قِيْلَIt was said::أَوَّلًاFirstيَنْبَغِيIt shouldأَنْthatيُعْرَفَit is knownأَنْthatالْقَوْلُthe sayingالَّذِيwhichلَمْdid notيُوَافِقْagree withالْخَوَارِجِthe Khawarijوَالْمُعْتَزِلَةُand the Mu'tazilaعَلَيْهِuponأَحَدٍoneمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahهُوَisالْقَوْلُthe sayingبِتَخْلِيدِof eternal condemnationأَهْلِthe peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sinsفِيinالنَّارِthe Fire,,فَإِنَّforهَذَاthisالْقَوْلُsayingمِنْofالْبِدَعِthe innovationsالْمَشْهُورَةِthe well-known,,وَقَدْand it hasاتَّفَقَagreedالصَّحَابَةُthe companionsوَالتَّابِعُونَand the followersلَهُمْto themبِإِحْسَانٍwith kindness,,وَسَائِرُand allأَئِمَّةِthe Imamsالْمُسْلِمِينَof the Muslimsعَلَىthatأَنَّهُthere is no oneلَاnotيُخَلَّدُeternalفِيinالنَّارِthe Fireأَحَدٌanyoneمِمَّنْfrom whomفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartمِثْقَالَthe weightذَرَّةٍof an atomمِنْofإِيمَانٍfaith,,وَاتَّفَقُواand they agreedأَيْضًاalsoعَلَىonأَنْthatنَبِيَّنَاour Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)يَشْفَعُintercedeفِي مَنْfor thoseيَأْذَنُwhom He permitsاللَّهُGodلَهُfor himبِالْشَّفَاعَةِto intercedeفِيfor himمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sinsمِنْofأُمَّتِهِhis nation,,فَفِيfor«الصَّحِيحَيْنِ»the 'Two Sahihs'عَنْهُabout himأَنَّهُthat he saidقَالَsaidلِكُلِّfor everyنَبِيٍّprophetدَعْوَةًa supplicationمُسْتَجَابَةًthat is acceptedوَإِنِّيand Iاخْتَبَأْتُconcealedدَعْوَتِيmy supplicationشَفَاعَةًintercessionلِأُمَّتِيfor my nationيَوْمَon the Dayالْقِيَامَةِof Resurrection,,وَهَذِهِand theseالأَحَادِيثُhadithsمَذْكُورَةٌare mentionedفِيinمَوَاضِعِهَاtheir places,,وَقَدْand someنُقِلَtransmittedبَعْضٌsomeالنَّاسُpeopleعَنْfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsفِيinذَٰلِكَthisخِلَافًاa disagreement,,كَمَاasرُوِيَnarratedعَنْaboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasأَنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاthere is noتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for him,,وَهَذَاand thisغَلَطٌis a mistakeعَلَىonالصَّحَابَةِthe companions,,فَإِنَّهُfor heلَمْdid notيَقُلْsayأَحَدٌanyoneمِنْهُمْof themأَنْthatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)لَاdoes notيَشْفَعْintercedeلِأَهْلِfor the peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sins,,وَلَاnorقَالَsaidإِنَّهُمْthat theyيُخَلَّدُونَare eternalفِيinالنَّارِthe Fire,,وَلَكِنَّbutابْنَIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinإِحْدَىone of theالرِّوَايَتَيْنِnarrationsعَنْهُabout himقَالَsaid::إِنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاdoes notتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for himوَعَنِand aboutأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنِson ofحَنْبَلٍHanbalفِيinقُبُولِacceptanceتَوْبَةِrepentanceالْقَاتِلِof the killerرَوَايَتَانِtwo narrationsأَيْضًاalso.. وَالنِّزَاعُAnd the disputeفِيoverالتَّوْبَةِrepentanceغَيْرُis different fromالنِّزَاعِthe disputeفِيinالتَّخْلِيدِeternal punishment,,وَذَٰلِكَand thatأَنْthatالْقَتْلَkillingيَتَعَلَّقُis related toبِهِitحَقٌّa rightآدَمِيٌّof a human beingفَلِهَذَاthereforeحَصَلَthere occurredفِيهِin itالنِّزَاعُthe dispute.. وَأَمَّاAs forقَوْلُthe sayingالْقَائِلِof the one saying:: إِنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithإِذَاifذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَgoesكُلُّهُall of it,,فَهَذَاthisمَمْنُوعٌis forbidden,,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْأَصْلُthe rootالَّذِيfrom whichتَفَرَّعَتْthe innovations branched outعَنْهُfrom itالْبِدَعُthe innovationsفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithفَإِنَّهُمْfor theyظَنُّواthoughtأَنَّهُthatمَتَىwhenذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَwentكُلُّهُall of itلَمْdoes not
It was said: First, it should be known that the saying which none of the people of Sunnah agreed with the Khawarij and the Mu'tazila upon is the saying of eternal condemnation of the people of major sins in the Fire, for this saying is one of the well-known innovations, and the companions and the followers of virtue have all agreed, along with the rest of the Imams of the Muslims, that no one will be eternally condemned in the Fire among those who have in their heart an atom's weight of faith.
وَاتَّفَقُواAnd they agreedأَيْضًاalsoعَلَىonأَنْthatنَبِيِّنَاour Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)يَشْفَعُintercedesفِي مَنْfor thoseيَأْذَنْwhom He permitsاللَّهُGodلَهُfor himبِالشَّفَاعَةِto intercedeفِيfor himمِنfromأَهْلِthe peopleالْكَبَائِرِof major sinsمِنofأُمَّتِهِhis nation,,فَفِيfor«الصَّحِيحَيْنِ»the 'Two Sahihs'عَنْهُabout himأَنَّهُthat he saidقَالَsaidلِكُلِّfor everyنَبِيٍّprophetدَعْوَةًa supplicationمُسْتَجَابَةًthat is acceptedوَإِنِّيand Iاخْتَبَأْتُconcealedدَعْوَتِيmy supplicationشَفَاعَةًintercessionلِأُمَّتِيfor my nationيَوْمَon the Dayالْقِيَامَةِof Resurrection,,وَهَذِهِand theseالْأَحَادِيثُhadithsمَذْكُورَةٌare mentionedفِيinمَوَاضِعِهَاtheir places,,وَقَدْand someنُقِلَtransmittedبَعْضٌpeopleالنَّاسُfromعَنْfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsفِيinذَٰلِكَthisخِلَافًاa disagreement,,كَمَاasرُوِيَnarratedعَنْaboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasأَنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاdoes notتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for him,,وَهَذَاand thisغَلَطٌis a mistakeعَلَىonالصَّحَابَةِthe companions,,فَإِنَّهُfor heلَمْdid notيَقُلْsayأَحَدٌanyoneمِنْهُمْof themأَنْthatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)لَاdoes notيَشْفَعْintercedeلِأَهْلِfor the peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sins,,وَلَاnorقَالَsaidإِنَّهُمْthat theyيُخَلَّدُونَare eternalفِيinالنَّارِthe Fire,,وَلَكِنَّbutابْنَIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinإِحْدَىone of theالرِّوَايَتَيْنِnarrationsعَنْهُabout himقَالَsaid::إِنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاdoes notتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for himوَعَنِand aboutأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنِson ofحَنْبَلٍHanbalفِيinقُبُولِacceptanceتَوْبَةِrepentanceالْقَاتِلِof the killerرَوَايَتَانِtwo narrationsأَيْضًاalso.. وَالنِّزَاعُAnd the disputeفِيoverالتَّوْبَةِrepentanceغَيْرُis different fromالنِّزَاعِthe disputeفِيinالتَّخْلِيدِeternal punishment,,وَذَٰلِكَand thatأَنْthatالْقَتْلَkillingيَتَعَلَّقُis related toبِهِitحَقٌّa rightآدَمِيٌّof a human beingفَلِهَذَاthereforeحَصَلَthere occurredفِيهِin itالنِّزَاعُthe dispute.. وَأَمَّاAs forقَوْلُthe sayingالْقَائِلِof the one saying:: إِنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithإِذَاifذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَgoesكُلُّهُall of it,,فَهَذَاthisمَمْنُوعٌis forbidden,,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْأَصْلُthe rootالَّذِيfrom whichتَفَرَّعَتْthe innovations branched outعَنْهُfrom itالْبِدَعُthe innovationsفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithفَإِنَّهُمْfor theyظَنُّواthoughtأَنَّهُthatمَتَىwhenذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَwentكُلُّهُall of itلَمْdoes not
And they also agreed that our Prophet (peace be upon him) intercedes for those whom Allah permits Him to intercede for from the people of major sins of His nation; in the 'Two Sahihs' it was narrated that he said: "For every prophet, there is a supplication that is accepted, and I have concealed my supplication (which is) intercession for my nation on the Day of Resurrection."
قَالَHe said:: لِكُلِّFor everyنَبِيٍّprophetدَعْوَةًa supplicationمُسْتَجَابَةًthat is acceptedوَإِنِّيand Iاخْتَبَأْتُconcealedدَعْوَتِيmy supplicationشَفَاعَةًintercessionلِأُمَّتِيfor my nationيَوْمَon the Dayالْقِيَامَةِof Resurrection,,وَهَذِهِand theseالأَحَادِيثُhadithsمَذْكُورَةٌare mentionedفِيinمَوَاضِعِهَاtheir places,,وَقَدْand someنُقِلَtransmittedبَعْضٌpeopleالنَّاسُfromعَنْfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsفِيinذَٰلِكَthisخِلَافًاa disagreement,,كَمَاasرُوِيَnarratedعَنْaboutابْنِIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasأَنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاdoes notتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for him,,وَهَذَاand thisغَلَطٌis a mistakeعَلَىonالصَّحَابَةِthe companions,,فَإِنَّهُfor heلَمْdid notيَقُلْsayأَحَدٌanyoneمِنهمof themأَنْthatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)لَاdoes notيَشْفَعْintercedeلِأَهْلِfor the peopleالْكَبَائِرِof the major sins,,وَلَاnorقَالَsaidإِنَّهُمْthat theyيُخَلَّدُونَare eternalفِيinالنَّارِthe Fire,,وَلَكِنَّbutابْنَIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinإِحْدَىone of theالرِّوَايَتَيْنِnarrationsعَنْهُabout himقَالَsaid::إِنَّthatالْقَاتِلَthe killerلَاdoes notتَوْبَةًrepentanceلَهُ, for himوَعَنِand aboutأَحْمَدَAhmadابْنِson ofحَنْبَلٍHanbalفِيinقُبُولِacceptanceتَوْبَةِrepentanceالْقَاتِلِof the killerرَوَايَتَانِtwo narrationsأَيْضًاalso.. وَالنِّزَاعُAnd the disputeفِيoverالتَّوْبَةِrepentanceغَيْرُis different fromالنِّزَاعِthe disputeفِيinالتَّخْلِيدِeternal punishment,,وَذَٰلِكَand thatأَنْthatالْقَتْلَkillingيَتَعَلَّقُis related toبِهِitحَقٌّa rightآدَمِيٌّof a human beingفَلِهَذَاthereforeحَصَلَthere occurredفِيهِin itالنِّزَاعُthe dispute.. وَأَمَّاAs forقَوْلُthe sayingالْقَائِلِof the one saying:: إِنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithإِذَاifذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَgoesكُلُّهُall of it,,فَهَذَاthisمَمْنُوعٌis forbidden,,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالْأَصْلُthe rootالَّذِيfrom whichتَفَرَّعَتْthe innovations branched outعَنْهُfrom itالْبِدَعُthe innovationsفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithفَإِنَّهُمْfor theyظَنُّواthoughtأَنَّهُthatمَتَىwhenذَهَبَit goesبَعْضُهُsome of itذَهَبَwentكُلُّهُall of itلَمْdoes not
And as for the saying of the one saying: 'If part of faith goes, all of it goes,' this is prohibited, and this is the root from which innovations in faith branched off, for they thought that whenever part of it goes, all of it goes and nothing remains of it.
ثُمَّThenقَالَتْthe sects saidالْخَوَارِجُthe Khawarijوَالْمُعْتَزَلَةُand the Mu'tazilaهُوَisمَجْمُوعٌa totalمَاwhatأَمَرَhas commandedاللَّهُAllahبِهِwith itوَرَسُولُهُand His Messenger,,وَهُوَand it isالإِيمَانُfaithالْمُطْلَقُabsoluteكَمَاasقَالَهُsaid byأَهْلُthe peopleالْحَدِيثِthe hadithقَالُواthey said:: فَإِذَاSo ifذَهَبَit goesشَيْءٌsomethingمِنْهُfrom itلَمْdid notيَبْقَremainمَعَwithصَاحِبِهِits possessorمِنَofالإِيمَانِfaithشَيْءٌanythingفَيُخَلَّدُtherefore he is condemned eternallyفِيinالنَّارِthe Fire,,وَقَالَتْAnd saidالْمُرْجِئَةُthe Murji'aعَلَىuponاخْتِلَافِthe differencesفِرَقِهِمْof their sects:: لَاNoتَذْهَبُdoes take awayالْكَبَائِرُthe major sinsوَتَرْكُand leavingالْوَاجِبَاتِthe obligationsالظَّاهِرَةِapparentشَيْئًاanythingمِنَfromالإِيمَانِthe faith,,إِذْasلَوْifذَهَبَit wentشَيْءٌsomeمِنْهُof itلَمْdid notيَبْقَremainمِنْهُfrom itشَيْءٌanythingفَيَكُونَthus it becomesشَيْئًاsomethingوَاحِدًاoneيَسْتَوِيis equalفِيهِin itالْبِرُّthe righteousوَالْفَاجِرُand the wicked,,وَالنُّصُوصُand textsالْرَّسُولِof the Messengerوَأَصْحَابِهِand his companionsتَدُلُّindicateعَلَىonذَهابِcertainly going awayبَعْضِهِof some of itوَبِقَاءِand the remainingبَعْضِهِsome of it,,كَقَوْلِهِlike his saying:: «يُخْرِجُ"He will take outمِنَfromالنَّارِthe Fireمِنَthose whoكَانَwasفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartمِثْقَالَan atom's weightذَرَّةٍof faithمِنَofإِيمَانٍfaith,,وَلِهَذَاand for thisكَانَwasأَهْلُthe peopleالسُّنَّةِof the Sunnahوَالْحَدِيثِand the hadithعَلَىonأَنَّهُthat itيَتَفَاضَلُdifferentiatesوَجُمْهُورُهُمْand their majorityيَقُولُونَsayزِيَادَةًincreasedوَيَنْقُصُand decreases,,وَمِنْهُمْand some of themمَنْwhoيَقُولُونَsayزِيَادَةًincreasedوَلَاand does not sayيَنْقُصُdecreases,,كَمَاasرُوِيَit has been narratedعَنْfromمَالِكٍMalikفِيinإِحْدَىone of theالرِّوَايَتَيْNnarrationsوَمِنْهُمْand among themمَنْis oneيَقُولُwho sayيَتَفَاضَلُis differentiatedكَـعَبْدِas AbdulاللَّهِAllahبْنِson ofالْمُبَارَكِthe blessed,,وَقَدْand it hasثَبَتَbeen provenلَفْظُthe expressionالزِّيَادَةِof increaseوَالنُّقْصَانِand decreaseفِيinهِitعَنْfromالصَّحَابَةِthe companions،,وَلَمْand did not١٧٦176
Then the Khawarij and the Mu'tazila said, 'Faith is completely what Allah and His Messenger has commanded, and it is absolute faith, as said by the people of hadith. They said that if something of it goes, it remains with its possessor no faith at all, thus he is eternally condemned in the Fire.' And the Murji'a said differing in their sects, 'The major sins and omission of apparent obligations does not take away anything from faith, as if something went of it, it would become something that they are equal in, both the righteous and the wicked. The texts of the Messenger and his companions indicate that some of it goes and some remains, like his saying: "He will take out of the Fire those who had in his heart an atom's weight of faith." Therefore, the people of the Sunnah and hadith hold that faith is differentiated and their majority say that it increases and decreases, while some say it increases only and does not say it decreases, as narrated from Malik in one of the narrations, and some of them say it is differentiated like Abdul Allah Bin Al-Mubarak, and the expression of increase and decrease in it has been proven from the companions.