وَهَذَاand thisأَيْضًاalsoقَدْhasذَكَرْنَاهُwe mentionedأَنَّهُthat heخَلَقَcreatedالكُفْرَdisbeliefوَشاءَهُand willed itوأَمَرَand commandedالكَافِرَthe disbelieverبِالإِيمَانِto believeوَلَمْand did notيَشَأْwillلَهُfor him
And this also has been mentioned that He created disbelief and willed it and commanded the disbeliever to believe, but did not will it for him.
فَإِنْifقِيلَit is saidإِذَنْthenيُعَاقِبُwill punishاللَّهُAllahعِبَادَهُHis servantsعَلَىforمَاwhatيَرْضَىHe is pleased with
If it is said, then Allah will punish His servants for what He is pleased with.
قُلْنَاwe saidلَاnoبَلْbutيُعَاقِبُهُمْHe punishes themعَلَىforمَاwhatلَاnotيَرْضَىHe is pleased with
We said no, but He punishes them for what He is not pleased with.
لِأَنَّهُbecause Heيُعَاقِبُpunishesالكَافِرَthe disbelieverعَلَىforكُفْرِهِhis disbeliefوَالكُفْرَand disbeliefغَيْرَnotمَرْضِيٌّpleasing
Because He punishes the disbeliever for his disbelief, and disbelief is not pleasing.
وَكَذَٰلِكَand similarlyالمَعَاصِيsinsغَيْرَnotمَرْضِيَّةٌpleasing
And similarly, sins are not pleasing.
بِقَوْلِهِby His sayingتَعَالَىExalted Be He::وَلَاand notيَرْضَىHe is pleased withلِعِبَادِهِfor His servantsالكُفْرَdisbeliefوَإِنْand ifتَشْكُرُواyou are gratefulيَرْضَهُHe will please itلَكُمْfor you
By His saying: "And He does not please disbelief for His servants, and if you are grateful, He will please it for you."
فَإِنْIfقِيلَit is saidأَلَسْتَdid you notقُلْتُsaidالمَعَاصِيthe sinsوَالْكُفْرُand disbeliefبِمَشِيئَةِby the willاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَىExalted Be Heوَمَشِيئَتِهِand His willمَرْضِيَّةٌpleasing
If it is said, 'Did you not say that sins and disbelief are by the will of Allah Exalted Be He and His will is pleasing?'
قُلْنَاwe saidنَعَمyes
We said yes.
إنَّIndeedالمَشِيئَةَthe willالإِرَادَةَthe desireوَالقَضَاءِand the decreeوَجَمِيعَand allصِفَاتِهِof His attributesمَرْضِيَّةٌare pleasing
Indeed, the will, the desire, the decree, and all of His attributes are pleasing.
غَيْرَbutأَنْthatالفِعْلَthe actionالحَاصِلَthat occursمِنَfromالْعَبْدِthe servantبِمَشِيئَتِهِby his willقَدْmayيَكُونَbeمَرْضِيًّاpleasingنَحْوَas toالطَّاعَةِobedienceوَقَدْand mayيَكُونَbeمَسْخُوطًاdispleasedغَيْرَnotمَرْضِيًّاpleasing
But the action that occurs from the servant by his will may be pleasing as to obedience, and may be displeasing and not pleasing.
كَالمَعَاصِيlike sinsاعتَبِرْconsiderهَذَاthisبِالأَعْيَانِwith respect to the realitiesلِأَنَّهُbecause itخَلَقَcreatedنَفْسَthe selfالكَافِرِthe disbelieverبِلَاwithoutخِلَافٍdisagreementوَلَيْسَand notيَرْضَىpleased withبِنَفْسِby the selfالكُفْرِof the disbelief
Consider this with respect to the realities, because it created the self of the disbeliever without disagreement and is not pleased with the disbelief itself.
وَكَذَٰلِكَand similarlyالخَمْرَthe wineوَالخَنَازِيرَand pigsفَكَذَاso tooهَذَاthisفِيinالأَفْعَالِthe actions
And similarly, wine and pigs; so too this in the actions.
فَإِنْIfقِيلَit is saidهَلis thereكَانَwasاللَّهُGodقَادِرًاableعَلَىtoأَنْtoيَخْلُقَcreateالْخَلْقَthe creationكُلَّهُمْall of themمُطِيعِينَobedientكَالْمَلَائِكَةِlike the angels
If it is said, 'Was God able to create all of them obedient like the angels?'
قُلْنَاwe saidنَعَمyes
We said yes.
لِقَوْلِهِfor His sayingتَعَالَىExalted Be He::«"قُلْSayفَلِلَّهِfor Allahالْحُجَّةَthe argumentالْبَالِغَةَthe conclusiveفَلَوْifشَاءَHe willedلَهَدَاكُمْHe would guide youأَجْمَعِينَall of you
For His saying: "Say, 'For Allah is the conclusive argument. If He willed, He would have guided you all.'"
وَقَالَAnd He said«"لَوIfشَاءَHe willedلَجَعَلَكُمْHe would have made youأُمَّةًa nationواحِدَةًoneوَلَكِنbutلِيَبْلُوَكُمْto test youفِيمَاin whatآتَاكُمْHe has given you
And He said: "If He willed, He would have made you all one nation, but He wants to test you in what He has given you."
إنَّIndeedالْمَلَائِكَةَthe angelsخُلِقُواwere createdلِطَاعَةٍfor obedienceوَهُمْand theyمَعْصُومُونare protectedعَنْfromالمَعَاصِيsinsوَإِلَّاAnd exceptهَارُوتَHarutوَمَارُوتَand Marutفَإِنَّهُمَاfor theyمَخْصُوصَانِare two exceptionalمِنْfromبَيْنَamongالجُمْلَةِthe group
Indeed, the angels were created for obedience, and they are protected from sins, except for Harut and Marut; for they are two exceptional among the group.
وَالشَّيَاطِينُAnd the devilsخُلِقُواwere createdلِلشَّرِّfor evilإِلَّاexceptواحِدٌoneمِنْهُمْof themقَدْwho hasأَسْلَمَsubmittedوَلَقِيَand metالنَّبِيَّthe Prophet
And the devils were created for evil, except for one of them who has submitted and met the Prophet.