الْفَصْلُThe chapterالْخَامِسُfifth
Chapter Five
فِيInظَهْرِthe backالْقُرْآنِof the Quranوَبَطْنِهِand its interior
On the exterior and interior of the Quran
وَرَدَIt has been reportedفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe nobleالشَّرِيفِhadith
It has been reported in the noble hadith
أَنَّزَلَRevealed wasالْقُرْآنَthe Quranعَلَىuponسَبْعَةِsevenأَحْرُفٍletters
"The Quran was revealed upon seven letters,"
لِكُلِّfor everyآيَةٍverseمِنْهَاfrom themظَهْرٌis an exteriorوَبَطْنٌand an interiorوَلِكُلِّand for everyحَدٍّlimitمَطْلَعٌis a rising place."
"for every verse from them is an exterior and an interior, and for every limit is a rising place."
فَيَنْبَغِيSo it is fittingأَنْthatيُعْلَمَit be knownأَنَّthatظَهْرَthe exterior ofهَذِهِtheseالْعُلُومِfiveالْخَمْسَةِsciences
So it should be known that the exterior of these five sciences
هُوَisمَاwhatيُسَمَّىis calledبِمَدْلُولِby the meaning ofالْكَلاَمِthe speechوَمَنْطُوقِهِand its explicit wording.
is what is called the meaning of the speech and its explicit wording.
أَمَّاAs forبَطْنُهُits interiorفِيinبَابِthe chapter ofالتَّذْكِيرِremindingبِآلاَءِof the bounties ofاللَّهِAllah
As for its interior regarding the chapter of reminding of Allah's bounties:
فَهُوَthen it isالتَّفَكُّرُponderingوَالتَّأَمُّلُand reflectingفِيinآلاَءِthe bounties ofاللَّهِAllahوَنِعَمِهِand His favorsوَآيَاتِand the signs ofقُدْرَتِهِHis power
it is pondering and reflecting upon the bounties of Allah, His favors, and the signs of His power,
وَمُرَاقَبَتُهُand watching Himعَزَّ- majesticشَأْنُهُis His status -
and watching Him - majestic is His status -.
وَبَطْنُAnd the interior ofالتَّذْكِيرِremindingبِأَيَّامِby the days ofاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَى- exalted is He -
And the interior of reminding by the days of Allah - exalted is He -:
مَعْرِفَةُis knowingمَنَاطِthe basis ofالْمَدْحِpraiseوَالذَّمِّand blameوَالثَّوَابِand rewardوَالْعَذَابِand punishment
is knowing the basis of praise, blame, reward, and punishment
مِنْfromتِلْكَthoseالْقَصَصِstoriesالَّتِيthatتَرِدُoccurفِيهِin it
from those stories that occur in it,
وَالِاتِّعَاظُand taking admonitionبِهَاby themوَأَخْذُand takingالدُّرُوسِlessonsوَالْعِبَرِand moralsمِنْهَاfrom them.
and taking admonition by them and deriving lessons and morals from them.
وَبَطْنُAnd the interior ofالتَّذْكِيرِremindingبِالْجَنَّةِwith Paradiseوَالنَّارِand the Fire
And the interior of reminding with Paradise and the Fire:
ظُهُورُis the appearance ofالْخَوْفِfearوَالرَّجَاءِand hopeوَاسْتِحْضَارُهُمَاand bringing them to mindوَتَصَوُّرُهُمَاand visualizing themحَتَّىuntilكَأَنَّهَاas if they areرَأْيُvisible toالْعَيْنِthe eye.
is the emergence of fear and hope, bringing them to mind and visualizing them until it is as if they are seen with the eye.
وَبَطْنُAnd the interior ofآيَاتِthe verses ofالأَحْكَامِrulings
And the interior of the verses of rulings:
اسْتِنْبَاطُis derivingالأَحْكَامِthe rulingsالْخَفِيَّةِhiddenالدَّقِيقَةِsubtleبِالْفَحَاوَىthrough implicationsوَالإِيمَاءِاتِand allusions.
is deriving the subtle hidden rulings through implications and allusions.
وَبَطْنُAnd the interior ofالْجَدَلِthe disputationالْقُرْآنِيِّof the Quranمَعَwithالْفِرَقِthe sectsالضَّالَّةِastrayالْبَاطِلَةِfalse
And the interior of the Quranic disputation with the astray and false sects:
الاِطِّلَاعُis getting acquainted withعَلَىthe reality ofحَقِيقَةِthoseتِلْكَvile mattersالْقَبَائِحِand atrocitiesوَالْفَظَائِعِwith whichالَّتِيthey were describedوُصِفُواand attachingبِهَاtheir counterpartsوَإِلْحَاقُand similarsنَظَائِرِهَاto them.
is recognizing the reality of those vile and atrocious matters with which they were described, and attaching their counterparts and similars to them.
وَأَمَّاAs forمَطْلَعُthe rising place ofالظَّهْرِthe exterior
As for the rising place of the exterior:
فَهُوَit isمَعْرِفَةُknowingلُغَةِthe language ofالْعَرَبِthe Arabsوَالآثَارِand the traditionsالْمُتَعَلِّقَةِpertainingبِعِلْمِto the science ofالتَّفْسِيرِexegesis.
it is knowing the language of the Arabs and the traditions pertaining to the science of exegesis.
وَيُرَادُAnd it is meantبِمَطْلَعِby the rising place ofالْبَطْنِthe interior
And what is meant by the rising place of the interior is:
حِدَّةُsharpness ofالذِّهْنِmindوَلُطْفُهُand its subtletyوَاسْتِقَامَةُand uprightness ofالْفَهْمِunderstandingوَسَدَادُهُand its correctness
sharpness of mind, its subtlety, uprightness of understanding, and its correctness,
مَعَalong withنُورِthe light ofالْبَاطِنِthe interiorوَسَكِينَةِand tranquility ofالْقَلْبِthe heart.
along with the light of the interior and tranquility of the heart.
وَاللَّهُAnd Allahأَعْلَمُknows best.
And Allah knows best.