فِيinنَفْيٍnegationالتَّمْثِيلِrepresentation؛فَهُمْtheyلَاdo notيُكَيِّفُونَattributeوَلَاnorيُمَثِّلُونَrepresent
In the negation of representation; they do not attribute or represent.
قَوْلُهُHis saying«لِأَنَّهُbecause Heسُبْحَانَهُthe Exalted:(:سُبْحَانُSubhanاسْمٌis a nameمَصْدَرٌof a sourceتَسْبِيحٌof glorification،,وَالمَصْدَرُand the sourceتَسْبِيحٌis glorification؛فَـso(سُبْحَانَ)(Subhan)بِمَعْنَىmeaningتَسْبِيحٍglorification،,لَكِنَّهَاbut itبِغَيْرِwithoutاللَّفْظِthe wording،,وَكُلُّand everythingمَاthing thatدَلَّindicatedعَلَىtoمَعْنَىthe meaningالمَصْدَرِof the sourceوَلَيْسَand is notبِلَفْظِهِby its wording؛فَهُوَso itاسْمٌis a nameمَصْدَرٌof a source؛;كـ:like:سُبْحَانُSubhanمِنْfromسَبِّحَthose who glorify،,وَكَلَامٌand the speechمِنْofكَلَّمَthose who spokeوَسَلَامٌand peaceمِنْofسَلَّمَthose who submitted،,وَإِعْرَابُهَاand its grammatical caseمَفْعُولٌis affectedمُطْلَقٌabsolutelyمَنْصُوبٌis accusativeعَلَىonالمَفْعُولِيَّةِthe accusativeالْمُطْلَقَةِabsolute،,وَعَامِلُهَاand its signمَحْذُوفٌis omittedدَائِمًاalways
His saying: 'Because He, the Exalted: (Subhan is a name of a source of glorification; so (Subhan) means glorification, but it is without the wording, and everything that indicates a meaning of a source and is not by its wording; then it is a name of a source; like: Subhan from those who glorify, and speech from those who spoke, and peace from those who submitted, and its grammatical case is an absolute accusative, and its sign is always omitted.'
وَمَعْنَىAnd the meaning(سُبْحَانَ)(Subhan)؛قَالَsaidالعُلَمَاءُthe scholars::مَعْنَاهَاits meaning::نَزَّهَis to purify،,وَأَصْلُهَاand its originمِنَfromالسَّبْحِthe swimming،,وَهُوَand He isالْبُعْدُthe distanceكَأَنَّكَas if youتَبْعُدُremoveصِفَاتِattributesالنَّقْصِof deficiencyعَنْfromاللَّهِAllahعَزَّ وَجَلَّthe Mighty and Majestic؛فَهُوَso Heسُبْحَانَهُthe Exaltedوَتَعَالَىand the Most High
And the meaning of (Subhan); the scholars said: its meaning is to purify, and its origin is from swimming, as if you are removing the attributes of deficiency from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic; so He is the Exalted and the Most High.
**قَوْلُهُHis saying::«لَاnoسَمِيٌّSamiلَهُfor Him::دَلِيلٌevidenceذَٰلِكَthatقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿رَّبُّLordالسَّمَاوَاتِof the heavensوَالْأَرْضِand the earthوَمَاand whatبَيْنَهُمَاis between themفَاعْبُدُهُso worship Himوَأَصْطَبِرْand be patientلِعِبَادَتِهِfor His worshipهَلْDidتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor Himسَمِيًّاa partner
His saying: 'No one is a partner for Him: the evidence of that is His saying, the Exalted: ﴿Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between them; worship Him and be patient for His worship. Do you know for Him a partner?'
هَلْDo::اسْتِفْهَامٌinterrogation،,لَكِنَّbutهَذَاthisبِمَعْنَىmeansالنَّفْيِthe denial،,وَيَأْتِيand comesالنَّفْيُthe negationبِصِيغَةِin the form ofالِاسْتِفْهَامِinterrogationلِفَائِدَةٍfor a great benefitعَظِيمَةٍbenefit،,وَهِيَand itالتَّحَدِّيthe challenge؛لِأَنَّbecauseهُنَاكَthere isفَرْقٌa differenceبَيْنَbetweenأَنَّthatأَقُولُI say::لَاnoسَمِيٌّpartnerلَهُfor Him،,أَوْor﴿هَلْDidتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor Himسَمِيًّاpartner
Did: an interrogation, but it means the denial, and the negation comes in the form of interrogative for a great benefit, and that is the challenge; because, there is a difference between saying: 'no partner for Him' or: 'Do you know for Him a partner?'
لِأَنَّBecauseهَلْdidتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor Himسَمِيًّاa partnerمُتَضَمِّنٌis includedلِلْنَّفْيِin the negationوَلِلْتَّحَدِّيand in the challengeأَيْضًاalso؛فَهُوَso itمُشْرَبٌis imbuedمَعْنَىwith the meaningالتَّحَدِّيof the challenge،,وَهَذِهِand thisقَاعِدَةٌis a ruleمُهِمَّةٌimportant::كُلَّمَاWheneverكَانَwasالِاسْتِفْهَامُthe interrogativeبِمَعْنَىmeansالنَّفْيِthe negation؛;فَهُوَit isمُشْرَبٌis imbuedمَعْنَىwith the meaningالتَّحَدِّيthe challenge؛كَأَنِّيas if Iأَقُولُsay::إِنِّيIfكُنتُyou areصَادِقًاtruthful؛;فَأَتِنِيthen bring to meبِسَمِيwith a partnerلَهُfor him،,وَعَلَىand onهَذَاthis؛;فَـthen﴿هَلْDidتَعْلَمُyou knowلَهُfor Himسَمِيًّاa partner
So: 'Did you know for Him a partner?': is more eloquent than 'no partner for Him.' The partner is the one who is equal.
قَوْلُهُHis saying::وَلَاAnd notكُفْءٌa counterpartلَهُ»for Him'::وَالدَّليلُand the evidenceقَوْلُهُHis statementتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿وَلَمْAnd has notيَكُنbeلَهُfor Himكُفُؤٌany counterpartيُشْبِهُهُthat resembles Him
His saying: 'And there has not been for Him any counterpart that resembles Him.' The evidence is His saying, the Exalted: ﴿And has not been for Him any counterpart that resembles Him.