عَطَفُواThey (made) an additionلِتَغَايُرِto the differenceالصِّفَتَيْنِof the two attributesكَقَوْلِهِlike His saying::سَبِّحْGlorifyأَسْمَthe nameالَّذِيwhichخَلَقَHe createdفَسَوَّىand perfected))
They made an addition to the difference of the two attributes, like His saying: "Glorify the Name of the One Who created and perfected."
وَالَّذِيAnd (the One) whoفَدَّرَfashionedفَهَدَىand guided,,وَالَّذِيAnd (the One) whoأَخْرَجَbrought forthالمَرْعَىthe pasture,,وَالَّذِيand (the One) whoأَخْرَجَbrought forthالْمُرْعَىthe pastureفَجَعَلَهُand made itغُشَاءًa coveringأَحْوَىdark green
And (the One) who fashioned and guided, and (the One) who brought forth the pasture, and (the One) who brought forth the pasture and made it a dark green covering.
[الأَعْلَى][the Most High],,فَهُوَHe isسُبْحَانَهُGlory be to HimواحِدٌOneوَعَطْفٌand an additionبَعْضِsomeصِفَاتِهِof His attributesعَلَىtoبَعْضٍsome,,وَذَلِكَand that isقَوْلُهُHis saying::﴿وَالصَّلَاةِ"And the prayerالْوُسْطَى)the middle)
And He is, Glory be to Him, One; and an addition of some of His attributes to some, and that is His saying: "And the prayer, the middle."
[البَقَرَةِ:[Al-Baqarah:۲۳۸]238],,وَهِيَand it isصَلَاةُthe prayerالْعَصْرِof the afternoon.
[Al-Baqarah: 238], and it is the afternoon prayer.
وَالصِّفَاتُAnd the attributes::إِذَاIfكَانَتْthey wereمَعَارِفَknownكَانَتْthey wereلِلتَّوْضِيحِfor clarificationوَتَضَمَّنَتْand includedالْمَدْحَpraiseأَوْorالذَّمَّblame
And the attributes: If they are known, they were for clarification and included praise or blame.
تَقُولُYou say::هَذَاThisالرَّجُلُmanهُوَisالَّذِيthe one whoفَعَلَdidكَذَاsuch and suchوَهُوَand heالَّذِيis the one whoفَعَلَdidكَذَاsuch and suchوَهُوَand heالَّذِيis the one whoفَعَلَdidكَذَاsuch and such,,وَتَعَدُّدَand to enumerateمَحَاسِنَهُhis virtues
You say: "This man is the one who did such and such, and he is the one who did such and such, and he is the one who did such and such," and to enumerate his virtues.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this,,مَعَwithالاِتِّبَاعِfollowingقَدْmayيَعْطِفُونَهَاthey add themوَيَنْصُبُونَand they may setأَوْorيَرْفَعُونَraise.
And for this, with following, they may add them and they may set or raise.
وَهَذَاAnd thisالْقَوْلُsayingهُوَisالصَّوَابُthe correct.
And this saying is the correct.
فَإِنَّIndeedالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersبِالْغَيْبِin the unseenإِنْifلَمthey do notيُؤْمِنُواbelieveبِمَاin whatأُنْزِلَwas revealedإِلَيْهِto himوَمَاand whatأُنْزِلَwas revealedمِنْfromقَبْلِهِbefore himلَمthey were notيَكُونُواthey beعَلَىonهُدًىguidanceمِنْfromرَبِّهِمtheir Lordوَلَاnorمُفْلِحِينَsuccessfulوَلَاnorمُتَّقِينَrighteous.
Indeed, if the believers in the unseen do not believe in what was revealed to him and what was revealed before him, they were not on guidance from their Lord, nor were they successful nor righteous.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseالَّذِينَthose whoآمَنُواbelievedبِمَاin whatأُنْزِلَwas revealedإِلَيْهِto himوَمَاand whatأُنْزِلَwas revealedمِنْfromقَبْلِهِbefore himإِنْifلَمthey do notيَكُونُواbeمِنَofالَّذِينَthose whoيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِالْغَيْبِin the unseenوَيُقِيمُونَand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَمِمَّاand from whatرَزَقَهُمHe has provided themاللَّهُAllahيُنْفِقُونَthey spend,,لَمthey do notيَكُونُواbeعَلَىonهُدًىguidanceمِنْfromرَبِّهِمtheir Lord,,وَلَمnorيَكُونُواwere theyمُفْلِحِينَsuccessfulوَلَمnorيَكُونُواwere theyمُتَّقِينَrighteous.
And likewise, those who believed in what was revealed to him and what was revealed before him, if they do not be of those who believe in the unseen and establish the prayer and from what Allah has provided them, they do not be on guidance from their Lord, nor were they successful nor righteous.
فَدَلَّSo it indicatesعَلَىtoأَنَّthatالْجَمِيعَallصِفَةَattributeالْمُهْتَدِينَof the guidedالْمُتَّقِينَand the righteousالَّذِينَthose whoاهْتَدَوْاwere guidedبِالْكِتَابِby the BookالْمُنَزَّلِrevealedإِلَىtoمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadﷺ(peace be upon him)
So it indicates that all the attributes of the guided and the righteous are those who were guided by the Book revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him).
فَقَدْIndeedعَطَفَتْit has addedهَذِهِthisالصِّفَةَattributeعَلَىtoتِلْكَthatأَنَّهَاit is includedدَاخِلَةًincludedفِيهَاin it,لَكِنَّbutالْمَقْصُودَthe intendedصِفَةًattributeإِيْمَانَهُمْof their faith,وَأَنَّهُمْand that theyيُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِجَمِيعِin allمَاwhatأُنزِلَwas revealedاللَّهُAllahعَلَىonأَنْبِيَائِهِمHis Prophets,لَاnotيُفَرِّقُونَdistinguishingبَيْنَbetweenأَحَدٍanyoneمِنْهُمْof them,وَإِلَّاand else,فَإِذَاifلَمnotيُذْكَرis mentionedإِلَّاonlyالإِيْمَانَthe faithبِالْغَيْبِin the unseen,فَقَدْthen it mayيَقُولَsayمَنْwhoيُؤْمِنُbelievesبِبَعْضٍin someوَيَكْفُرُand disbelievesبِبَعْضٍ:نَحْنُWeنُؤْمِنُbelieveبِالْغَيْبِin the unseen.
Indeed, this attribute has been added to that it is included in it, but the intended attribute is their faith, and that they believe in all what Allah has revealed to His Prophets, not distinguishing between anyone of them, and else, if only the faith in the unseen is mentioned, then it may say who believes in some and disbelieves in some: "We believe in the unseen.
وَلَمَّاAnd whenكَانَتْit wasسُورَةَthe chapterالْبَقَرَةِAl-Baqarahسَنَامًاthe peakالْقُرْآنِof the Quranوَيُقَالُand it is saidإِنَّهَاthat itأَوَّلُthe firstسُورَةٍchapterنُزِلَتْwas revealedبِالْمَدِينَةِin Medina,اِفْتَتَحَهَاHe opened itاللَّهُAllahبِأَرْبَعٍwith fourآيَاتٍversesفِيinصِفَةِthe descriptionالْمُؤْمِنِينَof the believersوَآيَتَيْنِand two versesفِيinصِفَةِthe descriptionالْكَافِرِينَof the disbelievers,
And when it was the chapter Al-Baqarah, the peak of the Quran, it is said that it was the first chapter revealed in Medina, Allah opened it with four verses in the description of the believers and two verses in the description of the disbelievers.
وَبِضْعَةَand severalعَشَرَةَtenآيَةًversesفِيinصِفَةِthe descriptionالْمُنَافِقِينَof the hypocrites,فَإِنَّهُfor whenمِنْfromحِينٍthe timeهَاجَرَthe Prophet migratedالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)
And several ten verses in the description of the hypocrites, for when the Prophet migrated (peace be upon him).
صَارَbecameالنَّاسُthe peopleثَلاثَةَthreeأَصْنَافٍcategories:إِمَّاeitherمُؤْمِنٌbelieverوَإِمَّاorكَافِرٌdisbelieverمُظَاهِرٌdisplayingلِلْكُفْرِdisbelief,وَإِمَّاorمُنَافِقٌhypocriteبِخِلَافٍunlikeمَاwhatكَانُواthey wereوَهُوَand he isبِمَكَّةَin Mecca,
The people became three categories: either a believer, or a disbeliever displaying disbelief, or a hypocrite unlike what they were in Mecca.
فَإِنَّهُFor indeedلَمْthere was notهُنَاكَthereمُنَافِقٌhypocrite,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالَit was saidأَحْمَدُAhmadبِنْbinحَنْبَلٍHanbalوَغَيْرُهُand others:لَمْthere was notمِنَof the immigrantsمُنَافِقٌa hypocrite,وَإِنَّمَاand indeedكَانَتْthere wereالنِّفَاقُhypocrisyفِيinقَبَائِلِtribesالْأَنْصَارِof the Ansar,
For indeed there was no hypocrite among the immigrants, and indeed, there was hypocrisy among the tribes of the Ansar.
فَإِنَّFor indeedمَكَّةُMeccaكَانَتْwasالْكُفَّارُthe disbelieversمُسْتَوْلِينَdominatingعَلَيْهَاover it,فَلَاso noيُؤْمِنُbelievesوَيُهَاجِرُand migratesإِلَّاexceptمَنْfromهُوَisمُؤْمِنٌa believerلَيْسَthere is notهُنَاكَthereدَاعٍa callيَدْعُوto callإِلَىtoالنِّفَاقِhypocrisy,
For indeed, Mecca was dominated by the disbelievers, so no one believes and migrates except one who is a believer; there is not a call to call to hypocrisy.
وَالْمَدِينَةُAnd Medinaآمَنَتْbelievedبِهَاin itأَهْلُthe peopleالشَّوْكَةِof power,فَصَارَتْso it becameلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَfor the believersبِهَاin itعِزٌّhonorوَمَنْعَةٌand protectionبِالْأَنْصَارِwith the Ansar,
And Medina believed in it the people of power, so it became for the believers in it honor and protection with the Ansar.
فَمَنْSo whoeverلَمْdoes notيُظْهِرْshowالإِيمَانَthe faithآذَوْهُthey harmed him,فَاحْتَاجَso they neededالْمُنَافِقُونَthe hypocritesإِلَىtoإِظْهَارِshowingالإِيمَانِthe faith,مَعَwithأَنَّthatقُلُوبَهُمْtheir heartsلَمwere notتُؤْمِنbelieve
So whoever does not show the faith, they harmed him, so the hypocrites needed to show the faith, while their hearts did not believe.