جَهْمٌ،Jahm,فَعَرَفُواso they knewأَنَّthatالإِنْسَانَthe humanلاَdoes notيَكُونَbeمُؤْمِنًاa believerإِنْifلَمْnotيَتَكَلَّمْspeakبِالْإِيمَانِwith faithمَعَwithقُدْرَتِهِhis abilityعَلَيْهِ،, on it.
Jahm, so they knew that the human does not become a believer if he does not speak with faith with his ability to do so.
وَعَرَفُواAnd they knewأَنَّthatإِبْلِيسَIblisوَفِرْعَوْنَand Pharaohوَغَيْرَهُمَاand othersكُفَّارٌare disbelieversمَعَwithتَصْدِيقِbeliefقُلُوبِهِمْ،in their hearts,
And they knew that Iblis, Pharaoh, and others are disbelievers, even though they believe in their hearts.
لَكِنَّهُمْBut theyإِذَاifلَمْnotيَدْخُلُواincludeأَعْمَالَthe worksالْقُلُوبِof the heartsفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithلَزِمَهُمْit necessitated theirقَوْلُsayingجَهْمٌ،Jahm,
But if they do not include the works of the hearts in faith, it necessitated their saying of Jahm.
وَإنْAnd ifأَدْخَلُوهَاthey included itفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithلَزِمَهُمْit necessitated theirدُخُولَinclusionأَعْمَالِthe worksالْجَوَارِحِof the limbsأَيْضًاalsoفَإِنَّهَاfor theyلَازِمَةٌare necessaryلَهَا؛for it;
And if they included it in faith, it necessitated their inclusion of the works of the limbs as well, for they are necessary for it;
لَكِنَّbutهَـؤُلَـاءِtheseلَهُمْfor themحُجَجٌargumentsشَرْعِيَّةٌlegislativeبِسَبَبِهَاbecause of itاشْتَبَهَconfusedالأَمْرُthe matterعَلَيْهِمْ،upon them,
But these have legislative arguments because of it that confused the matter upon them,
فَإِنَّهُمْfor theyرَأَوْاsawأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahقَدْhasفَرَّقَdistinguishedفِيinكِتَابِهِHis bookبَيْنَbetweenالإِيمَانِfaithوَالْعَمَلِ،and works,
for they saw that Allah has distinguished in His Book between faith and works,
فَقَالَHe saidفِيinغَيْرِotherمَوْضِعٍ :places:﴿إِنَّIndeed,الَّذِينَthose whoءَامَنُواbelievedوَعَمِلُواand didالصَّالِحَاتِrighteous deeds
He said in several places: ﴿Indeed, those who believed and did righteous deeds﴾ [Al-Baqarah: 277].
وَرَأَوْاAnd they sawأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahخَاطَبَaddressedالإِنْسَانَthe humanبِالإِيمَانِwith faithقَبْلَbeforeوُجُودِthe existenceالأَعْمَالِof the worksفَقَالَ :saying:
And they saw that Allah addressed the human with faith before the existence of works, saying:
يَا أَيُّهَاO you whoالَّذِينَbelievedءَامِنُواbelieveإِذَاifقُمْتُمْyou standإِلَىtoالصَّلَاةِprayerفَاغْسِلُواthen washوُجُوهَكُمْyour facesوَأَيْدِيَكُمْand your handsإِلَىtoالْمَرَافِقِ)the elbows)
O you who believe, when you stand for prayer, then wash your faces and your hands to the elbows) [Table: 6].
يَا أَيُّهَاO you whoالَّذِينَbelievedءَامِنُواbelieveإِذَاifنُودِيَcalledلِلصَّلَاةِto the prayerمِنْfromيَوْمِthe dayالْجُمُعَةِof Friday
O you who believe, if you are called to the prayer from the day of Friday.
وَقَالُواAnd they said:لَوْIfأَنَّthatرَجُلًاa manءَامَنَbelievesبِاللَّهِin Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messengerضَحْوَةًin the morningوَمَاتَand diesقَبْلَbeforeأَنthatيَجِبَit is obligatoryعَلَيْهِupon himشَيْئًاanythingمِنَofالأَعْمَالِthe worksمَاتَdiesمُؤْمِنًا،a believer,
And they said: If a man believes in Allah and His Messenger in the morning and dies before anything of the works becomes obligatory upon him, he dies a believer,
وَكَانَand he wasمِنْamongأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِ،of Paradise,فَدَلَّthis indicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّtheالأَعْمَالَworksلَيْسَتْare notمِنَofالإِيمَانِ.faith.
and he was among the people of Paradise, this indicates that the works are not part of faith.
وَقَالُوا:And they said:نَحْنُWeنُسَلِّمُconcedeأَنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithيَزِيدُ،increases,بِمَعْنَىmeaning thatأَنَّهitكَانَwasكُلَّمَاwheneverأَنزَلَdescendedاللَّهُAllahآيَةًa verseوَجَبَit is obligatoryالتَّصْدِيقُto believeبِهَا،in it,
And they said: We concede that faith increases, meaning that whenever Allah descends a verse, it becomes obligatory to believe in it,
فَانْضَمَّso it joinsهَذَاthisالتَّصْدِيقُbeliefإِلَىtoالتَّصْدِيقِthe beliefالَّذِيthat whichكَانَwasقَبْلَهُ،before it,
so this belief joins the belief that was before it,
لَكِنَّbutبَعْدَafterكَمَالِthe completionمَاwhatأَنزَلَتْwas revealedاللَّهُAllahمَاthere was noبَقِيَتْremainingالإِيمَانُfaithيَتَفَاضَلُونَupon which they excelعِندَهُم،in their view,
But after the completion of what Allah revealed, there was no remaining faith upon which they excel in their view,
بَلْratherإِيمَانُthe faithالنَّاسِof the peopleكُلِّهِمall of themسَوَاءٌis equalإِيمَانُthe faithالسَّابِقِينَof the first onesالأَوَّلِينَof the firstكَأَبِيlike AbuبَكْرٍBakrوَ عُمَرَ،and Umar,
Rather, the faith of all the people is equal, the faith of the first ones, like Abu Bakr and Umar,
وَإِيمَانُand the faithأَفْجَرَof the most sinfulالنَّاسِ،of the people,كَالحَجَّاجِlike Al-Hajjajوَأَبِيand AbuمُسْلِمٍMuslimالْخُرَاسَانِيِّthe Khorasaniوَغَيْرِهِمَا.and others.
and the faith of the most sinful of the people, like Al-Hajjaj and Abu Muslim the Khorasani, and others.
وَالْمُرْجِئَةُAnd the Murji'ahالمُتَكَلِّمُونَthe speakersمِنْهُمْamong themوَالْفُقَهَاءُand the juristsمِنْهُمْamong themيَقُولُونَ :say:إِنَّIndeedالأَعْمَالَthe worksقَدْmayتُسَمَّىbe calledإِيمَانًاfaithمَجَازًا،metaphorically,
And the Murji'ah, the speakers among them and the jurists among them, say: Indeed, the works may be called faith metaphorically,
لِأَنَّbecauseالْعَمَلَthe actionثَمَرَةٌis the fruitالإِيمَانِof faithوَمُقَتَضَاهُand its requirementوَلِأَنَّهَاand because itدَلِيلٌis evidenceعَلَيْهَاfor itوَيَقُولُونَ :and they say:
because the action is the fruit of faith and its requirement, and because it is evidence for it.
قَوْلُهُ :His saying:الإِيمَانُFaithبِضْعٌis a fewسِتُّونَsixtyأَوْorبِضْعٌa fewوَسَبْعُونَseventyشُعْبَةٌbranchesأَفْضَلُهَاthe best of themقَوْلٌ :is the saying,لاَThere is noإِلَهَGodإِلَّاbut Him,اللَّهُAllahوَأَدْنَاهَاand the lowest of themإِمَاطَةٌis the removalالأَذَىof harmعَنْfromالطَّرِيقِthe pathمَجَازٌ.is metaphorical.
His saying: "Faith is a few sixty or seventy branches, the best of which is the saying, 'There is no God but Allah,' and the lowest of which is the removal of harm from the path" is metaphorical.
وَالْمُرْجِئَةُAnd the Murji'ahثَلاَثَةٌthreeأَصْنَافٌ :types:الَّذِينَthose whoيَقُولُونَ :say:الإِيمَانُFaithمُجَرَّدٌis purelyمَاwhatفِيinالْقَلْبِ،the heart,
And the Murji'ah are three types: those who say: Faith is purely what is in the heart,
ثُمَّthenمِنْsome ofهَـؤُلَـاءِthemمِنْofيَدْخُلُونَthey includeفِيهَاin itأَعْمَالَthe worksالْقُلُوبِof the heartsوَهُمْand they areأَكْثَرُthe mostفِرَقٌgroupsالْمُرْجِئَةِof the Murji'ahكَمَاasقَدْ ذُكِرَhas been mentionedأَبُوAbuالْحَسَنِal-Hasanالأَشْعَرِيُّal-Ash'ariأَقْوَالَهُمْtheir sayingsفِيinكِتَابِهِ،his book,
then some of them include in it the works of the hearts; and they are the most numerous groups of the Murji'ah, as Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari has mentioned their sayings in his book,
وَذَكَرَand he mentionedفِرَقًاgroupsكَثِيرَةًmanyيَطُولُit is longذِكْرُهُمْ،to mention them,
and he mentioned many groups, it is long to mention them,
لَكِنَّbutذَكَرْنَاwe mentionedمُجْمَلًاthe generalأَقْوَالَهُمْ .sayings.
but we mentioned the general sayings.
وَمِنْهُمْAnd among themمَنْthere are those whoلاَdo notيَدْخِلُوهَاinclude itفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithكَجَهْمٍlike Jahmوَمِنْand those whoاتَّبَعَهُfollowed himكَالصَّالِحِي،like al-Salihi,
And among them are those who do not include it in faith, like Jahm and those who followed him, like al-Salihi,
وَهَذَاand thisالَّذِيwhichنَصَرَهُhe supportedهُوَisوَأَكْثَرُand mostأَصْحَابِهِof his companions.
and this, which he supported, is with most of his companions.
١٥٥155.
155.