وَالقَوْلُAnd the sayingالثَّانِيthe secondمِنْofيَقُولُsays::هُوَit isمُجَرَّدُjustقَوْلٍa statementاللِّسَانِof the tongueوَهَذَاand thisلَاdoes notيُعْرَفُknowلِأَحَدٍto anyoneقَبْلَbeforeالْكَرَامِيَّةِAl-Karamiah
And the second saying is that it is merely the statement of the tongue, and this is not known to anyone before Al-Karamiah.
وَالثَّالِثُAnd the third::تَصْدِيقُthe affirmationالْقَلْبِof the heartوَقَوْلُand the statementاللِّسَانِof the tongue،,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْمَشْهُورُthe famousعَنْaboutأَهْلِthe people ofالْفِقْهِjurisprudenceوَالْعِبَادَةِand worshipمِنْهُمْfrom them،,وَهَؤُلَاءِand theseغَلَطُواerredمِنْfromوُجُوهٍaspects
And the third is the affirmation of the heart and the statement of the tongue, and this is what is famous among the people of jurisprudence and worship from them, and these have erred in several aspects.
أَحَدُهَاOne of them(۱)(1)ظَنُّهُمْis their assumptionأَنَّthatالْإِيمَانَthe faithالَّذِيwhichفَرَضَهُGod has imposedاللَّهُAllahعَلَىonالْعِبَادِthe servantsمُتَمَاثِلٌis uniformفِيinحَقِّthe rightالْعِبَادِof the servants،,وَأَنَّand thatالْإِيمَانَthe faithالَّذِيwhichيَجِبُis obligatoryعَلَىonشَخْصٍa personيَجِبُshouldمِثْلَهُbe similarعَلَىonكُلِّeveryشَخْصٍperson،,وَلَيْسَand notالْأَمْرُthe matterكَذَلِكَthus,,فَإِنَّforأَتْبَاعَthe followersالْأَنْبِيَاءِof the prophetsالْمُتَقَدِّمِينَthe earlierأَوْجَبَhas obligedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِمupon themمِنْofالْإِيمَانِfaithمَاwhatلَمْhas notيُوْجِبْهُbeen obligatedعَلَىonأُمَّةِthe nationمُحَمَّدٍMuhammad،,وَأَوْجَبَand has obligedعَلَىonأُمَّةِthe nationمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadمِنْofالْإِيمَانِfaithمَاwhatلَمْhas notيُوْجِبْهُobligedعَلَىonغَيْرِهِمothers،,وَالْإِيمَانُand the faithالَّذِيwhichكَانَwasيَجِبُobligatoryقَبْلَbeforeنُزُولِthe revelationجَمِيعِallالْقُرْآنِthe Quranلَيْسَis notهُوَlikeمِثْلَthe faithالْإِيمَانِthat is obligatoryالَّذِيwhichيَجِبُmust be seenبَعْدَafterنُزُولِthe revelationالْقُرْآنِthe Quran،,وَالْإِيمَانُand the faithالَّذِيwhichيَجِبُmustعَلَىonمَنْone whoعَرَفَknowsمَاwhatأَخْبَرَhas toldبِهِof itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمُفَصَّلًاin detailلَيْسَis notمِثْلَlikeالْإِيمَانِthe faithالَّذِيthatيَجِبُmustعَلَىonمَنْone whoعَرَفَknowsمَاwhatأَخْبَرَhe has reportedبِهِof itمُجْمَلًاin general،,فَإِنَّهُfor there isلَاnoبَدَّnecessityفِيinالْإِيمَانِfaithمِنْofتَصْدِيقٍaffirmingالرَّسُولِthe Messengerفِيinكُلِّallمَاwhatأَخْبَرَhe has reportedلَكِنَّbutمَنْone whoصَدَّقَaffirmsالرَّسُولَthe Messenger،,أَوْorمَاتَdiesعَقِبَafterذَلِكَthatلَمْnotيَجِبْobligedعَلَيْهِupon himمِنَofالْإِيمَانِthe faithغَيْرَother thanذَلِكَthat،,وَأَمَّاand as forمَنْone whoبَلَغَهُhas reached himالْقُرْآنَthe Quranوَالأَحَادِيثَand the hadithsوَمَاand whatفِيهِمَاis in themمِنَofالْأَخْبَارِthe newsوَالْأَوَامِرِand the commandsالْمُفَصَّلَةِin detailفَيَجِبُit is obligatoryعَلَيْهِon himمِنَfromالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationالْمُفَصَّلِthe detailedبِخَبَرٍby the newsخَبَرٍreportوَأَمْرٍand orderأَمْرٍa commandمَاwhatلَاis notيَجِبُrequiredعَلَىonمَنْone whoلَمْnotيُوجِبُobligedعَلَيْهِto himإِلَّاexcept forالْإِيمَانِthe faithالْمُجْمَلِthe summaryلِمَوْتِهِbefore his deathقَبْلَbeforeأَنْtoيُبَلِّغَهُreach himشَيْءٍsomethingآخَرَelse
One of these aspects is their assumption that the faith which Allah has imposed upon the servants is uniform in the right of the servants, and that the faith which is obligatory on one person is obligatory on every person. This is not the case; for the followers of the previous prophets have had burdens of faith imposed upon them that were not imposed on the nation of Muhammad. And Allah has imposed upon the nation of Muhammad burdens of faith that were not imposed on others. The faith that was obligatory before the revelation of the entire Quran is not like the faith that is obligatory after the Quran's revelation. The faith required of those who know what the Messenger has detailed in his reports is not like that required of those who know only the summary. It is essential in faith to affirm the Messenger in all he has reported, but one who affirms the Messenger or dies thereafter is not obligated to faith beyond that. However, the one to whom the Quran and hadith have reached and the detailed news and commands must affirm in detail what has been reported, while one for whom only general faith is required will not be obligated to anything further due to his death prior to reaching anything else.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoلَوْifقَدَرَit were possibleأَنَّهُthat heعَاشَlivedفَلَاthen notيَجِبُmustعَلَىonكُلِّeveryوَاحِدٍone ofمِنَthe peopleالْعَامَّةِthe generalأَنْtoيَعْرِفَknowكُلَّeveryمَاwhatأَمَرَhas commandedبِهِof itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerوَكُلَّand allمَاwhatنَهَىhas forbiddenعَنْهُabout itوَكُلَّand allمَاwhatأَخْبَرَhe has reportedبِهِof it،,بَلْbutإِنَّمَاratherعَلَيْهِit is upon himأَنْtoيَعْرِفَknowمَاwhatيَجِبُis obligatoryعَلَيْهِon himهُوَhimوَمَاand whatيُحْرَمُis prohibitedعَلَيْهِon him،,فَمَنfor whoeverلَاnotمَالٌwealthلَهُto himلَاnotيَجِبُmustعَلَيْهِon himأَنْtoيَعْرِفَknowأَمْرَهُhis matterالْمُفَصَّلَdetailedفِيinالزَّكَاةِthe Zakat،,وَمَنومنلَاnotاسْتَطَاعَabilityلَهُfor himعَلَىonالْحَجِّHajjلَيْسَis notعَلَيْهon himأَنْtoيَعْرِفَknowأَمْرَهُhis matterالْمُفَصَّلَdetailedبِالْمَنَاسِكِregarding rituals،,وَمَنوَمَنلَمْnotيَتَزَوَّجْget marriedلَيْسَis notعَلَيْهِon himأَنْtoيَعْرِفَknowمَاwhatوَجَبَis dueلِلزَّوْجَةِto the wife،,فَصَارَthus it becameيَجِبُmustمِنَofالْإِيمَانِfaithتَصْدِيقًاthe affirmationوَعَمَلًاand practiceعَلَىonأَشْخَاصٍindividualsمَاwhatلَاnotيَجِبُrequiredعَلَىonآخَرِينَothers
And also, if it were the case that he lived, it does not mean that each individual of the general public must know everything that the Messenger has commanded and everything that he has forbidden and all that he has reported. Rather, it is only upon him to know what is obligatory on him and what is prohibited for him. For someone who has no wealth, he is not obliged to know the detailed rules regarding Zakat, and anyone who does not have the ability to perform Hajj is not obliged to know the details concerning the rituals. Similarly, someone who is not married is not obliged to know what is due to his wife. Thus, the affirmation and practice of faith may be obligatory on some individuals and not on others.
وَبِهَذَاAnd with thisيَظْهَرُit is clearالْجَوَابُthe answerعَنْtoقَوْلِهِمtheir saying::خُوطِبُواthey were addressedبِالْإِيمَانِwith faithقَبْلَbeforeالْأَعْمَالِthe actions،,فَنَقُولُso we say::إِنifقُلْتُمْyou sayإِنَّهُمْthat theyخُوطِبُواwere addressedبِهِwith itقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatتَجِبَis obligatoryتِلْكَthoseالأَعْمَالِthe actions،,فَقَبْلَthen beforeوَجُوبِهَاtheir obligationلَمْnotتَكُنْbeمِنْof(۱)(1)الْوَجْهthe aspectالثَّانِيthe secondسَيَأْتِيwill comeفِيinالصَّفْحَةِthe page١٦٢162
And with this, the answer to their saying 'they were addressed with faith before actions' becomes clear. So we say: If you claim that they were addressed with faith before those actions became obligatory, then prior to their obligation, was not part of the (1) second aspect will come in page 162.