لَيْسَThere is notفِيinالْمَالِmoneyحَقٌّrightسِوَىexceptالزَّكَاةِthe almsgiving
There is no right in money except the almsgiving.
أَيْThat isلَيْسَthere is notفِيهِin itحَقٌّany rightيَجِبُthat is requiredبِسَبَبِbecause ofالْمَالِmoneyسِوَىexceptالزَّكَاةِthe almsgiving
That is, there is no right in it that is required due to money except the almsgiving.
وَإِلَّاOtherwiseفَفِيهِthere are in itوَاجِبَاتٌobligationsبِغَيْرِwithoutسَبَبٍa reason
Otherwise, there are obligations in it without cause.
الْمَالُMoneyكَمَاasتَجِبُis requiredالنَّفَقاتُexpendituresلِلْأَقَارِبِfor relatives,,وَالزَّوْجَةُand the wife,,وَالرَّقِيقُand the dependents,,وَالْبَهَائِمُand the livestock
Money has obligations that must be followed, such as expenditures for relatives, the wife, dependents, and livestock.
وَيَجِبُand it is requiredحَمْلُto carryالْعَاقِلَةَthe responsible,,وَيَجِبُand it is requiredقَضَاءُto pay offالْدُّيُونِdebts,,وَيَجِبُand it is requiredالإِعْطَاءُto giveفِيinالنَّائِبَةِthe emergency,,وَيَجِبُand it is requiredإِطْعَامُto feedالْجَائِعِthe hungryوَكِسْوَةُand clothingالْعَارِيِthe nakedفَرْضًاa dutyعَلَىonالْكِفَايَةِsufficiency,,إِلَىin addition toغَيْرِotherذَٰلِكَthatمِنَofالْوَاجِبَاتِobligations
And it is also required to care for dependents and pay off debts, and it is required to give in emergencies, and to feed the hungry and clothe the naked is a communal duty, in addition to other obligations.
الْمَالِيَّةُfinancialلَكِنَّbutبِسَبَبِbecause ofعَارِضٍa hindranceوَالْمَالُand moneyشَرْطٌis a conditionوُجُوبِهَاfor their obligation
But because of incidental factors, and money is a condition for their obligation.
كَالاِسْتِطَاعَةِlike the abilityفِيinالْحَجِّthe pilgrimage,,فَإِنَّfor, indeedالْبَدَنَthe bodyسَبَبٌis a reasonالْوُجُوبِfor the obligationوَالْاسْتِطَاعَةُand abilityشَرْطٌis a condition
Like the ability in pilgrimage, for indeed the body is a reason for the obligation and the ability is a condition.
وَالْمَالُAnd moneyفِيinالزَّكَوَاتِthe almsgivingهُوَisالسَّبَبُthe reasonوَالْوُجُوبُand the obligationمَعَهُwith it
And money in the almsgiving is the reason and obligation connected with it.
حَتَّىEvenلَوْifلَمْnotيَكُنْbeفِيinبَلَدِهِhis countryمِنْfromيَسْتَحِقُّهَاthose who deserve itحَمَلَهَاhe carries itإِلَىtoبَلَدٍanother countryأُخْرَىother,,وَهِيَand it isحَقٌّa rightوَجَبَthat was establishedاللَّهُby Allahتَعَالَىthe Almighty
Even if there are no eligible recipients in his country, he carries it to another country, and it is a right established by Allah the Almighty.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَsaidمَنْwhoقَالَsaidمِنَofالْفُقَهَاءِthe jurists::إِنَّthatالتَّكْلِيفَthe obligationشَرْطٌis a conditionفِيهاin it
And for this reason, those among the jurists said that the obligation is a condition in it.
فَلَاSo it does notتَجِبُbe requiredعَلَىonالصَّغِيرِthe minorوَالْمَجْنُونِand the insane
So it does not need to be established on the minor and the insane.
وَأَمَّاBut as forعَامَّةِthe generalالصَّحَابَةِcompanions,,وَالْجُمُهُورِand the majority,,كَمالِكٍlike Malikوَالْشَّافِعِيِّand Al-Shafi'i,,وَأَحْمَدَand Ahmad,,فَأَوْجَبُوهَاthey obligated itفِيinمَالِthe wealthالصَّغِيرِof the minorوَالْمَجْنُونِand the insane
But as for the general companions and the majority, like Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad, they obligated it on the wealth of the minor and the insane.
لَأَنَّBecauseمَالَهُمَاtheir wealthمِنْis ofجِنْسٍthe typeمَالٍof wealthغَيْرِهِمَاother than them
Because their wealth is of the same type as that of others.
وَوَلِيُّهُمَاAnd their guardianيَقُومُtakes the placeمَقَامَهُمَاof themبِخِلَافِunlikeبَدَنِهِمَاtheir bodies,,فَإِنَّهُfor itإِنَّمَاonlyيَتَصَرَّفُactsبِعَقْلِهِمَاwith their mind,,وَعَقْلُهُمَاand their intelligenceنَاقِصٌis deficient
And their guardian acts in their place, unlike their bodies, for it only acts with their intelligence, and their intelligence is deficient.
وَصَارَAnd it has becomeهَذَاthisكَمَاasيَجِبُis requiredالْعُشْرُthe tenthفِيinأَرْضِهِمَاtheir land
And it has become like the obligation of the tenth in their land.
أَنَّهُThat itإِنَّمَاonlyيَسْتَحِقُّهُis deservedالثَّمَانِيَةُby the eight
That it is only deserved by the eight.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseإِيْجَابُthe obligationالْكَفَّارَةِof expiationفِيinمَالِهِمَاtheir wealth
And likewise the obligation of expiation in their wealth.
وَالصَّلَاةُAnd the prayerمَعَalong withالصِّيَامِthe fastingإِنَّمَاonlyتَسْقُطُis droppedلِعَجْزٍdue to the inabilityالْعَقْلِof the mindعَنْfromالإِيجَابِthe obligation,,لَا سِيَّمَاespeciallyإِذَاifانْضَمَّjoinedإِلَىtoعَجْزٍthe inabilityالْبَدَنِof the body
And the prayer, along with the fasting, is only dropped due to the inability of the mind to bear the obligation, especially if joined with the inability of the body.
كَمَاAsكَالصَّغِيرِwith the minor,,وَهَذَاand thisالْمَعْنَىmeaningمُنْتَفٍis negatedفِيinالْمَالِmoneyفَإِنَّfor indeedالْوَلِيَّthe guardianقَامَhas takenمَقَامَهُمَاtheir placeفِيinالْفَهْمِunderstanding
As with the minor, and this meaning is negated in money, for indeed the guardian has taken their place in understanding.
يَقُومُtakes the placeمَقَامَهُمَاof themفِيinجَمِيعِallمَاwhatيَجِبُis requiredفِيinالْمَالِmoney
He takes their place in all that is required concerning money.
وَأَمَّاBut as forبَدَنَهُمَاtheir bodyفَلَاit does notيَجِبُneed to be requiredعَلَيْهُمَاon themفِيَهin itشَيْءٌanything
But as for their body, it does not need to be required from them in it.
فَصْلٌChapter,,هُوَit is
Chapter, it is
قَالَsaidمُحَمَّدٌMuhammadبِنِbinنَصْرٍNasrوَاسْتَدَلُّواand they used evidenceعَلَىforأَنَّthatالإِيمَانَfaithمَاwhatذَكَّرُوهُthey mentionedبِالْآيَاتِwith the versesالَّتِيthatتَلَوْنَاهَاwe recited itعِنْدَwhenذِكْرِmentioningتَسْمِيَةِthe namingاللَّهِAllahالصَّلَاةِthe prayerوَسَائِرِand otherالطَّاعَاتِacts of obedienceإِيمَانًاas faithوَإِسْلَامًاand Islamوَدِينًاand religion
Muhammad bin Nasr said, and they used evidence for the faith in what they mentioned with the verses that we recited concerning mentioning Allah's naming of prayer and other acts of obedience as faith, Islam, and religion.
وَاسْتَدَلُّواAnd they also used evidenceأَيْضًاalsoمِمَّاfrom whatقَصَّrelatesاللَّهُAllahمِنْofنَبَإِthe storyإِبْلِيسَof Iblisحِينَwhenعَصَىhe disobeyedرَبَّهُhis Lordفِيinسُجْدَةٍa prostrationوَاحِدَةٍoneأَمَرَهُcommanded
And they also used evidence from what Allah revealed about the story of Iblis when he disobeyed his Lord in a single prostration he was commanded.
قُلْتُI said::وَقَدْAnd it has beenرُوِيَnarratedمَرْفُوعًاas elevatedإِلَىtoالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet,,وَلَكِنَّbutلَاnotيَصِحُّcorrectإِسْنَادُهُits chain,,وَلَعَلَّand perhapsالْمُؤَلِّفُthe authorأَشَارَindicatedإِلَىtoذَٰلِكَthatبِقَوْلِهِby his saying::وَيُقَالُand it is said[انْظُرْ[lookضَعِيفٌweakenedسُنَنُSunanابْنِIbnمَاجَهُMajah٣٩٧397,,وَضَعِيفٌand weakالْجَامِعُthe جامعالصَّغِيرُsmall
I said: And it has been narrated as elevated to the Prophet, but its chain is not correct, and perhaps the author indicated that by saying: and it is said, [look at the weakened Sunan Ibn Majah 397, and the weak small جامع].