وَالتُّورَاةُand the TorahعَلَىuponمُوسَىMosesعَلَيْهِmay peace be upon himالسَّلاَمُpeaceوَ الزَّبُورُand the PsalmعَلَىuponدَاوُدَDavidعَلَيْهِmay peace be upon himالسَّلاَمُpeaceوَ الإِنْجِيلُand the GospelعَلَىuponعِيسَىJesusعَلَيْهِmay peace be upon himالسَّلاَمُpeaceوَ الْفُرْقَانُand the Criterionعَلَىuponنَبِيِّنَاour prophetمُحَمَّدٌMuhammad**وَ الرَّسُولُand the messengerمِنْwho hasلَهُto himشَرِيعَةٌa lawوَ كِتَابٌand a bookفَيَكُونُso he isأَخَصُّmore specificمِنْthanالنَّبِيِّthe prophet(١)(1)وَعِندَand amongبَعْضِsomeالْعُلَمَاءِscholarsهُوَit isمُرَادِفٌsynonymousلِلنَّبِيِّto the prophetوَ الْإِيمَانُand faithلَازِمٌis obligatoryبِكُلِّwith everyنَبِيٍّprophetسَوَاءٌwhetherأُنْزِلَتْwas revealedعَلَيْهِto himكِتَابٌa bookأَوْorلَمْdid notتُنَزِّلْdescendوَ الْبَعَثُand resurrection::هُوَisأَنْthatيُبْعَثُHe raisesاللَّهُAllahالْمَوْتَىthe deadمِنْfromالْقُبُورِthe gravesبِأَنْby thatيَجْمَعَHe gathersأَجْزَاءَthe partsهُمْtheyالأَصْلِيَّةَoriginalوَيُعِيدُand restoresالأَرْوَاحَthe soulsإِلَيْهَاto it**وَ الْقَدَرَand destinyمَصْدَرٌis a sourceبِمَعْنَىmeaningالْمَقْدُورِthe determinedوَ الْمَقْدُورُand the determinedبِمَعْنَىmeaningالْمُقَدَّرِthe preordained**خَيْرٌgoodهُوَitمَجْرُورٌis in the genitive caseبَدَلٌreplacementمِنْfromالْقَدَرِdestiny،,بَدَلٌsubstituteالْبَعْضُsomeمِنْofالْكُلِّthe whole**وَ شَرَّهُand its evilمَعْطُوفٌis conjoined toعَلَيْهِit،,رَوَىreportedأَنْthatأَبَاAbuبَكْرٍBakrالصِّدِّيقِthe truthfulوَعُمَرَand Omarابْنَson ofاللَّهِAllahعَنْهُمَاmay Allah be pleased with them bothنَاظِراًdiscussedفِيinالْخِطَابِthe speechرَضِيَmay he be pleasedمَسْأَلَةًissueالْقَدَرِof destinyفَكَانَso Abu Bakr saidأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakrيَقُولُsaysلَمْnotيَزَلْcontinueعَالِماًbeing awareبِعِلْمِهِof His knowledgeوَ الْعِلْمُand knowledgeصِفَةٌis an attributeفِيinالْأَزَلِthe eternityوَقَادِراًand capableبِقُدْرَتِهِby His ability،,وَ الْقُدْرَةُand abilityصِفَةٌis an attributeفِيinالْأَزَلِthe eternity،,وَ مُتَكَلِّماًand speakingبِكَلَامِهِwith His wordsوَ الْكَلَامُand speechصِفَةٌis an attributeفِيinالْأَزَلِthe eternity،,وَ خَالِقاًand creatorبِتَخْلِيقِهِby His creationوَ التَّخْلِيقُand the creationصِفَةٌis an attributeفِيinالْأَزَلِthe eternity،,وَ فَاعِلاًand acting(١)(1)هَكَذَاthusفِيinالْأَصْلِthe original textوَلَعَلَّهُand perhapsسَقَطَتْit has been omittedتَعْرِيفُdefinitionالْنَّبِيِّof the prophetكَمَاasيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَيْهِitالسِّيَاقُthe context
And the Torah was upon Moses (may peace be upon him), and the Psalm upon David (may peace be upon him), and the Gospel upon Jesus (may peace be upon him), and the Criterion upon our Prophet Muhammad. The messenger, who has a law and a book, is more specific than the prophet. According to some scholars, it is synonymous with the prophet, and faith is obligatory with every prophet whether a book was revealed to him or not. Resurrection is that Allah raises the dead from graves by gathering their original parts and restoring souls to them. Destiny is a source meaning the determined, and the determined means the preordained. Good is reflected from destiny, substituting it, and evil is conjoined to it. It was reported that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and Omar (may Allah be pleased with them both) discussed the issue of destiny, and Abu Bakr said: He has always been aware with His knowledge, which is an attribute in eternity, and capable with His ability, which is also an attribute in eternity. He speaks with His words, which is an attribute in eternity, and He creates with His creation, which is an attribute in eternity, and He acts.