مَنِfromبَابِthe doorعَطْفٍof showing affectionالْخَاصِّthe specificعَلَىtoالْعَامِّthe general،,أَوْorلَاnotيَكُونُisحِينَwhenالِاقْتِرَانِthe conjunctionدَاخِلًاenteringفِيinمُسَمَّاهُits name؟?
From the perspective of showing affection of the specific to the general, is it not appropriate when combined to be included in its name?
بَلْratherيَكُونُisلَازِمًاnecessaryلَهُfor itعَلَىaccording toمَذْهَبِthe doctrineأَهْلِof the peopleالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnah،,أَوْorلَاnotيَكُونُisبَعْضًاsomeوَلَاnorلَازِمًاnecessary،,هَذَاthisفِيهِin itثَلاَثَةَthreeأَقْوَالٍopinionsلِلْنَّاسِfor the people،,كَمَاasسَيَأْتِيit will comeإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُGod،,وَهَذَاand thisمَوْجُودٌis presentفِيinعَامَّةِmostأَسْمَاءِof the names
Rather, it is necessary for it according to the doctrine of the people of Sunnah, or it may not be some nor necessary; there are three opinions regarding this among the people, as will come if God wills, and this is present in most of the names.
يَتَنَوَّعُit variesمُسَمَّاهَاits namingبِالْإِطْلَاقِby the generalization،,وَالتَّقْيِيدِand the specification،,مَثَالٌan exampleذَلكَof thatاسْمٌthe nameالْمَعْرُوفُthe knownوَالْمُنْكَرُand the unknownإِذَاifأُطْلِقَit is generalizedكَمَاasفِيinقَوْلِهِHis sayingتَعَالَىthe Exalted::(يَأْمُرُهُمْ(He commands themبِالْمَعْرُوفِto the knownوَيَنْهَاهُمْand forbids themعَنِfromالْمُنْكَرِ)the unknown)
It varies its naming by generalization and specification; an example of that is the name 'the known and the unknown' if it is generalized, as in His saying, the Exalted: (He commands them to the known and forbids them from the unknown.) [Al-A'raf: 156]
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::كُنتُمْYou wereخَيْرَthe bestأُمَّةٍof nationsأُخْرِجَتْbrought outلِلنَّاسِfor the peopleتَأْمُرُونَYou commandبِالْمَعْرُوفِto the knownوَتَنْهَوْنَand you forbidعَنِfromالْمُنْكَرِthe unknown
And His saying: 'You were the best nation brought out for the people; you command to the known and you forbid from the unknown' [Aal Imran: 110].
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::﴿(وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَAnd the believersوَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُand the believing womenبَعْضُهُمْsome of themأَوْلِيَاءُare alliesبَعْضٍof each otherيَأْمُرُونَThey commandبِالْمَعْرُوفِto the knownوَيَنْهَوْنَand they forbidعَنِfromالْمُنْكَرِthe unknown﴾)
And His saying: '(And the believers, both men and women, are allies of one another; they command to the known and forbid from the unknown.)' [At-Tawbah: 71]
يَدْخُلُencompassesفِيinالْمَعْرُوفِthe knownكُلِّallخَيْرٍgood،,وَفِيand inالْمُنْكَرِthe unknownكُلِّallشَرٍّevil،,ثُمَّthenقَدْmayيُقْرَنُbe combinedبِمَاwith whatهُوَisأَخَصُّspecificمِنْهُthan itكَقَوْلِهِas in His sayingفَلَاso
It encompasses in the known all good, and in the unknown all evil; then it may be combined with what is more specific than it as in His saying.
وَلَاAnd noخَيْرَgoodفِيinكَثِيرٍmanyمِّنْofنَّجْوَاهُمْtheir whispersإِلَّاexceptمَنwhoأَمَرَcommandsبِصَدَقَةٍto charityأَوْorمَعْرُوفٍto knownأَوْorإِصْلاحٍto reformبَيْنَbetweenالنَّاسِthe people))
And no good is there in many of their whispers except for one who commands to charity or to the known or to reform between the people.
[النِّسَاءِ[An-Nisa::,١١٤114]]
[An-Nisa: 114]
فَغَايَرَThus he differentiatedبَيْنَbetweenالْمَعْرُوفِthe knownوَبَيْنَand betweenالصَّدَقَةِthe charityوَandالإِصْلاحِthe reformبَيْنَbetweenالنَّاسِthe peopleكَمَاasغَايَرَhe differentiatedبَيْنَbetweenاسْمِthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithوَandالْعَمَلِthe deeds،,وَاسْمِand the nameالإِيمَانِof faithوَandالإِسْلَامِIslam
Thus he differentiated between the known and the charity and the reform between the people, just as he differentiated between the name of faith and the deeds, and the name of faith and Islam.
وَكَذَلِكَLikewiseقَوْلُهُHis saying::إِنَّIndeedالصَّلَاةَthe prayerتَنْهَىforbidsعَنِfromالْفَحْشَاءِthe indecencyوَالْمُنْكَرِ)and the unknown)
Likewise, His saying: 'Indeed, the prayer forbids from indecency and the unknown.'
[العَنْكَبُوتِ[Al-Ankabut::,٤٥45]]
[Al-Ankabut: 45]
غَايَرَHe differentiatedبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themوَقَدْand it mayدَخَلَتhave includedالْفَحْشَاءِthe indecencyفِيinالْمُنْكَرِthe unknownفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying::﴿(وَيَنْهَوْنَand they forbidعَنِfromالْمُنْكَرِ﴾the unknown﴾
He differentiated between them, and the indecency may have included the unknown in His saying: 'and they forbid from the unknown.'
ثُمَّThenذَكَرَmentionedمَعَwithالْمُنْكَرِthe unknownاثْنَيْنِtwoفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying::إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَGodيَأْمُرُcommandsبِالْعَدْلِto justiceوَالْإِحْسَانِand to goodوَإِيتَاءِand givingذِيto the one who hasالْقُرْبَىthe relativesوَيَنْهَىand He forbidsعَنِfromالْفَحْشَاءِthe indecencyوَالْمُنْكَرِand the unknownوَالْبَغْيِ)and oppression)
Then He mentioned two with the unknown in His saying: 'Indeed, God commands to justice and to good, and giving to relatives, and He forbids from the indecency and the unknown and oppression.'
[النَّحْلِ[An-Nahl::,٩٠90]]
[An-Nahl: 90]
جَعَلَHe madeالْبَغْيَthe oppressionهُنَاhereمُغَيِّرًاdifferentلَهُمَاfrom them،,وَقَدْand it mayدَخَلَتhave includedفِيinالْمُنْكَرِthe unknownفِيinذَينَكَthose twoالمَوْضِعَيْنِplaces
He made the oppression here different from them, while it may have included the unknown in those two places.
وَمِنْAnd fromهَذَاthisالْبَابِthe categoryلَفْظُthe termالْعِبَادَةِworship،,إِذَاifأَمَرَcommandedبِعِبَادَةِto worshipاللَّهِGodمُطْلَقًاabsolutelyدَخَلَentersفِيinعِبَادَتِهِworshiping HimكُلَّallمَاwhatأَمَرَHe commandedاللَّهُGodبِهِwith it
And from this category, the term worship: if He commanded to worship God absolutely, it encompasses in His worship all that God has commanded.
فَالْتَّوَكُّلُFor relianceعَلَيْهِon Himمِمَّاis from whatأَمَرَHe commandedبِهِwith it،,وَالِاسْتِعَانَةُand to seek aidبِهِfrom Himمِمَّاis from whatأَمَرَHe commandedبِهِwith it
For reliance on Him is among what He has commanded, and seeking aid from Him is also among what He has commanded.
فَيَنْدَرِجُIt fallsذَلِكَthatفِيinمِثْلِsuch asقَوْلِهِHis saying::﴿(وَمَاAnd whatخَلَقْتُI createdالْجِنَّthe jinnوَالْإِنْسَand mankindإِلَّاexceptلِيَعْبُدُونِto worship Me
Thus it falls under what He said: '(And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me).' [Adh-Dhariyat]
،,وَفِيand inقَوْلِهِHis saying::(وَاعْبُدُوا(And worshipاللَّهَGodوَلَاand do notتُشْرِكُواassociateبِهِwith Himشَيْئًاanything
And in His saying: '(And worship God, and do not associate anything with Him).' [An-Nisa: 36]
،,وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::(يَأَيُّهَا(Oالنَّاسُpeopleاعْبُدُواworshipرَبَّكُمُyour Lordالَّذِيwhoخَلَقَكُمْcreated you
And His saying: '(O people, worship your Lord who created you.)' [Al-Baqarah: 21]
،,وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::﴿(إِنَّاIndeed, Weأَنزَلْنَاhave sent downإِلَيْكَto youالْكِتَابَthe Bookبِالْحَقِّwith the truthفَاعْبُدْtherefore worshipاللَّهَGodمُخْلِصًاsincerelyلَهُfor Himالدِّينَthe religion
Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book with the truth; therefore, worship God sincerely for Him the religion.' [Az-Zumar].
،,وَقُلْAnd sayاللَّهَGodأَعْبُدُI worshipمُخْلِصًاsincerelyلِمَارْضِيfor My Lord's satisfaction
And say: 'God, I worship sincerely for My Lord's satisfaction.' [Az-Zumar].
،,وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::أَفَغَيْرَIs it other thanاللَّهِGodتَأْمُرُونَyou commandأَعْبُدُI worshipأَيُّهَاOالْجَاهِلُونَthe ignorant?
And His saying: 'Is it other than God you command me, O ignorant ones?' [Az-Zumar: 64]
،,ثُمَّThenقَدmayيُقْرَنُbe combinedبِهَاwith itاسْمٌa nameآخَرُanotherكَمَاasفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying::إِيَّاكَYou aloneنَعْبُدُwe worshipوَإِيَّاكَand You aloneنَسْتَعِينُwe seek help
Then it may be combined with another name as in His saying: 'You alone we worship, and You alone we seek help.'