wise.'
أَحْسَنُIt is betterمِنْthanأَنْtoيَقُولَsay:وَإِنْAnd ifتَغْفِرْYou forgive themلَهُمْto themفَإِنَّكَthen surely Youأَنْتَareالْغَفُورُthe Forgivingالرَّحِيمُthe Merciful...
It is better than to say: 'And if You forgive them, then surely You are the Forgiving, the Merciful.'
أَيُّThat isإِنْifغَفَرْتَYou forgiveلَهُمْfor themكَانَit wasمَصْدَرَthe sourceمَغْفِرَتِكَof Your forgivenessعَنْfromعِزَّةٍmight.وَهِيَAnd it isكَمَالٌperfectionالْقُدْرَةِof capability.وَعَنْAnd fromحِكْمَةٍwisdom,وَهِيَand it isالْعِلْمُknowledge.فَمَنSo whoeverغَفَرَforgivesعَنْfromعَجْزٍinabilityوَجَهْلٍand ignoranceبِجُرْمِof the crimeالْجَانِيof the offenderأَلَّاis notيَكُونَableقَادِرًاwise.بَلْRather,لَاnotيَكُونَis.ذَٰلِكَthatإِلَّاexceptعَجْزًاinability.فَأَنْتَSo Youلَاdo notتَغْفِرَforgiveإِلَّاexceptعَنْfromقُدْرَةٍabilityتَامَّةٍcomplete,,وَعِلْمٍand knowledgeتَامٍّcomplete.
That is, if You forgive them, it was the source of Your forgiveness from might, and it is the perfection of capability, and from wisdom, and it is knowledge. So whoever forgives from inability and ignorance of the crime of the offender is not able, wise. Rather, it is not that except for inability. So You do not forgive except from complete ability, and complete knowledge.