الرَّحْمَةُmercyتَكُونُisلِكُلِّfor everyoneأَحَدٍoneوَلِهَذَاand for this reasonأَجْمَعَthe scholars agreedالعُلَمَاءُthe scholarsعَلَىthatأَنْكَyou canيَجُوزُsayأَنْ تَقُولَthat you sayفُلَانٍso-and-soرَحِمَهُmay Allah have mercy on himاللَّهُAllahوَاخْتَلَفُواand they differedهَلْwhetherيَجُوزُit is permissibleأَنْ تَقُولَto sayفُلَانٍso-and-soصَلَّىprayedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon him؟?
Mercy is for everyone, and for this reason, the scholars agreed that you can say: 'May Allah have mercy on so-and-so.' They differed on whether it is permissible to say, 'May Allah pray upon so-and-so?'
وَهَذَاand thisيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنْthe prayerالصَّلَاةُthe prayerغَيْرُis different fromالرَّحْمَةِmercyوَأَيْضًاand alsoفَقَدْit has been saidقَالَsaidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Exalted﴿(أَوَلَيْكَIs there for themعَلَيْهِمْupon themصَلَوَاتٌprayersمِّنfromرَّبِّهِمْtheir Lordوَandرَحْمَةٌmercy﴾)[[الْبَقَرَةِ:Al-Baqarah:١٥٧]157]
And this indicates that prayer is different from mercy. And also, Allah the Exalted said: '(Are there for them prayers from their Lord and mercy?) [Al-Baqarah: 157]'
وَالْعَطْفُand the conjunctionيَقْتَضِيnecessitatesالْمُغَايَرَةَdistinctionإِذًاso؛;فَالصَّلَاةُtherefore, prayerأَخَصُّis more specificمِنْthanالرَّحْمَةِmercy؛;
And the conjunction necessitates a distinction; therefore, prayer is more specific than mercy;
فَصَلَاةُtherefore, the prayerاللَّهِof AllahعَلَىuponرَسُولِهِHis Messengerثَنَاؤُهُis His praiseعَلَيْهِupon himفِيinالْمَلَأِthe highest assemblyالأَعْلَىthe highest
therefore, the prayer of Allah upon His Messenger is His praise for him in the highest assembly.
وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseقَوْلُهُHis sayingوَعَلَىand uponآلِهِHis familyآلِهِHis family))هُنَاhere::أَتْبَاعِهِHis followersعَلَىonدِينِهِhis religionهَذَاthisإِذَاifذُكِرَتyou mentionedالْآلُthe familyوَحْدَهَاaloneأَوْorمَعَwithالصَّحْبِthe companions؛;فَإِنَّهَاthen itتَكُونُisبِمَعْنَىmeansأَتْبَاعِهِHis followersعَلَىonدِينِهِhis religionمِنْذُsinceبُعِثَhe was sentإِلَىtoيَوْمِthe dayالْقِيَامَةِof resurrection
And likewise, His saying 'and upon His family' (represented here as His followers on his religion) means that when you mention the family alone or with the companions; then it means his followers on his religion from the time he was sent until the Day of Resurrection.
وَيَدُلُّAnd indicatesعَلَىthatأَنْthe familyالْآلُthe familyبِمَعْنَىas meaningالْأَتْبَاعُthe followersعَلَىonالدِّينِthe religionقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Exaltedفِيinآلِthe familyفِرْعَوْنَ:of Pharaoh:(النَّارُ(the fireيُعْرَضُونَthey are broughtعَلَيْهَاbefore itغُدُوًّاin the morningوَعَشِيَّاand in the eveningوَيَوْمَand on the dayتَقُومُit arisesالسَّاعَةُthe hourأَدْخِلُواenter themءَالَthe familyفِرْعَوْنَof Pharaohأَشَدَّsevereالْعَذَابِthe punishment][غَافِرَ:][Ghafir:٤٦46
And it indicates that 'the family' means as followers on his religion, His saying in reference to the family of Pharaoh: '(The fire they are brought before it morning and evening, and on the day when the Hour arises, enter the family of Pharaoh into the most severe punishment.') [Ghafir: 46], means his followers on his religion.
أَمَّاAs forإِذَاifقَرَّنْتَyou associateبِالْأَتْبَاعِwith the followers؛;
As for if you associate it with the followers;
فَقِيلَit is saidآلُهُhis familyوَأَتْبَاعُهُand his followers؛;
it is said: 'His family and his followers;'
فَالْآلُSo the familyالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believersمِنْfromآلِthe familyالْبَيْتِthe household؛;
So the family of the believers is from the household;
أَيthat isبَيْتُthe houseالرَّسُولِof the Messengerعَلَيْهِupon himالصَّلَاةُpeace and blessingsوَالسَّلَامُand blessings؛;
that is the house of the Messenger upon him peace and blessings;
هُمْThey areوَشَيْخُand Sheikhالإِسْلَامِof IslamابْنُIbnتَيْمِيَّةَTaimiyahرَحِمَهُmay Allah have mercy on himلَمdid notيَذْكُرmentionالْأَتْبَاعَthe followersهُنَاhere؛;
And Sheikh Ibn Taimiyah, may Allah have mercy on him, did not mention the followers here;
أَتْبَاعُهُhis followersعَلَىonدِينِهِمْtheir religionوَصَحْبُهُand his companionsكُلُّallقَالَhe saidآلُهُhis familyوَصَحْبُهُand his companions؛;
he said: 'his family and companions;'
فَنَقُولُSo we sayآلُهُhis familyهُمْThey areمِنfromاجْتَمَعُواwho gatheredبِالنَّبِيِّwith the Prophetﷺ-may peace be upon him-مُؤْمِنًاbelievingبِهِin himوَمَاتَand diedعَلَىuponذَٰلِكَthat؛;
So we say: 'His family are those who gathered with the Prophet, may peace be upon him, believing in him and died upon that.'
وَعَطْفُAnd the conjunctionالصَّحْبِthe companionsهُنَاhereعَلَىonالْآلِthe familyمِنَofبَابٍfrom the kindعَطْفٍas a conjunctionخَاصٍّof the specificعَلَىtoالْعَامِّthe general؛;
And the conjunction of the companions here is as a conjunction of the specific to the general;
لأَنَّbecauseالصَّحْبَةَthe companionshipأَخَصُّis more specificمِنْthanمُطْلَقٍthe generalالِاتِّبَاعِthe following**
because the companionship is more specific than general following.*
قَوْلُهُHis sayingوَسَلَّمَand peaceتَسْلِيمًاa peaceمَزِيدًاadditional
His saying: 'and peace be upon him' is an additional peace;
سَلَامٌPeaceفِيinهَاitالسَّلَامَةُthe safetyمِنْfromالْآفَاتِthe evils،,وَفِيand inالصَّلَاةِthe prayerحُصُولٌthere is a gainالْخَيْرَاتِthe goodness؛;
Peace in it is the safety from evils, and in the prayer, there is a gain of goodness;
فَجَمَعَSo the author gatheredالمُؤَلِّفُthe authorفِيinهَذِهِthis٤٧47
So the author gathered in this 47.