وَهَذِهِAnd theseالأَسْمَاءُnamesالَّتِيthatتَخْتَلِفُdifferدَلَالَتُهَاits meaningsبِالْإِطْلَاقِin unrestrictedوَالْتَّقْيِيدِand restrictedوَالْتَّجْرِيدِand abstractionوَالِاقْتِرَانِand conjunctionتَارَةًSometimes
And these names differ in their meanings in unrestricted, restricted, abstract, and conjunctive contexts.
يَكُونَانِthey areإِذَاifأُفْرِدَone is mentioned aloneأَحَدُهُمَاone of themأَعَمُّmore generalمِنَthanالْآخَرِthe other,,كَاسْمٍlike the nameالْإِيمَانِof faithوَالْمَعرفُand what is knownمَعَwithالْعَمَلِactionمَعَand withالصِّدْقِtruthfulness,,وَكَالْمُنْكَرِand like what is condemnedمَعَwithالْفَحْشَاءِimmoralityوَمَعَand withالْبَغْيِtyrannyوَنَحْوَand similarذَٰلِكَthat
They can be more general than the other if one is mentioned alone, like the name of faith and what is known along with action and truthfulness, and like what is condemned along with immorality and tyranny, and similar.
وَتَارَةًAnd sometimesيَكُونَانِthey areمُتَسَاوِيَيْنِequalفِيinالْعُمُومِgeneralityوَالْخُصُوصِand specificity,,كَالْفَظِlike the wordالْإِيمَانِof faithوَالْبِرِّand righteousnessوَالتَّقْوَىand piety,,وَلَفْظٍand the wordالْفَقِيرُpoorوَالْمَسْكِينِand needy
And sometimes they are equal in generality and specificity, like the words of faith, righteousness, and piety, and the words poor and needy.
فَأَيُّهُمَاWhichever of themأُطْلِقَis unrestrictedتَنَاوَلَincludesمَاwhatيَتَنَاوَلُهُincludes itالْآخَرُthe other,,وَكَذَٰلِكَand likewiseلَفْظُthe wordالتَّلَاوَةِrecitation,,فَإِنَّهَاfor itإِذَاifأُطْلِقَتْit was unrestrictedفِيinمِثْلِlikeقَوْلِهِHis saying::الَّذِينَThose whoءَاتَيْتَهُمُYou have given themالْكِتَابَthe scriptureيَتْلُونَهُthey recite itحَقَّwith its fullتِلاَوَتِهِrecitation
Whichever of them is unrestricted includes what the other includes, and likewise the word of recitation; for if it is unrestricted in the like of His saying: 'Those whom You have given the scripture, they recite it with its full recitation.'
تَنَاوَلَتْit includesالْعَمَلَactionبِهِwith itكَماasفَسَّرَهُinterpretedبِذَٰلِكَby thatالْصَّحَابَةُthe companionsوَالْتَّابِعُونَand the followersمِثْلَlikeابْنِIbnمَسْعُودٍMas'udوَابْنِand IbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasوَمُجَاهِدٍand Mujahidوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersقَالُواsaid::يَتْلُونَهُthey recite itحَقًّاtrulyتِلاَوَتِهِits recitation::يَتْبَعُونَهُthey follow itحَقًّاtrulyاتِّبَاعَهُits following
It includes action with it as interpreted by the companions and followers, like Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, and others who said: 'They recite it truly with its recitation: they truly follow it.'
فَيُحِلُّونَThey permitحَلَالَهُits lawfulوَيُحَرِّمُونَand they prohibitحَرَامَهُits unlawfulوَيَعْمَلُونَand they actبِمُحْكَمِهِupon its clear versesوَيُؤْمِنُونَand they believeبِمُتَشَابِهَاتِهِin its ambiguous verses,,وَقِيلَAnd it is said:هُوَit isمِنَfromالتَّلاَوَةِrecitationبِمَعْنَىin the sense ofالِاتِّبَاعِfollowingكَقَوْلِهِas His saying:::(وَالْقَمَرِ(And the moonإِذَاwhenنَلَنَاهَاwe reach it))
They permit its lawful and prohibit its unlawful, and they act upon its clear verses and believe in its ambiguous verses. And it is said: 'It is from recitation in the sense of following,' as His saying: 'And the moon, when we reach it...'.
وَهَذَاAnd thisيَدْخُلُincludesفِيهِin itمَنْwhoلَمْhas notيَقْرَأْهُread it,,وَقِيلَAnd it is said:بَلْratherمِنَit is ofتَمَامِthe completeness ofقِرَاءَتِهِits readingأَنْthatيَفْهَمَone understandsمَعْنَاهُits meaningوَيَعْمَلَand actsبِهِupon it,,كَمَاasقَالَsaidأَبُوAbuعَبْدِAbdالرَّحْمَنِAr-RahmanالسُّلَمِيُّAs-Sulami::حَدَّثَنَاWe were informedالَّذِينَthose whoكَانُواwereيُقْرِئُونَنَاteaching usالْقُرْآنَthe Quran::عُثْمَانَUthmanبْنَbinعَفَّانَAffanوَعَبْدِand AbdاللَّهِAllahبْنَbinمَسْعُودٍMas'udوَغَيْرِهِمْand others
And this includes those who have not read it, and it is said that rather it is part of the completeness of reading it that one understands its meaning and acts upon it, as Abu Abd Ar-Rahman As-Sulami said: 'We were informed by those who taught us the Quran: Uthman bin Affan, Abd Allah bin Mas'ud, and others...'
إِنَّIndeedتَمَامَthe completeness ofتِلَاوَتِهِits recitationأَنْis thatيُحِلُّit permitsحَلَالَهُits lawfulوَيُحَرِّمُand prohibitsحَرَامَهُits unlawfulوَأَنْand thatنَقْرَأَهُwe recite itكَمَاasأُنْزِلَit was revealedاللَّهُAllahوَلَاand do notنُحَرِّفَهُdistort itعَنْfromمَوَاضِعِهِits places
Indeed, the completeness of its recitation is that it permits its lawful and prohibits its unlawful, and that we recite it as it was revealed by Allah and do not distort it from its places.
وَعَنْAnd concerningالْحَسَنِAl-Hasan::يَتْلُونَهُthey recite itحَقًّاtrulyتِلَاوَتِهِits recitation))قَالَhe said::يَعْمَلُونَthey actبِمُحْكَمِهِupon its clear versesوَيُؤْمِنُونَand they believeبِمُتَشَابِهَاتِهِin its ambiguous verses
And concerning Al-Hasan: he said: 'They recite it truly with its recitation; they act upon its clear verses and believe in its ambiguous verses.'