قَالَHe saidسَلُواAskاللَّهَGodالْعَافِيَةَwell-beingوَالْيَقِينَ ،and certainty,فَمَاfor whatأُعْطِيَwas givenأَحَدٌto anyoneبَعْدَafterالْيَقِينِcertaintyشَيْئًاanythingخَيْرًاbetter thanمِنَfromالْعَافِيَةِ،well-being,فَسَلُوهُمَاso ask for them bothاللَّهَGodتَعَالَىthe Exalted
He said: "Ask God for well-being and certainty, for no one has been given anything better after certainty than well-being. So ask for both from God, the Exalted."
فَالْيَقِينُSo certaintyعِندَin the face ofالْمَصَائِبِcalamitiesبَعْدَafterالْعِلْمِthe knowledgeبِأَنَّthatاللَّهَGodقَدَّرَهَاhas decreed itسُكِينَةًtranquilityالْقَلْبِ،of the heart,وَطُمَأْنِينَتَهُand its reassuranceوَتَسْلِيمَهُ،and submission,وَهَذَاand thisمِنْis fromتَمَامِthe completionالإِيمَانِof faithبِالْقَدْرِin destinyخَيْرِهِits goodوَشَرِّهِ،and its evil,كَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:مَاWhatأَصَابَbefellمِنْfromمُصِيبَةٍcalamityإِلَّاexceptبِإِذْنِby the permission ofاللَّهِGodوَمَنand whoeverيُؤْمِنُbelievesبِاللَّهِin Godيَهْدِhe guidesقَلْبَهُhis heart.
So certainty in the face of calamities, after the knowledge that God has decreed them, is tranquility of the heart, reassurance, and submission, and this is part of the completeness of faith in destiny, its good and evil, as the Exalted said: "No calamity befalls except by the permission of God, and whoever believes in God, He guides his heart."
قَالَAlqamah said:وَيُرْوَىIt is narratedعَنْfromابْنِIbnمَسْعُودٍ :Mas'ud:هُوَHe isالرَّجُلُthe manتُصِيبُهُwho is afflicted byالْمُصِيبَةُ،the calamity,فَيَعْلَمُhe knowsأَنَّهَاthat itمِنْis fromعِندَ اللَّهِGodفَيَرْضَىhe is pleasedوَيُسَلِّمُ،and he submits,
Alqamah said: 'It is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud: He is the man who is afflicted by calamity, and he knows that it is from God, so he is pleased and submits.'
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingتَعَالَى:the Exalted:يَهْدِيHe guidesقَلْبَهُ :his heart:هُوَIt isزِيَادَةٌan increaseفِيinإِيمَانِهِ،his faith,كَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoاهْتَدَوْاwere guidedزَادَهُمْHe increases themهُدًى)guidance)
And His saying, the Exalted: "He guides his heart: It is an increase in his faith, as He said, the Exalted: 'And those who were guided, He increases them in guidance.'
وَقَالَ :And He said:إِنَّهُمْIndeed, theyفِتْيَةٌare a youthوَآمَنُواand they believedبِرَبِّهِمْin their Lordوَزِدْنَاهُمْand We increased themهُدًى)in guidance)
And He said: "Indeed, they are a youth who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance."
وَلَفْظُAnd the termالإِيمَانِfaithأَكْثَرُis moreمَاof whatيُذْكَرُis mentionedفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Quranمَقَيَّدًا،restricted,فَلَاso it is notيَكُونَto beذَاكَthatاللَّفْظُtermمُتَنَاوَلًاencompassingلِجَمِيعِallمَاwhatأُمِرَcommandedاللَّهُGodبِهِ،in it,بَلْbutيَجْعَلُmakesمُوجِبًاan obligationلِلاَزِمَاتِهfor its necessitiesوَتَمَامِand the completionمَاwhatأُمِرَHe commandedبِهِ،in it,
And the term 'faith' is most often mentioned in the Quran in a restricted sense, so that term is not encompassing all that God has commanded, but makes it an obligation for its necessities and the completion of what He commanded.
وَحِينَئِذٍAnd thenيَتَنَاوَلُهُit coversالْإِسْمُthe nameالْمُطْلَقُunrestrictedقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى :the Exalted:آمِنُواBelieveبِاللَّهِin Godوَرَسُولِهِ،and His Messenger,وَأَنْفِقُواand spendمِمَّاfrom whatجَعَلَكُمْHe has made youمُسْتَخْلَفِينَcaretakersفِيهِin itفَالَّذِينَSo those whoءَامَنُواbelievedمِنكُمْamong youوَأَنْفَقُواand spendلَهُمْfor themأَجْرٌis a great reward.خَيْرٌgoodوَمَاAnd whatلَكُمْis wrong with youلَاthat you notتُؤْمِنُواbelieveبِاللَّهِin Godوَالرَّسُولُand His Messengerيَدْعُوكُمْcalls youلِتُؤْمِنُواto believeبِرَبِّكُمْin your Lordوَقَدْand He hasأَخَذَtakenمِيثَاقَكُمْyour covenantإِن كُنتُمif you areمُؤْمِنِينَbelievers.هُوَHe isالَّذِيthe One whoيُنْزِلُrevealsعَلَىuponعَبْدِهِHis servantوَأَنْتُمْAnd youبَيِّنٌclearلِيُخْرِجَكُمto take you outمِّنَofالظُّلُمَاتِthe darknessإِلَىtoالنُّورِ)the light)
And then it encompasses the unrestricted name. He said, the Exalted: 'Believe in God and His Messenger, and spend from what He has made you caretakers in it. So those who believed among you and spent, for them is a great reward. And what is wrong with you that you do not believe in God while His Messenger calls you to believe in your Lord, and He has taken your covenant if you are believers? He is the One who reveals upon His servant, and you are clear to take you out of the darkness into the light.'
وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَىthe Exaltedفِيinآخِرِthe lastالسُّورَةِ:of the surah:يَا أَيُّهَاO you whoالَّذِينَhave believed,ءَامِنُواbelieveاتَّقُواFearاللَّهَGodوَآمِنُواand believeبِرَسُولِهِin His MessengerيُؤْتِكُمْHe will give youكِفَلَيْنِtwofoldمِّنَofرَّحْمَتِهِHis mercyوَيَجْعَلَand He will makeلَكُمْfor youنُورًاa lightتَمْشُونَby which you walkبِهِwith itوَيَغْفِرْand He will forgiveلَكُمْfor youوَاللَّهُand Godغَفُورٌis All-Forgivingرَّحِيمٌ ﴾the Most Merciful.
And He said, the Exalted, in the last of the Surah: 'O you who have believed, fear God and believe in His Messenger; He will give you twofold of His mercy, and He will make for you a light by which you walk, and He will forgive for you, and God is All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.'
وَقَدْAnd someقَالَof the commentators saidبَعْضُsomeالْمُفَسِّرِينَinterpretersفِيinالْآيَةِthe verseالأُولَى:the first:إِنَّهَاthat itخِطَابٌis addressedلِقُرَيْشٍ،to Quraysh,وَفِيand inالثَّانِيَةِ:the second:إِنَّهَاthat itخِطَابٌis addressedلِلْيَهُودِto the Jews
And some of the commentators said of the first verse: that it is addressed to Quraysh, and in the second: that it is addressed to the Jews.
وَلَيْسَAnd it is notكَذَلِك،such,فَإِنَّfor indeedاللَّهَGodلَمْneverيَقُلْsayقَطeverلِلْكَافِرِينَ :to the disbelievers:يَا أَيُّهَاO you whoالَّذِينَhave believed,ءَامِنُواbelieveثُمَّthenقَالَHe saidبَعْدَafterذَلِكَ:that:لِئَلَّاSo that (it) should notيَعْلَمَknowأَهْلُthe people ofالْكُتُبِthe Scripturesأَلَّاthat notيَقْدِرُونَthey couldعَلَىuponشَيْءٍanythingمِّنْfromفَضْلِthe favor ofاللَّهِGod
And it is not such, for indeed God never said ever to the disbelievers: 'O you who have believed,' then He said after that: 'So that the people of the Scriptures should not know that they could not attain anything from the favor of God.'
وَهَذِهِAnd thisالسُّورَةُSurahمَدَنِيَّةٌis Medinanبِاتِّفَاقٍby agreementلَمْnotيُخَاطَبْaddressبِهَاby itالْمُشْرِكُونَthe polytheistsبِمَكَّةَ،in Mecca,وَقَدْand He hasقَالَ:said:وَمَاAnd whatلَكُمْis wrong with youلَاthat you notنُؤْمِنُونَbelieveبِاللَّهِin Godوَرَسُولِهِand the Messengerيَدْعُوكُمْcalls youلِتُؤْمِنُواto believeبِرَبِّكُمْin your Lordوَقَدْand He hasأَخَذَtakenمِيثَاقَكُمْyour covenantإِن كُنتُمْif you areمُؤْمِنِينَ)believers.
And this Surah is Medinan by agreement and it was not addressed to the polytheists in Mecca, and He has said: 'And what is wrong with you that you do not believe in God while the Messenger calls you to believe in your Lord and He has taken your covenant if you are believers?'