وَالشُّبُهَاتِand the doubtsالَّتِيthatلَاdo notيَسْتَلْزِمُnecessitateتَرْكَهَاabandoning themتَرْكُleavingمَاwhatفَعَلَهُhe didأَرْجَحُis more preferableمِنْهَاthan themكَالْوَاجِبَاتِlike the obligations
And the doubts that do not necessitate abandoning what was done are more preferable than them, like the obligations.
فَأَمَّاAs forمَاwhatيَنْفَعُbenefitsفِيinالدَّارِthe abodeالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafterبِنَفْسِهِby itselfأَوْorعَلَىuponمَاwhatيَنْفَعُbenefitsفِيinالدَّارِthe abodeالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafterفَالزُّهْدُthen asceticismفِيهِin itلَيْسَis notمِنَfromالدِّينِthe religionبَلْratherصَاحِبَهُits possessorدَاخِلٌis includedفِيinقَوْلِهِHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Exaltedالْمَائِدَةِthe TableيَاOأَيُّهَاthoseالَّذِينَwhoآمَنُواbelievedلَاdo notتَحْرُمُواprohibitطَيِّبَاتِthe good thingsمَاwhatأَحَلَّGod has made lawfulاللَّهُAllahلَكُمْfor youوَلَاand do notتَعْتَدُواtransgressإِنَّindeedاللَّهَAllahلَاdoes notيُحِبُّloveالْمُعْتَدِينَthe transgressors
As for what benefits in the Hereafter by itself or what benefits in the Hereafter, then asceticism in it is not part of the religion; rather, its possessor is included in His saying, the Exalted: O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things that Allah has made lawful for you and do not transgress, indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors.
كَمَاJust asأَنَّthatالِاشْتِغَالَengagingبِفُضُولِin excessالْمُبَاحَاتِof the permissible thingsهُوَisضِدُّagainstالزُّهْدِasceticismالْمَشْرُوعِthe legislatedفَإِنَّاfor ifاشْتَغَلَhe engagesبِهَاin itعَنْinstead ofوَاجِبٍan obligationأوorبِفِعْلِby committingمُحَرَّمٍwhat is forbiddenكَانَhe isعَاصِيًاdisobedientوَإِلَّاand otherwiseكَانَhe isمَنْقُوصًاdeficientعَنْfromدَرَجَةِthe degreeالْمُقَرَّبِينَof the nearest onesإِلَىtoدَرَجَةِthe degreeالْمُقْتَصِدِينَof the moderate ones
Just as engaging in excess of the permissible things is against the legislated asceticism; if one engages in it instead of an obligation or by committing something forbidden, he is disobedient; otherwise, he is deficient from the degree of the nearest ones to the degree of the moderate ones.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَالتَّوَكُّلُthe trustهُوَisمَحْبُوبٌlovedلِلَّهِby Allahمَرْضِيٌّpleasingمَأْمُورٌcommandedبِهِwith itدَائِمًاalwaysوَمَاand whatكَانَwasمَحْبُوبًاlovedلِلَّهِby Allahمَرْضِيًّاthat is pleasingمَأْمُورٌcommandedبِهِwith itدَائِمًاalwaysلَاnotيَكُونُbeمِنْfromفِعْلِthe actionالْمُقْتَصِدِينَof the moderate onesدُونَwithoutالْمُقَرَّبِينَthe nearest ones
And also, the trust is loved by Allah, pleasing, commanded with it always, and what was loved by Allah, that is pleasing and commanded with it always, it is not from the action of the moderate ones without the nearest ones.
فَهَذِهِSo theseثَلَاثَةٌthreeأَجْوِبَةٌanswersعَنْaboutقَوْلِهِمtheir sayingالمُتَوَكِّلِthe one who reliesلَاnotيَطْلُبُseeksحَظُوظَهُhis shareوَأَمَّاAnd as forقَوْلِهِمtheir sayingالْأُمُورُthe mattersقَدْhaveفَرَغُواfinishedمِنْهَاfrom it
So these are three answers about their saying that the one who relies does not seek his share, and as for their saying that the matters have been finished.
فَهَذَاThis isنَظِيرٌsimilar toمَاwhatقَالَهُsome of them saidبَعْضُهُمْsome of themفِيinالدُّعَاءِthe supplicationأَنَّهُthat itلَاdo notحَاجَةٌneedإِلَيْهِto itلِأَنَّbecauseالْمَطْلُوبَthe desiredإِنْifكَانَisمُقَدَّرًاdecreedفَلَاthen there is noحَاجَةٌneedإِلَيْهِto itوَإِنْand ifلَمْnotيَكُنْwasمُقَدَّرًاdecreedلَمْnotيَنْفَعْbenefitوَهَذَاand thisالْقَوْلُsayingمِنْofأَفْسَدَthe most corruptالْأَقْوَالِsayingsشَرْعًاin lawوَعَقْلًاand reason
This is similar to what some of them said in the supplication that there is no need to it, because if the desired is decreed, then there is no need to it; and if it is not decreed, it does not benefit; and this saying is one of the most corrupt sayings in law and reason.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلٌthe sayingمَنْof the one who saidقَالَthe trustالتَّوَكُّلُthe trustوَandالدُّعَاءُthe supplicationلَاnotيَجْلِبُbringsبِهِby itمَنْفَعَةًa benefitوَلَاand notيَدْفَعُdoes repelبِهِby itمَضَرَّةًa hardshipوَإِنَّمَاrather it isهُوَit isعِبَادَةٌworshipمَحْضَةٌpure
And likewise, the saying of the one who said that the trust and the supplication do not bring a benefit and do not repel a hardship and that it is rather pure worship.
وَإِنْAnd ifحَقِيقَةُthe realityالتَّوَكُّلِof the trustبِمَنْزِلَةٍis likeحَقِيقَةِthe realityالتَّفْوِيضِof delegationالْمَحْضِpureوَهَذَاand thisوَإِنْand ifكَانَwasقَالَهُsaidطَائِفَةٌa groupمِنَofالْمَشَايِخِthe shaykhsفَهُوَthen it isغَلَطٌwrongأَيْضًاalso
And if the reality of the trust is like the reality of pure delegation, and if a group of the shaykhs said so, then it is also wrong.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلٌthe sayingمَنْof the one who saidقَالَتthat the supplicationالدُّعَاءُthe supplicationإِنَّمَاonlyهُوَit isعِبَادَةٌworshipمَحْضَةٌpure
And likewise, the saying of the one who said that the supplication is only pure worship.
فَهَذِهِSo theseالْأَقْوَالُsayingsوَمَاand whatأَشْبَهَهَاresembles themيَجْمَعُهَاbring them togetherأُصْلٌan originوَاحِدٌone
So these sayings and what resembles them bring them together in one origin.
وَهُوَAnd that isأَنْthatهَؤُلَاءِtheseظَنُّواthoughtأَنْthatكَوْنَthe existenceالْأُمُورِof the mattersمُقَدَّرَةٌare decreedمَقْضِيَّةٌare destinedيَمْنَعُpreventأَنْthatيَتَوَقَّفَdependعَلَىonأَسْبَابٍthe causesمُقَدَّرَةٌare decreedأَيْضًاalsoتَكُونَbeمِنَfromالْعَبْدِthe servantوَلَمand notيَعْلَمُواknow
And that is that these thought that the existence of the matters are decreed, are destined, prevent that they should also depend on the causes that are decreed from the servant, and they did not know.
أَنْthatاللَّهَAllahسُبْحَانَهُthe Most Highيُقَدِّرُdecreesالْأُمُورَthe mattersوَيَقْضِيَهَاand ordains themبِالْأَسْبَابِby the causesالَّتِيthatجَعَلَهَاHe has made themمُعَلَّقَةًdependentبِهَاby itمِنْfromأَفْعَالِthe actionsالْعِبَادِof the servantsوَغَيْرِهَاand other thanأَفْعَالِهِمtheir actions
That Allah, the Most High, decrees the matters and ordains them by the causes that He has made dependent on it from the actions of the servants and other than their actions.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisكَانَthere wasطَوْرٌa stageقَوْلُهُمْof their sayingيُوجِبُnecessitatesتَعْطِيلَthe suspensionالْعُمَّالِthe workersبِالْكُلِّيَّةِentirely
And for this reason, there was a stage of their saying that necessitates the suspension of the workers entirely.
وَقَدْAnd indeedسُئِلَwas askedالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)عَنْaboutهَذَاthisمَرَّاتٍmultiple timesفَأَجَابَand he answeredعَنْهُabout itكَمَاasأَخْرَجَاهُwas narratedفِيinالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two authentic booksعَنْfromعُمَرَانَImranابْنِson ofحُصَيْنٍHusayn
And indeed, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about this multiple times, and he answered about it as was narrated in the two authentic books by Imran ibn Husayn.
قَالَHe saidقِيلَit was saidلِرَسُولِ اللَّهِto the Messenger of Allah(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)أَعْلِمْDo you knowأَهْلَthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof Paradiseمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالنَّارِof Hell
He said it was said to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): Do you know who are the people of Paradise from the people of Hell?
قَالَHe saidنَعَمyesقَالُواthey saidفَفِيمَThen in whatالْعَمَلِwork?قَالَHe saidكُلُّeveryoneمَيْسَرٌis facilitatedلِمَاfor whatخُلِقَhe was createdلَهُfor him
He said: Yes. They said: Then in what work? He said: Everyone is facilitated for what he was created.
وَفِيAnd inالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two authentic booksعَنْaboutعَلِيٍّAliابْنِson ofأَبِيAbuطَالِبٍTalib
And in the two authentic books about Ali ibn Abu Talib.
قَالَHe saidكُنَّاWe wereفِيinجَنَازَةٍa funeralفِيهَاin which isرَسُولُ اللَّهِthe Messenger of Allah(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
He said: We were in a funeral in which is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
فَجَلَسَThen he satوَمَعَهُand with himمِخصَرَةٌa stickفَجَعَلَand he madeيَنْكُتُscratchingبِالْمِخْصَرَةِthe stickفِيinالْأَرْضِthe ground
Then he sat and with him a stick, and he made scratching with the stick in the ground.
ثُمَّThenرَفَعَhe raisedرَأْسَهُhis headوَقَالَand saidمَاThere is notمِنْanyنَفْسٍsoulمَنْفُوسَةٍthat has been breathed intoإِلَّاexcept thatوَقَدْit has alreadyكُتِبَتْbeen writtenمَكَانَهَاits placeمِنَfromالنَّارِthe FireأَوْorالْجَنَّةِParadiseإِلَّاexceptوَقَدْit has alreadyكُتِبَتْbeen writtenشَقِيَّةًwretchedأَوْorسَعِيدَةًhappy
Then he raised his head and said: There is not any soul that has been breathed into except that its place has already been written from the Fire or Paradise, except that it has already been written that it is wretched or happy.
قَالَHe saidفَقَالَand a manرَجُلٌsaidمِنَfromالْقَوْمِthe peopleيَاOنَبِيَّ اللَّهِProphet of AllahأَفَلَاWould we notنَمْكُثَremainعَلَىuponكِتَابِنَاour bookوَنَدَعَand leaveالْعَمَلَthe actionفَمَنfor whoeverكَانَwasمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالسَّعَادَةِof happinessلَيَكُونَنَّwill indeed beإِلَىtoالسَّعَادَةِhappinessوَمَنand whoeverكَانَwasمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالشَّقاوةِof misfortuneلَيَكُونَنَّwill indeed beإِلَىtoالشَّقاوةِmisfortune
He said: And a man from the people said: O Prophet of Allah, would we not remain upon our book and leave the action, for whoever was from the people of happiness will indeed be to happiness, and whoever was from the people of misfortune will indeed be to misfortune?
قَالَHe saidاعْمَلُواWorkفَكُلُّfor everyoneمَيْسَرٌis facilitatedلِمَاto whatخُلِقَhe has createdلَهُfor him
He said: Work, for everyone is facilitated for what he has created for him.
أَمَّاAs forأَهْلُthe peopleالسَّعَادَةِof happinessفَيُسَرُّونَthey will be facilitatedلِلسَّعَادَةِto happinessوَأَمَّاand as forأَهْلُthe peopleالشَّقاوةِof misfortuneفَيُسَرُّونَthey will be facilitatedلِلشَّقاوةِto misfortune
As for the people of happiness, they will be facilitated to happiness; and as for the people of misfortune, they will be facilitated to misfortune.
ثُمَّThenقَالَthe Prophet of Allahنَبِيَّ اللَّهِ(peace be upon him)اللَّيْلَ(the night)
Then the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) said at night.
فَأَمَّاAs forمَنْwhoeverأَعْطَىgivesوَاتَّقَىand fearsوَصَدَّقَand believes inبِالْحُسْنَىthe best
As for whoever gives and fears and believes in the best.