وَأَمَّاAnd as forقَوْلُهُhis saying::(كَافَةً)(Kafah)فَقَدْit hasقِيلَbeen said::الْمُرَادُthe intended meaningأَدْخِلُواenterكُلَّكُمْall of youوَقِيلَand it has been said::الْمُرَادُthe intended meaningبِهِby itأَدْخِلُواenterفِيinالإِسْلَامِIslamجَمِيعِهِin its entirety،,وَهَذَاand thisهُوَisالصَّحِيحُthe correct one،,فَإِنَّforالْإِنْسَانَthe personلَاdoes notيُؤْمَرُcommandedبِعَمَلِto do the workغَيْرِهِof others،,وَإِنَّمَاbut ratherيُؤْمَرُhe is commandedبِمَاwith whatيَقْدِرُhe is ableعَلَيْهِto do،,وَقَوْلُهُand His saying::(أَدْخِلُوا)(Enter)خِطَابٌis an addressلَهُمْto themكُلَّهُمْall of them،,فَقَوْلُهُso His saying::(كَافَةً)(Kafah)إِنْifأُرِيدَit is intendedبِهِby itمُجْتَمِعِينtogether,,لَزِمَit would requireأَنْthatيُتْرَكَhe leavesالْإِنْسَانَthe personالإِسْلَامَIslamحَتَّىuntilيَسْلَمَhe convertsغَيْرَهُothersفَلَاso notيَكُونَit would beالإِسْلَامُIslamمَأْمُورًاcommandedبِهِby itإِلَّاexceptبِشَرْطِon conditionمُوَافَقَةِof agreementالْغَيْرِof othersلَهُto itكَالْجُمُعَةِlike Fridayوَهَذَاand thisلَاdoes notيَقُولُهُsay itمُسْلِمٌa Muslim،,وَإِنand ifأُرِيدَit is intendedبِ(كَافَةً)by (Kafah)،أَيْ:that is: أَدْخِلُواenterجَمِيعَكُمْall of youفَكُلُّthen allأَوَامِرُcommandsالْقُرْآنِof the Quranكَقَوْلِهِ:like His saying:﴿وَآمِنُوا(and believe)بِاللَّهِin Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messenger)﴾)[النِّسَاءِ[An-Nisa::١٦٥]165].. ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا(And establish)الصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَأَتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَthe zakat))[البَقَرَةِ:[Al-Baqarah:٤٣]43].. كُلُّهَاAll of itمِنْis fromهَذَاthisالْبَابِcategoryوَمَاand whatقِيلَhas been saidفِيهَاin it::(كَافَةً)(Kafah) ،وَقَوْلُهُ, and His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿وَقَاتِلُوا(And fight)الْمُشْرِكِينَthe polytheistsكَافَةً)all of them)[التَّوْبَةِ[At-Tawbah::٣٦]36]::أَيْ:That is:اقْتُلُوهُمْfight themكُلَّهُمْall of themلَاdo notتَدَعُواleave behindمُشْرِكًَاa polytheistحَتَّىuntilتُقَاتِلُوهُyou fight him،,فَإِنَّهَاfor itأُنزِلَتْwas revealedبَعْدَafterنَبْذِthe nullification ofالْعُهُودِthe treatiesلَيْسَit is notالْمُرَادُthe intended meaningاقْتُلُوهُمْfight themمُجْتَمِعِينَtogetherأَوْorجَمِيعَكُمْall of youفَإِنَّfor indeedهَذَاthisلَاdoes notيَجُبُّobligatory،,بَلْbutيُقَاتِلُونَthey fightحَسَبَaccording toالْمَصْلَحَةِthe interestوَالْجِهَادَand jihadوَفَرْضٌis obligatoryعَلَىuponالْكِفَايَةِsufficiency،,فَإِذَاso ifكَانَتْwereفَرَائِضَobligationsالْأَعْيَانِthe individualsلَمْdid notيُؤَكَّدْbe emphasizedالْمَأْمُورِينَfor those commandedفِيهَاin itبِـ(كَافَةً)with (Kafah)،,فَكَيْفَthen howيُؤَكَّدُcould it be emphasizedبِذَٰلِكwith thatفِيinفُرُوضِthe obligationsالْكِفَايَةِ؟!of sufficiency?! وَإِنَّمَاBut ratherالْمَقْصُودُthe objectiveتَعْمِيمُis to generalizeالْمُقَاتِلِينَthe fighters.. وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying::كَمَاasيُقَتِلُونَكُمْthey kill youكَافَةً)all)[التَّوْبَةِ[At-Tawbah::٣٦]36]::فِيهِin itاحْتِمَالَانthere are two possibilities... وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the intentأَنْis thatاللَّهَAllahأَمَرَhas commandedبِالْدُّخُولِto enterفِيintoجَمِيعِallالإِسْلَامِIslamكَمَاasدَلَّindicatedعَلَيْهِby itهَذَاthisالْحَدِيثُHadith,,فَكُلُّso allمَاwhatكَانَwasمِنَofالإِسْلَامِIslamوَجَبَis obligatoryالدُّخُولُto enterفِيهin it,,فَإِنَّfor ifكَانَit wasوَاجِبًاan obligationعَلَىuponالْأَعْيَانِindividualsلَزِمَthen he mustفِعْلُهُdo it,,وَإِنْand ifكَانَit wasوَاجِبًاan obligationعَلَىuponالْكِفَايَةِsufficiencyاعْتَقَدَhe must believeوُجُوبَهُin its obligation،وَعَزَمَand he intendsعَلَيْهِitإِذَاifتَعَيَّنَdeterminable،أَوْ, orأَخَذَhe takesبِالْفَضْلِthe betterفَفِعْلُهُso he does it,,وَإِنْand ifكَانَit wasمُسْتَحَبًّاrecommendedاعْتَقَدَhe believesحَسَنَهُits goodnessوَأَحَبَّand lovesفِعْلَهُto do it.. وَفِيAnd Inحَدِيثِthe hadithجَرِيرٍof Jarirأَنَّthatرَجُلًاa manقَالَsaid:: يَاOرَسُولَMessengerاللَّهِof Allah!!!صِفْdescribeلِيto meالإِسْلَامَthe Islam,,قَالَhe said:: تَشْهَدُyou testifyأَنْthatلَاthere is noإِلَٰهَgodإِلَّاexceptاللَّهَAllahوَتُقِرُّand you acknowledgeبِمَاwhatجَاءَhas comeمِنْfromعِندَwithاللَّهِAllah,,وَتُقِيمُand establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayer,,وَتُؤْتِيand giveالزَّكَاةَthe zakat,,وَتَصُومُand fastرَمَضَانَRamadan,,وَتَحُجُّand pilgrimageالْبَيْتَ»to the House.”قَالَ:He said: أَقْرَرْتُI have acknowledged(۱)(1),,فِيinقِصَّةٍa long storyطَوِيلَةٍlongفِيهَاin itأَنَّهُthat heوَقَعَfellفِيinأَخَاقِيقَcrevicesجُرَذَانٍof rats,,وَأَنَّهُand that heقُتِلَwas killedوَكَانَand wasجَائِعًاhungryوَمَلَكَيْنِand two angelsيَدُسَّانِwere stuffingفِيinشَدْقِهِhis cheekمِنْwithثِمَارِthe fruitsالْجَنَّةِof Paradise... فَقَوْلُهُSo His saying:: وَتُقِرُّand you acknowledgeبِمَاwhatجَاءَhas comeمِنْfromعِندَAllah
And as for his saying: (Kafah), it has been said: the intended meaning is 'enter all of you' and it has been said: the intended meaning is 'enter in Islam in its entirety.' This is the correct one, for a person is not commanded to do the work of others but is commanded with what he is able to do. And His saying: (Enter) is an address to them all. So His saying (Kafah) if intended meaning is collectively, it would require that a person leaves Islam until others convert, so Islam would not be commanded except on condition of agreement of others to it, like Friday, and this no Muslim would say. And if (Kafah) is intended as: enter you all, then all the commands of the Quran such as His saying: (and believe in Allah and His Messenger) [An-Nisa: 165]. (And establish the prayer and give the zakat) [Al-Baqarah: 43] is all from this category and what has been said in it: (Kafah), and His saying the Most High: (And fight the polytheists all of them) [At-Tawbah: 36], means fight them all, do not leave a polytheist until you fight him, for it was revealed after the nullification of treaties, the intended meaning is not to fight them collectively or all you, for this is not obligatory, rather they fight according to interest and jihad is obligatory upon sufficiency. If the obligations on individuals were not emphasized in them by (Kafah), how would it be emphasized for the obligations of sufficiency? The objective is to generalize the fighters. And His saying: as they kill you all [At-Tawbah: 36], contains two possibilities. The intent is that Allah commanded to enter into all of Islam as indicated by this narration, so everything that is of Islam must be entered into; if it was obligatory upon individuals it must be done, and if it was obligatory upon sufficiency it must be believed in its obligation, and he must intend it if it becomes determinable, or he takes the preference so he does it, and if it was recommended he believes in its goodness and loves to do it. And in the hadith of Jarir a man said: O Messenger of Allah! Describe the Islam to me, he said: you testify that there is no god except Allah and you acknowledge what has come from Allah, and you establish the prayer, and you give the zakat, and you fast Ramadan, and you do pilgrimage to the House.” He said: I have acknowledged (1), in a long story it was mentioned that he fell into crevices of rats, and that he was killed while hungry and two angels were stuffing his cheek with fruits of Paradise. So His saying: and you acknowledge what has come from Allah is the acknowledgment that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, for he is the one who brought that.
(١)(1)]]
(٢)(2)أَخَاقِيقَcrevicesكَالأَخَادِيدِlike the groovesوَاحِدُهَاone of them isأَخَاقُوقٌAkhqooqكَأَخْدُودٍlike a trench.