هُوَIt isالإيمَانُ،faith,وَفِيand inالمُسْنَدِthe Musnadعَنْfromأَنَسٍ،Anas,عَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetوَandأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid:«الإسْلامُ"Islamعَلَانِيَّةٌ،is public,وَالإيمَانُand faithفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heart.
It is faith, and in the Musnad from Anas, from the Prophet, that he said: "Islam is public, and faith is in the heart."
وَقَالَAnd he said:إِنَّIndeedفِيinالْجَسَدِthe bodyمُضْغَةٌa morselإِذَاifصَلَحَتْit is soundصَلَحَit is soundلَهَاfor itسَائِرُthe rest ofالْجَسَدِ،the body,وَإِذَاand ifفَسَدَتْit is corruptفَسَدَit is corruptلَهَاfor itسَائِرُthe rest ofالْجَسَدِ،the body,أَلاَbeholdوَهِيَit isالْقَلْبُthe heart.
And he said: "Indeed, in the body there is a morsel. If it is sound, the rest of the body is sound, and if it is corrupt, the rest of the body is corrupt. Behold, it is the heart."
فَمَنْSo whoeverصَلَحَis soundقَلْبُهُhis heartصَلَحَhis body is soundجَسَدُهُindeed,قَطْعًا،certainly,بِخِلَافِunlikeالْعَكْسِ.the opposite.
So whoever has a sound heart, his body is certainly sound, unlike the opposite.
وَقَالَAnd Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said:كَانَThere used to beالْعُلَمَاءُthe scholarsفِيمَاin whatمَضَىhas passedيَكْتُبُونَwritingبَعْضُهُمْsome of themإِلَىtoبَعْضٍsomeبِهَذِهِwith theseالْكَلِمَاتِwords:مَنْWhoeverأَصْلَحَrectifiesسَرِيرَتَهُ،his inner self,أَصْلَحَAllah rectifiesاللَّهُAllahعَلَانِيَّتَهُ،his public aspect,وَمَنْand whoeverأَصْلَحَrectifiesمَاwhatبَيْنَهُis between himوَاللَّهُ،and Allah rectifiesأَصْلَحَhis relationsاللَّهُAllahمَاwhatبَيْنَهُis between himوَبَيْنَand betweenالنَّاسِ،the people,وَمَنْand whoeverعَمِلَworksلَآخِرَتِهِ،for his Hereafter,كَفَاهُAllah will suffice himاللَّهُAllahأَمْرَthe affairsدُنْيَاهُ.of his worldly life.
And Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said: "There used to be the scholars in the past writing to each other with these words: Whoever rectifies his inner self, Allah rectifies his public aspect, and whoever rectifies what is between him and Allah, Allah rectifies what is between him and the people. And whoever works for his Hereafter, Allah will suffice him in his worldly affairs."
رَوَاهُNarrated byابْنِIbnأَبِيAbiالدُّنْيَاal-Dunyaفِيinكِتَابِthe book«الإِخْلاَصِ»."Al-Ikhlas."
Narrated by Ibn Abi al-Dunya in the book "Al-Ikhlas."
وَبَيْنَAnd it is clearفَعَلِمَthat it is knownأَنَّthatالْقَلْبَthe heartإِذَاifصَلَحَ،it is sound,بِالإِيمَانِwith faith,صَلَحَthe body is soundالْجَسَدُwith Islam,وَهُوَand it isمِنَfromالإِيمَانِ،faith,يَدُلُّindicatingعَلَىthatذَلِكَthat it saidأَنَّهُthat it isقَالَin the hadithفِيinحَدِيثِthe hadithجِبْرِيلَ :of Gabriel:هَذَاthisجِبْرِيلُGabrielجَاءَكُمْhas come to youيُعَلِّمُكُمْteaching youدِينَكُمْyour religion.
And it is clear that it is known that if the heart is sound with faith, the body is sound with Islam, and it is from faith, indicating that it said in the hadith of Gabriel: "This is Gabriel that has come to you teaching you your religion."
فَجَعَلَThus, He madeالدِّينَthe religionهُوَisالإِسْلاَمَIslamوَالْإِيمَانَand faithوَالْإِحْسَانَ،and excellence,فَتَبَيَّنَand it has become clearأَنَّthatدِينَنَاour religionيَجْمَعُencompassesالثَّلاثَةَthe three (aspects)لَكِنَّbutهُوَthey areدَرَجَاتٌlevelsثَلاَثٌ.three.مُسْلِمٌMuslimثُمَّthenمُؤْمِنٌbelieverثُمَّthenمُحْسِنٌ،excellence,كَمَاasقَالَتْstatedتَعَالَى:the Exalted:(ثُمَّ(ThenأَوْرَثْنَاWe inheritedالْكِتَابَthe Bookالَّذِينَto those whoاصْطَفَيْنَاWe have chosenمِنْfromعِبَادِنَاOur servants;.فَمِنْهُمْSo among themظَالِمٌis one who wrongsلِنَفْسِهِ،himself,وَمِنْهُمْand among themمُقْتَصِدٌis one who is moderateوَمِنْهُمْand among themسَابِقٌis one who excelsبِالْخَيْرَاتِin good deeds.بِإِذْنِby the permissionاللَّهِ﴾of Allah." (35:32)
Thus, it has been shown that the religion is Islam, faith, and excellence, and it has become clear that our religion encompasses three levels: Muslim, then believer, then one who excels, as stated by the Exalted: "Then We inherited the Book to those whom We have chosen among Our servants; so among them is one who wrongs himself, among them is one who is moderate, and among them is one who excels in good deeds by the permission of Allah." (35:32)
وَالْمُقْتَصِدُAnd the moderateوَالسَّابِقُand the one who excelsكِلَاهُمَاboth of themيَدْخُلاَنِenterالْجَنَّةَParadiseبِلَاwithoutعُقُوبَةٍ،punishment,بِخِلَافِunlikeالظَّالِمِthe one who wrongsلِنَفْسِهِ،himself,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseمَنْwhoeverأَتَىcomesبِالإِسْلاَمِwith Islamالظَّاهِرِthe apparentمَعَwithتَصْدِيقِthe belief ofالْقَلْبِthe heartلَكِنْbutلَمْdid notيَقُمْfulfillبِمَاwhatيَجِبُis requiredعَلَيْهِupon himمِنَofالإِيمَانِfaithالْبَاطِنِ،the inward,فَإِنَّهُthen he isمُعَرَّضٌexposedلِلْوَعِيدِ،to the threat,كَمَاasسَيَأْتِيit will comeبَيَانُهُhis clarificationإِنْifشَاءَAllah wills.
And the moderate and the one who excels both enter Paradise without punishment, unlike the one who wrongs himself. And likewise, whoever comes with apparent Islam, while believing in the heart, but did not fulfill what is required upon him of inward faith, then he is exposed to the threat, as it will come to his clarification if Allah wills.
وَأَمَّاAs forالإِحْسَانُexcellence,فَهُوَit isأَعْمُّbroaderمِنْthanجِهَةِthe aspect ofنَفْسِهِ،itself,وَأَخَصُّand more particularمِنْthanجِهَةِthe aspect ofأَصْحَابِهِits companionsمِنْthanالإِيمَانِ،faith,وَالْإِيمَانُand faithأَعْمُّis broaderمِنْthanجِهَةِthe aspect ofنَفْسِهِitselfوَأَخَصُّand more particularمِنْthanجِهَةِthe aspect ofأَصْحَابِهِits companionsمِنْthanالإِسْلاَمِ،Islam,فَالْإِحْسَانُso excellenceيَدْخُلُincludesفِيهِin itالإِيمَانُfaithوَالْإِيمَانُand faithيَدْخُلُincludesفِيهِin itالإِسْلاَمَ،Islam,وَالْمُحْسِنُونَand those who excelأَخَصُّmore particularمِنَthanالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،the believers,وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَand the believersأَخَصُّmore particularمِنَthanالْمُسْلِمِينَ،the Muslims,وَهَذَاand thisكَمَاasيُقَالُit is saidفِيinالرِّسَالَةِ.the message.
As for excellence, it is broader than faith, and faith is broader than Islam, so excellence includes faith, and faith includes Islam. Those who excel are more particular than the believers, and the believers are more particular than the Muslims, and this is as is said in the message.
(1)(1)أَخْرَجَهُNarrated byالإِمَامُthe ImamأَحْمَدُAhmad١٣٤/٣،134/3,١٣٥،135,[١٢٣٦٦][12366]وَإِسْنَادُهُand its chainضَعِيفٌ.is weak.
(1) Narrated by the Imam Ahmad 134/3, 135, [12366] and its chain is weak.
(2)(2)مُتَّفَقٌAgreedعَلَيْهُupon itمِنَfromحَدِيثِthe hadithالنُّعْمَانِof al-Nu'manابْنِibnبَشِيرٍ.Bashir.
(2) Agreed upon from the hadith of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir.
(3)(3)رَوَاهُNarrated byمُسْلِمٌMuslim[انظُرْ[Lookمُخْتَصَرِat the summaryصَحِيحِof Sahihمُسْلِمٍ،Muslim,رَقْمٌnumber٢].2].
(3) Narrated by Muslim [Look at the summary of Sahih Muslim, number 2].