وَمِمَّاAnd of whatيَنْبَغِيshouldأَنْthatيُعْرَفَis knownأَنْthatأَكْثَرَmostالتَّنَازُعِdisputesبَيْنَbetweenأَهْلِthe people ofالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahفِيinهَذِهِthisالمَّسْأَلَةِissueهُوَisنِزَاعٌa disputeلَفْظِيٌّverbal
And what should be known is that most of the disputes among the people of the Sunnah regarding this issue are verbal disputes.
إِلَّاExceptفَالقَآئِلُونَfor the ones who sayبِأَنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithقَوْلٌis a statementمِنَfromالْفُقَهَاءِthe juristsكَالْحَمَّادِlike Hamadابْنِson ofأَبِيAbuسُلَيْمَانَSulaiman
Except for those who claim that faith is a statement from the jurists, like Hamad ibn Abi Sulaiman.
وَهُوَAnd heأَوَّلُis the firstمِنْofقَالَsaidذَلِكَthatوَمَنْand whoeverاتَّبَعَهُfollowed himمِنْamongأَهْلِthe people ofالْكَوفَةِKufaوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersمُتَّفِقُونَare in agreementمَعَwithجَمِيعِallعُلَمَاءِthe scholarsالسُّنَّةِof Sunnahعَلَىonأَنْthatأَصْحَابَthe people ofالذُّنُوبِthe sinsدَاخِلُونَare includedتَحْتَunderالذَّمِّcondemnationوَالْوَعِيدِand threat
And he is the first to say that, and those who followed him among the people of Kufa and others are in agreement with all the scholars of the Sunnah that the people of sins are included under condemnation and threat.
وَإِنْAnd ifقَالُواthey sayإِنَّthatإِيْمَانَهُمْtheir faithكَامِلٌis completeكِإِيمَانِlike the faithجِبْرِيلَof Gabrielفَهُمْtheyيَقُولُونَsayإِنَّthatالإِيْمَانَfaithبِدُونِwithoutالْعَمَلِactionالْمَفْرُوضِthe obligatoryوَمَعَand withفِعْلِthe action ofالْمُحَرَّمَاتِthe prohibitionsيَكُونُisصَاحِبُهُits ownerمُسْتَحِقًّاdeservingلِلذَّمِّof condemnationوَالْعِقَابِand punishment
And if they say that their faith is complete like the faith of Gabriel, they say that faith without obligatory action and with the commission of prohibitions makes its owner deserving of condemnation and punishment.
كَمَاAsتَقُولُهُyou sayالْجَمَاعَةُthe group
As the group states.
وَيَقُولُونَAnd they sayأَيْضًاalsoبِأَنَّthatمَنْwhoeverأَهْلِthe people ofالْكَبَائِرِthe great sinsمِنَamongيَدْخُلُentersالنَّارَthe fireكَمَاasتَقُولُهُyou sayالْجَمَاعَةُthe group
And they also say that among the people of major sins are those who enter the fire, as the group states.
وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoيَنْفُونَdenyعَنْaboutالْفَاسِقِthe sinfulاسْمَthe nameالإِيْمَانِof faithمِنْfromأَهْلِthe people ofالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahمُتَّفِقُونَagreeعَلَىthatهُوَheلَاnotيَخْلُدُperpetually resideفِيinالنَّارِthe fire
And those who deny the name of faith from the people of the Sunnah agree that he does not perpetually reside in the fire.
فَلَيْسَSo there is notبَيْنَbetweenفُقَهَاءِthe juristsالْمِلَّةِof the sectنِزَاعٌa disputeفِيinأَصْحَابِthe people ofالذُّنُوبِthe sinsإِذَاifكَانُواthey wereمُقِرِّينَacknowledgingبَاطِنًاinternallyوَظَاهِرًاand publiclyبِمَاwith whatجَاءَcameبِهِbyالرَّسُولِthe Messengerوَمَاand whatتَوَاتَرَis conveyedعَنْهُfrom himأَنَّهُمْthat theyمِنْare fromأَهْلِthe people ofالْوَعِيدِthe threat eventوَأَنَّهُand that heيَدْخُلُentersالنَّارَthe fireمِنْهُمْamong themمَنْwhomeverأَخْبَرَhas informedاللَّهَGodوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerبِدُخُولِهِof his enteringإِلَيْهَاinto itوَلَاand notيَخْلُدُperpetually resideمِنْهُمْamong themفِيَهَاin itأَحَدٌanyoneوَلَاand notيَكُونُونَthey areمُرْتَدِّينَapostatesمُبَاحِيِّblood permissibleالدِّمَاءِthe blood
So there is no dispute among the jurists of the sect concerning the people of sins if they are acknowledging internally and externally what the Messenger came with, and what is conveyed from him that they are from the people of the threat, and that whoever God and His Messenger informed of his entering into the fire does not reside perpetually in it, and they are not apostates permissible for the blood.
وَلَكِنَّButالْأَقْوَالَthe sayingsالْمُنْحَرِفَةِthe deviantقَوْلٌthe sayingمِنْof those whoيَقُولُونَsayبِتَخْلِيدِهِمof their perpetual residenceفِيinالنَّارِthe fireكَالْخَوَارِجِlike the Khawarijوَالْمُعْتَزِلَةِand the Mu'tazilahوَقَوْلٌand the sayingغُلَاتِthe extremistsالْمُرْجِئَةِof the Murji'ahالَّذِينَwhoيَقُولُونَsayمَاthat whichنَعْلَمُwe knowأَنْthatأَحَدًاanyoneمِنْهُمْamong themيَدْخُلُentersالنَّارَthe fireبَلْbutنَقِفُwe standفِيinهَذَاthisكُلِّهِall
But the deviant sayings are from those who say of their perpetual residence in the fire, like the Khawarij and the Mu'tazilah, and the sayings of the extremists of the Murji'ah who say that we do not know that anyone among them enters the fire; rather, we stand in all this.
وَحُكِيَAnd it was narratedعَنfromبَعْضِsomeغُلَاتِof the extremistsالْمُرْجِئَةِof the Murji'ahالجَزْمُthe determinationبِالنَّفْيِof negationالْعَامِّthe generalوَيُقَالُand it is saidلِلْخَوَارِجِto the Khawarijالَّذِيthat whichنَفَىdeniedعَنْaboutالسَّارِقِthe thiefوَالثَّانِيand the adultererوَالشَّارِبِand the drinkerوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersالإِيْمَانَthe faithهُوَheلَمْdid notيَجْعَلْهُمmake themمُرْتَدِّينَapostatesعَنْfromالإِسْلَامِIslamبَلْratherعَاقَبَhe punishedهَذَاthisبَالْجَلْدِwith floggingوَهَذَاand thisبِالْقَطْعِwith cuttingوَلَمْand did notيَقْتُلْkillأَحَدًاanyoneإِلَّاexceptالزَّانِيَthe adultererالْمُحْصَنِthe marriedوَلَمْand did notيَقْتُلْهُkill himقَتْلًاthe killingالْمُرْتَدِّthe apostate
And it was narrated from some of the extremists of the Murji'ah the determination of the general negation, and it is said to the Khawarij that the one who denied faith from the thief, the adulterer, the drinker, and others did not make them apostates from Islam; rather, he punished this one with flogging and that one with cutting, and did not kill anyone except the married adulterer, nor did he kill him like the killing of an apostate.
فَإِنَّFor verilyالْمُرْتَدَّthe apostateيُقْتَلُis killedبِالسَّهْمِwith the swordبَعْدَafterالِاسْتِتَابَةِthe repentance periodوَهَذَاand thisيَرْجُمُis stonedبِالْحِجَارَةِwith stonesبِلاَwithoutاسْتِتَابَةٍrepentance
For verily, the apostate is killed with the sword after the repentance period, while this one is stoned with stones without repentance.
فَدَلَّSo it indicatesذَلِكَthatعَلَىthatأَنَّهُheوَإِنْand ifنَفَىhe deniedعَنْهُمْabout themالإِيْمَانَthe faithفَلَيْسُواthey are notعِندَهُat himمُرْتَدِّينَapostatesعَنْfromالإِسْلَامِIslamمَعَwithظُهُورِthe appearance ofذُنُوبِهِمtheir sinsوَلَيْسُواand they are notكَالمُنَافِقِينَlike the hypocritesالَّذِينَwhoكَانُواwereيُظَاهِرُونَdisplayingالإِسْلَامَIslamوَيُبْطِنُونَand concealingالْكُفْرَdisbeliefفَأُولَـٰئِكَSo thoseلَمْdid notيُعَاقِبْهُمْpunish themإِلَّاexceptعَلَىforذَنبٍa sinظَاهِرٍapparent
So it indicates that if he denied the faith about them, then they are not considered apostates from Islam in his view, despite the appearance of their sins, and they are not like the hypocrites who were displaying Islam while concealing disbelief. So those were not punished except for an apparent sin.
وَبِسَبَبِAnd because ofالْكَلَامِthe speechفِيinمَسْأَلَةِthe issueالإِيمَانِof faithتَنَازَعَpeople disputedالنَّاسُpeopleهَلْwhetherفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageأَسْمَاءٍnamesشَرْعِيَّةٍlegislativeنُقِلَتْtaken byالشَّارِعِthe Legislatorعَنْfromمُسَمَّاهَاits original meaningفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageأَوْorأَنَّهَاthat they remainبَاقِيَةًas isفِيinالشَّرْعِthe lawعَلَىonمَاwhatكَانَتْthey wereعَلَيْهِon itفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageلَكِنَّbutالشَّارِعَthe Legislatorزَادَaddedفِيinأَحْكَامِهَاits rulingsلَاnotفِيinمَعْنَىmeaningالْأَسْمَاءِof the names
And because of the speech regarding the issue of faith, people disputed whether in the language there are legislative names taken by the Legislator from their original meaning in the language, or that they remain as they were in the law, but the Legislator has added to their rulings, not to the meaning of the names.
وَهَكَذَاAnd thusقَالُواthey saidفِيinاسْمِthe nameالصَّلَاةِof prayerوَالزَّكَاةِand almsgivingوَالصِّيَامِand fastingوَالْحَجِّand pilgrimageإِنَّهَاthat they areبَاقِيَةٌremainingفِيinكَلَامِthe speechالشَّارِعِof the Legislatorعَلَىonمَعْنَاهَاits meaningاللُّغَوِيِّlinguistic
And thus they said regarding the name of prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage: that they remain in the speech of the Legislator on their linguistic meaning.